...Pulmonary embolism is a serious and potentially life threatening condition. When the blood supply to the lungs gets clogged with a clot pulmonary embolism can happen. It can happen even in healthy people. Sudden blockage of blood vessel artery in the lungs can cause pulmonary embolism. Usually it is a blood clot. Most cases the clots can be small but it can still damage the lungs. If the clots are big enough it can be deadly. Quick treatments will reduce the risk for future problems (Lung disease, 2011). Most common of the symptoms are sudden shortness of breath which are a sharp chest pain that is worse when you cough or take a deep breath, a cough that brings up pink and foamy mucus (Lung disease, 2011). Anxiousness, sweating, light headed, tachycardia or palpitations are some other general symptoms that can occur (Lung disease, 2011). Most cases pulmonary embolism is caused by a clot that breaks loose and travels to the lungs. Having clots in deep veins like in deep vein thrombosis can cause pulmonary embolism (Lung disease, 2011). More than 300,000 people are affected by pulmonary embolism each year (Lung disease, 2011). Any diseases that can form a clot in the body can lead to pulmonary embolism. Some of the factors that can increase the risk for pulmonary embolism includes, being inactive for long periods of time. This mainly happens after surgery or major illness, sitting in long flights or cars (Lung disease, 2011). As mentioned in the article of lung diseases about...
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...In America, most households have more televisions than people. Most kids and teens of this generation do more television watching than actual activities. People who binge watch television are more likely to suffer from a Pulmonary Embolism than people who don't watch as much television. A Pulmonary Embolism is a blockage in the artery that carries blood from the heart to the lungs, and is usually caused by a blood clot formed in a vein in the leg. Up to 60,000 people die as a result of a Pulmonary Embolism each year. Watching television for excessive hours a day can cause decreased study habits. If you are spending hours a day watching tv, the lack of motivation to do work and study increases. Watching excessive amounts of television also has...
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...ABTRACT Pulmonary embolism (PE) caused by blockage of one of the arteries of lungs. Usually caused by deep vein thrombosis (DVT) from upper or lower extremities. The classical clinical presentation of PE is sudden onset of pleuritic chest pain, hypoxemia, and shortness of breath. Most often patient does not display any classic symptoms. PE is one of the major concerns of short-term mortality and long-term morbidity after aesthetic surgery. The present case report describes a 42-year-old female who survived after an episode of bilateral PE after undergoing an elective abdominoplasty. A literature review was conducted to explore the prevalence, pathophysiological presentation and use of prophylactic practice among plastic surgery patient to prevent...
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...“In most cases, pulmonary embolism is caused by a blood clot in the leg that breaks loose and travels to the lungs. A blood clot in a vein close to the skin is not likely to cause problems. But having blood clots in deep veins (deep vein thrombosis) can lead to pulmonary embolism. More than 300,00 people each year have deep vein thrombosis or a pulmonary embolism. Other things can block an artery, such as tumors, air bubbles amniotic fluid, or fat that is released into the blood vessels when a bone is broken. But these are rare.”(1) Pulmonary embolism is where a blood clot travels from the leg and will block the major artery that leads to the lungs. There are two different sizes of blood clots. The smaller blood clot reduces the blood flow to...
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...Product Liability Research Paper Michelle Wright Professor Ellen Kapalko Law Ethics & Corporate Governance Yaz The Product Liability of Bayer Pharmaceuticals The Bayer Pharmaceuticals Company was founded in 1893 by Friedrich Bayer and Johann Wescott in Barmen, Germany. Bayer is known for their trademarked Bayer Aspirin which was created in 1899. Bayer spent decades marketing heroin worldwide as a cough medicine for children. The side effects of selling heroin to children were not a concern for them. Although they originated as a pharmaceutical company they turned their attention to manufacturing chemical weapons. Bayer formed a close relationship with German firms during the World War which formed the conglomerate called IG Farben. They became the largest donor to Hitler’s army. In the post-war years Bayer grew to become the third largest pharmaceutical company in the world. In the mid-1980s Bayer was one of the companies which sold a product called Factor VIII concentrate to treat haemophilia. Factor VIII turned out to be infected with HIV and in the U.S. alone; it infected thousands of haemophiliacs, many of whom died in one of the worst drug-related medical disasters ever. But it was only in 2003 that the New York Times revealed that Bayer had continued producing and selling this infected product to Asia and Latin America after February 1984 when a safe product had become available, in order to save money. Dr. Sidney M. Wolfe, who investigated...
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...and her oxygenation began to improve with saturations in the low 90’s. Upon arrival to the emergency department, TC’s vital signs were as follows: T 97.4; P 97; BP 120/95 mm Hg; RR 15 per minute; and O2 sats of 98% via NRB oxygen mask on 8L. A chest x-ray (CXR) revealed no abnormality and lungs were determined to be grossly clear. However, TC was checked for a pulmonary embolism via a pulmonary artery angiogram with IV contrast and found to have a large clot burden with a small saddle embolism. TC also complained of right ankle pain. An X-ray of her right ankle revealed a distal tib/fib fracture, which was presumed to be related to her fall during her hypoxic episode. With these findings, TC was admitted to the Intensive Care Unit of Kingman Regional Medical Center and placed on an NPO diet in preparation for placement of an inferior vena cava (IVC) filter. TC’s past medical history is rather extensive and includes the following: Lupus; Crohn’s Disease; hypertension; hypothyroidism; depression; acid reflux; diabetes; kidney disease; Multiple Sclerosis (diagnosed in 2010); history of DVT (in 2002); and multiple pulmonary emboli. Surgical history includes a complete hysterectomy, appendectomy, and a tonsillectomy. Patient has...
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...Blood vessel Case study 1. Trace blood flow from the L popliteal vein to the lungs? Left popliteal vein to Left femoral vein to external iliac vein to common iliac vein to inferior vena cava to right atrium to tricuspid valve to right ventricle to pulmonary valve to pulmonary artery to lungs. 2. What is a DVT and why is heparin prescribed? A deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a blood clot that forms in a vein deep inside the body which can lead to a serious condition. Typically, these blood clots form in your lower leg or thigh, but they can also form in other areas of the body. Heparin is an anticoagulant which will make her blood thinner and less of a risk for Jenny’s blood to clot. In Jenny’s case it will also keep her thrombus from growing in size and decrease her risk of developing more clots. 3. Explain what a PE is and why the physician is concerned that Jenny may develop this condition. A pulmonary embolism (PE) is a sudden blockage in a lung artery and is often a complication of a DVT. Which in Jenny’s case is a concern because her blood clot could break free and travel through the blood stream to the lungs and block an artery. If this was to happen and the clot was small, then Jenny could have some damage to her lungs. If the clot is large it could stop blood flow to the lungs and could cause death. 4. Jenny asks the physician if the DVT could lead to a heart attack and the physician says no. Explain why the physician is right. The physician...
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...Review Week 3 .5 to 10 um DTPA size If smaller they are exhaled and not deposited in the lungs If larger then 2-3 um they are deposited in the air way 25 to 27 mCi for DTPA When using the nebulizer system the patient is getting 5 to 10% of the dose. The biological half-life of DTPA in the lungs is typically 1 hour Stomach and the kidneys can show up on a DTPA ventilation study Trachea and the large airways can be seen on the DTPA study GAS gas imaging agents Xe133, 127Xe, 81 Krm 5.2 days, 81 keV Compartmental localization at the begging and then Passive Diffusion through membrane and is in the lungs due to its lipophilic nature No particle size of 133Xe, it is a gas It accumulates in the lungs of some patients because it is fat soluble and may accumulate in patients with fatty livers Typically a 10 to 20 mCi dose Single breath, equilibrium and Wash out Lungs sit closer to the back * Pt breaths in in only Xe133 during the single breath phase * During equilibrium the pt breaths in Xe and oxygen * During the washout phase it is only air Normal study would have a Uniform distribution What scan cause diffusely delayed 133xe washout from a normal pt lungs? Difficulty breathing though the xe133 breathing apparatus The stomach and the liver can show up on a patient with normal lungs Washout phase increases sensitivity for obstructive airway disease during the washout phase; there will be specific places where the Xe does not wash out Xe is best...
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...Warfarin (brand names Coumadin and Jantoven) is a prescription medication used to prevent harmful blood clots from forming or growing larger. Beneficial blood clots prevent or stop bleeding, but harmful blood clots can cause a heart attack, stroke, deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism. Because warfarin interferes with the formation of blood clots, it is called an anticoagulant. Many people refer to anticoagulants as “blood thinners”; however, warfarin does not thin the blood but instead causes the blood to take longer to form a clot. The client will be taught that any major change in their diet could affect how the body responds to the medication (Q&A). Foods that are rich in Vitamin K should be eaten in moderation and if there should be an increase in the consumption of Vitamin K over a week, the client should have another INR test. Foods that are rich in Vitamin K include green leafy vegetables, chick peas, liver, egg yolks, cereals containing wheat bran and oats, mature cheese, blue cheese, avocado, and olive oil (Q&A). The client will be taught that compliance while on Warfarin is very important. It is crucial to be aware of certain medications that can interact with Warfarin, to include but not limited to analgesics, antibiotics, NSAIDs, and oral diabetic agents (Nurses Pharm p. 56). Also, the client needs to be aware that herbs can also interfere with the medication. The herbs include ginseng, ginkgo, biloba, garlic, chamomile, and ginger all can affect...
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...feel that prayer can and will bring you out of your worst situations and for me it has. If I can be truly honest and reflect on what the article is saying and share some of my life situations then I will and it is a testimony at the same time. I was recently diagnosed with pulmonary embolisms, and I always considered myself a praying and God fearing woman, but when I was told that I automatically thought I was going to die it was over, and even though I could have died I did not because of my faith in God and prayer, along with my determination to not let this defeat me. They ran all kinds of test on me to where they were able to show and prove to me that this was something that I had, automatically I prayed and called family and church members and they got there prayer warriors and so on and so forth, but that bible says: “For two or more gathered in my name I am there with them”, Matthew 18-20. So power is prayer and it can and will heal if you believe and I believed and do you know after praying begging and pleading with God to give me another chance at life to raise my babies and show something different and allow me to be of service with his word that embolism disappeared and so far I am still in the clear, but I shard that to say this prayer is our way to talk to God and let him know how we are feeling even though he...
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...the DVT. He did not have an appointment to see the vascular specialist until next week. He and his wife discussed the fact that the woman who gave them the test results interpreted them as normal and that it should be safe for him to get out and run again. The patient and his wife went out for what they planned to be a three-mile run. However, two miles into the run, the patient developed severe chest pain and shortness of breath and collapsed. His wife called for help, and he was taken to the Anytown General emergency room (ER). Soon after arrival, he was pronounced expired due to an embolism. The ER physician discussed what happened with the patient’s wife and explained that he had reviewed the Doppler study they had picked up, and it clearly demonstrated that the DVT was still present. He explained that when the patient was running, the clot became mobile and migrated to the pulmonary artery. The patient’s wife explained to the ER physician that the woman who provided copies of their records interpreted the results for them and told them that the...
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...dies from a blood clot.” This is according to a health organization website which main goal is to advance prevention against life-threatening blood clots. The records of Philippine Heart Center (PHC, 2007), blood clot disease incidences occur as frequently among Asians as do among Caucasians. Blood clots can occur in many different circumstances and in many different locations of the body. Blood clots that form in response to an injury or a cut are beneficial, stopping potentially dangerous bleeding. However, a number of conditions can cause you develop blood clots in critical locations, such as your lungs and brain which requires medical attention. If it not treated, this may result into serious diseases like deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, heart failure or clot-provoked stroke. Fortunately, blood clots can be cured with a wide range of drugs and lifestyle changes. There is a new clot treatment what we called anticoagulants. Anticoagulants also known as “blood thinner” are used to slow the time it takes for a blood to clot. The history of traditional anticoagulants is marked by both perseverance and serendipity. The anticoagulant effect of heparin was discovered by McLean in 1915, while he was searching for a procoagulant in dog liver. Link identified dicumarol from spoiled sweet clover hay in 1939 as the causal agent of the sweet clover disease, a hemorrhagic disorder in cattle. Hirudin extracts from the medicinal leech were first used for parenteral anticoagulation...
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...2 Categories of Fracture Complications Early complications • Shock • fat embolism • compartment syndrome • deep vein thrombosis • thromboembolism (pulmonary embolism) • disseminated intravascular coagulopathy, and infection. Delayed complications • delayed union and nonunion • avascular necrosis of bone • reaction to internal fixation devices • complex regional pain syndrome (formerly called reflex sympathetic dystrophy) • eterotrophic ossification. SHOCK (EARLY) • Hypovolemic or traumatic shock • Results from hemorrhage (both visible and nonvisible blood loss) and from loss of extracellular fluid into damaged tissues may occur in fractures of the extremities, thorax, pelvis, or spine. • Treatment of shock consists of restoring blood volume and circulation, relieving the patient’s pain, providing adequate splinting, and protecting the patient from further injury and other complications. FAT EMBOLISM SYNDROME (EARLY) • After fracture of long bones or pelvis, multiple fractures, or crush injuries, fat emboli may develop. • At the time of fracture, fat globules may move into the blood because the marrow pressure is greater than the capillary pressure or because catecholamines elevated by the patient’s stress reaction mobilize fatty acids and promote the development of fat globules in the bloodstream. • The fat globules (emboli) occlude the small blood vessels that supply the lungs...
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...quantities that will be sold at a certain price, and the higher the price the higher the quantity supplied” (Hekla, 2012). This in turn increases revenue because with high demand, comes high supply due to wanting or needing the product. With high supply and low price, than comes high demand due to the lower price. Demands and supply for health care products and medications continues to be in high demand as products are developed. The newer the product, the higher the demand, and the higher the price. Product Lovenox is a product used to treat and prevent deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolisms. This medication is given subcutaneously by a care giver or the patient may be trained to give their own. Lovenox is also known by the generic name of Enoxaparin. Lovenox is used in the treatment of many other diagnosis such as thrombophlebitis, carotid artery dissection, peripartum cardiomyopathy, pulmonary infarction, and Factor V Leiden thrombophilia. Lovenox is a low molecular weight heparin and thins the blood to prevent clotting (MEDgle, 2012). A study conducted in 176 centers, in the United States, Canada, South America, and Europe shows the cost effectiveness of...
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...of breath for 2 weeks. She went to ER 6 days ago with fever of 100.4 ḟ. She reports a Computed Tomographic Pulmonary Angiography (CTPA), which was negative for Pulmonary Embolism (PE) but found positive for Pneumonia. Patient reports to take antibiotic started during the ER visit but has not been taking the breathing treatment at home. The patient has no known drug allergy. Patient denies postnasal drip and sneezing and no hemoptysis. Patient denies any abdominal pan, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, lower extremity swelling nor dysuria. He also denies smoking. Past Medical History is coronary artery disease with stent, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, CKD, Stage 3 (GFR 30-59), anxiety disorder, stridor 2nd to history of intubation and tracheostomy, gastric rectal bleeding with chronic anemia, major Depression – recurrent, non-alcoholic cirrhosis, obesity (BMI-30-39.9), obstructive sleep apnea and venous stasis. OBJECTIVE: PHYSICAL ASSESSMENT Ht. 5’1, Wt. 175 lbs. BMI = 33.1 VS are BP 155/69, HR= 83-97, T 37.7, RR 32, SpO2 91-93% @ 2L O2 by nasal cannula General: She appears to be calm and breathing fairly, saturating well without oxygen but once you start talking to patient, she becomes very anxious. Overweight. AOx4, comfortable, in no distress HEENT: pinkish conjunctivae, non-icteric sclera, no tonsillo-pharyngeal congestion, no lymphadenopathy Pulmonary: clear bilateral breath sound both anterior and posteriorly Cardiovascular: regular rate and rhythm w/o murmur...
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