...Pumping Iron at Cliffs & Associates The Circored Iron Ore Reduction Plant in Trinidad 09/2004-5041 This case was written by Christoph H. Loch, Professor of Technology Management at INSEAD, and Christian Terwiesch, Associate Professor of Operations Management at the Wharton School, as a basis for class discussion rather than to illustrate either effective or ineffective handling of an administrative situation. Copyright © 2002 INSEAD-Wharton, France/USA. Revised Version, copyright © 2004 INSEAD-Wharton, France/USA. N.B. PLEASE PERMISSION. NOTE THAT DETAILS OF ORDERING INSEAD CASES ARE FOUND ON THE BACK COVER. COPIES MAY NOT BE MADE WITHOUT 1 5041 “There are worse places in the world to be in December than Trinidad,” thought Ed Dowling, as he spotted the first white beaches from his seat on the Miami-Trinidad flight. “Look, Steve, we are flying close by our plant,” he said to Steve Elmquist, pointing at a significant landmark on the coastline below them (see Exhibit 1). Dowling was executive vice-president for operations at Cleveland Cliffs Inc., and Elmquist was the general manager of Cliffs and Associates Ltd. (CAL), which was co-owned by Cleveland Cliffs and Lurgi Metallurgie GmbH, the German process technology company, following a recent joint venture. Neither had said much since starting their journey some eight hours before in Cleveland, Ohio, where they had reported to the board members of Cleveland Cliffs on the status of...
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...This report contains an evaluation of the Circored Iron Reduction Plant in Trinidad. An analysis of the current processes and costs are weighed against the reality of unexpected downturn in market prices for DRI. A final proposal and recommendation for the future of the plant will be outlined. This report contains an evaluation of the Circored Iron Reduction Plant in Trinidad. An analysis of the current processes and costs are weighed against the reality of unexpected downturn in market prices for DRI. A final proposal and recommendation for the future of the plant will be outlined. The Circored Iron Ore reduction plant in trinidad The Circored Iron Ore reduction plant in trinidad Pumping iron at Cliffs & associates Pumping iron at Cliffs & associates Pumping iron at Cliffs & associates The Circored Iron Ore reduction plant in trinidad Three Year reality If the plant were to stay operational in its current capacity for the next three years, even with a likely rise in market price for DRI, the plant in Trinidad would still run tens of millions in the red (see exhibit 4). Three Year reality If the plant were to stay operational in its current capacity for the next three years, even with a likely rise in market price for DRI, the plant in Trinidad would still run tens of millions in the red (see exhibit 4). We recommend to the Board that it move forward with the $2M investment in our Trinidad HBI plant. Reflecting on the success that the CAL team...
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...Exhibit 1). Ed Dowling was executive vice president for operations at Cleveland Cliffs Inc., and Steve Elmquist was the general manager of Cliffs and Associates Ltd. (CAL), jointly owned, following a recent joint venture, by Cleveland Cliffs and the German process technology company Lurgi Metallurgie GmbH. Neither of the two had spoken much since they started their journey some eight hours ago in Cleveland, Ohio, where they had presented to the board members of Cleveland Cliffs, the status of the plant that now lay just below them. The purpose of the plant was to produce Direct Reduced Iron (DRI), a product of great importance to steel mills known as “mini-mills”. While not directly visible to the untrained observer, the plant represented a masterpiece of process engineering and technology development. It was the first commercial implementation of the Circored technology, a revolutionary approach to iron ore reduction developed by Lurgi over the previous decade. While CAL could undoubtedly pride itself on creating a scientific breakthrough that was being discussed in the steel industry around the world, the meeting in Cleveland, from which they were returning, was as remote from a celebration as the weather here in the Caribbean was from the early winter storms in Ohio. Both Elmquist and Dowling remembered the final statement that one of the board members had made before they left for the airport: “When we decided to take a crack at Circored, we were hoping to produce at a cost of...
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...Knowledge systems Knowledge Systems “Clicks” Knowledge System CLICKS CODE Ship docking for re-fit CLIPS> (Outer doors working yes) (Inner doors working yes) (Inner doors working no) (Inner doors working no) (Outer doors down-inner doors up) (Both flooding doors working yes) (Both flooding doors working no) (Both flooding doors up) (Both flooding doors down) (Does caisson float yes?) (Does caisson float no?) (Does caisson sink yes?) (Does caisson sink no?) (Caisson to float) (If yes move caisson from dock entrance then (move ship)) (If no (move ship only when yes)) (Ship in position yes) (Ship in position no) (If yes move caisson back into dock entrance then (Does caisson sink yes?)) (If yes move caisson back into dock entrance then (Does caisson sink no?)) (Does caisson sink yes?) (Does caisson sink no?) (Does caisson float yes?) (Does caisson float no?) (Caisson to sink) (Outer doors working yes) (Inner doors working yes) (Inner doors working no) (Inner doors working no) (Outer door up-inner door down) (Both flooding doors working yes) (Both flooding doors working no) (Both flooding doors down) (Outer doors working yes) (Outer doors working yes) (Inner doors working no) (Inner doors working no) (Inner door down-outer door up) CLICKS CODE Ship docking for re-fit CLIPS> (Outer doors down-inner doors up) (Outer doors working yes) (Inner doors working no) => (Doors working ok) => (Outer doors working no) ...
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...or that bottled water is any better. We avoid one and buy the other because of what our senses tell us – particularly taste and smell. See what you can find out about the water quality in New Brunswick or your hometown – look online and/or make a phone call and ask the relevant public official. You should also try contacting a bottled water company and see what kind of response you get. Describe what you can and cannot find out – and how hard or how easy it is to find it. What does your search tell you – what does it imply? The City of New Brunswick is committed to maintain our customer with high quality drinking water and information about the drinking water that we provide. The City is currently upgrading its two critical raw water pumping stations to further increase reliability and efficiency. The first phase, admired at $750,000 and approximate completion, includes the installation of variable speed drives on the two largest pumps and an improved control system. The second phase, valued at approximately $3.0 million and anticipated to be completed in 2014, includes the replacement of five pumps and screening facilities and provides for architectural improvements to maintain the...
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...Visakhapatnam Steel Plant, popularly known as Vizag Steel (Telugu: విశాఖ ఉక్కు కర్మాగారం), is the most advanced steel producer in India with the help of German and soviet technology.its products have been rated the best in the world market.80% of its income comes from the exports of steel products to japan,Germany,united states, Singapore, Dubai,Australia,south american countries and many more.the company has grown from a loss making industry to 3 billion dollar turnover company registering a growth of 203.6% in just 4 years. Vizag Steel Plant has been conferred Navratna status on 17 November 2010.[1] Founded in 1971, the company focuses on producing value-added steel, with 214,000 tonnes produced in August 2010, out of 252,000 tonnes total of salable steel produced.[2] A new company Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited (RINL) was formed on 18 February 1982. Visakhapatnam Steel Plant was separated from SAIL and RINL was made the corporate entity of Visakhapatnam Steel Plant in April 1982.[citation needed] Vizag Steel Plant is the only Indian shore-based steel plant and is situated on 19,000 acres (7,700 ha), and is poised to expand to produce up to 20 MT in a single campus. Turnover in 2011-2012 was Rs 14,457 Crores.[citation needed] On 20 May 2009 Honorable Prime Minister Manmohan Singh launched the expansion project of Visakhapatnam Steel Plant from a capacity of 3.6MT to 6.3MT at a cost of Rs. 8,692 Crores Infrastructure * Coke Ovens and Coal Chemical Plant * Sinter Plant ...
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...I. Title: The Mole II. Purpose: To determine the number of atoms on a piece of galvanized iron and approximate the thickness in atoms of the coating III. Equipment: Reagents: 10 mL graduated cylinder 6 M HCl 150 mL beaker galvanized iron Balance Crucible tongs IV. Procedure: 1. Obtain a square or rectangular piece of galvanized iron which is 2 or 3 cm on an edge. Measure its length, width, and mass as precisely as your instruments permit. Record data. 2. Place the metal in a 150 ml beaker and add about 10 mL of 6 M hydrochloric acid. When the reaction has reached the stage where only a few bubbles of gas has been removed. Rinse the metal with water and dry it well. 3. Weigh and record the mass of the iron core V. Data: VI. Calculations 1. What: The mass of zinc coating How: Subtraction Calc: 1.6815-1.6071=0.0744 g 2. What: Moles of iron How: Factor labeling Calc: 55.85 g Fe/1 x 1/1 =55.85 g Fe 3. What: Moles of zinc in coating How: factor labeling Calc: 0.0744g /1 x 1/1 4. What: Mole ratio of zinc to iron How: Moles and zinc/moles of iron Calc: 65.39/55.85= 1.170 5. What: Atoms of zinc on 2 sides How: Factor Labeling Calc: 65.39 g/1 x 6.022 10x23/1 6. What: Atoms of iron How: Factor Labeling Calc: 55.85 g/1 x 6.022 10x23/1 7. What: Ratio of zinc to iron atoms How: Ratio Calc: 5.585 10x25/ 6.539 10x25 =.8541 8. What: Mass of zinc on one side How: division Calc:...
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...THE COMPANY AT A GLANCE An introduction: Bajaj electrical Ltd., incorporated in the year 1938, is a mid cap company (having a market cap of Rs 2531.98 cr.) operating in consumer durable sector. The company expertise in lighting, consumer durables, engineering and projects, is promoted by Kamalnayan Bajaj & have its headquarter in Mumbai, Maharashtra. History: The Company was incorporated as Radio Lamp Works Limited under the Indian Companies Act, 1913 as a public company limited by shares, pursuant to a certificate of incorporation dated July 14, 1938. Subsequently the name of the Company was changed to Bajaj Electricals Limited, pursuant to a fresh certificate of incorporation dated October 1, 1960. Company’s manufacturing unit have been accredited with ISO 9001 / 9002 and ISO 14001 certifications for its quality management. Some notable projects of the company include lighting works at the Commonwealth Games stadium and the Bandra Worli Sea Link. The Company caters mainly to the needs of the Indian markets and the export turnover being 0.67% (Previous Year 0.81%) of the total turnover of the Company. There are no reportable geographical segments. All assets are located in India. Management: The company management includes: Shekhar Bajaj Harsh Vardhan Goenka Ashok Jalan V. B. Haribhakti Madhur Bajaj Chairman And Managing Director Director Director Director Director Plant: the company has manufacturing...
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...proportion to your fear of suffering. --Thomas Merton The net reaction for this first simple step is therefore: 2(Fe O2 + 2 H2O + 4 e2 Fe + O2 + 2 H2O Fe2+ + 2 e-) 4 OH2 Fe(OH)2 Iron(II) hydroxide is insoluble but its green color is almost never observed because it is ordinarily further oxidized by the oxygen: 2 Fe(OH)2 + ½ O2 + H2O → 2 Fe(OH)3 The final product (when dry) has the reddish-brown flaky character we associate with rust. Although the reaction that produces Fe(OH)2 is technically an equilibrium process (all electrochemical processes are) the value of Kc is very large (>1099 at 298 K) and left unchecked it will go to completion. But the rate is relatively slow under normal atmospheric conditions and so it is still possible to manipulate the equilibrium somewhat by changing appropriate factors. The rates of corrosion reactions--and presumably their mechanisms--vary widely. Factors which influence the progress of the net reaction in the first step of the oxidation of iron may have an effect on the overall rate. The nature of the oxide product is also very important in affecting the extent of the corrosion. For example, aluminum is a very active metal, but its oxide, Al2O3, is very dense and forms a thin protective layer on the metal which discourages further corrosion. In contrast, iron rust (hydrated forms of Fe2O3 such as reddish-brown Fe(OH)3) is typically flaky and easily crumbles off to continually expose fresh metal for reaction. Although the mechanism for corrosion...
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...J. clin. Path. (1963), 16, 12 The haemolytic activity of an iron carbohydrate complex J. FIELDING with the technical assistance of GILLIAN M. SMITH From Paddington General Hospital, London The haemolytic activity of iron-dextran complex is found to be a function of time, temperature, pH, and concentration. The lytic action is enhanced by small amounts of added ferrous sulphate. The lytic action is inhibited by chelating agents such as citrate and sequestrene salts, which bind ionic iron, but not by ferric citrate or ferric sequestrene which do not bind iron. The ionised iron content of iron-dextran is deduced. SYNOPSIS The lytic activity of iron-dextran is also inhibited by iron-dextrin and by an iron-sorbitol-citric acid preparation. It is suggested that the iron-sorbitol-citrate molecular complex contains free chelating groups for iron. The significance of these findings for iron-carbohydrate toxicity and metabolism is briefly discussed. The clinical toxicity of parenteral iron preparations, both intravenous and intramuscular, has been one of the principal problems associated with their use. The toxic manifcstations are varied in kind and tend to form a pattern of reactions characteristic in type for each iron complex. It is unlikely that a single factor is responsible for all or even most of the observed toxic reactions. Instability of the complex in plasma with possible precipitation in vivo is a likely cause in the case of the saccharated...
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...The houses vary in the same style depending on their location and social status and taste of the family. Houses of the Filipinos are usually made of wood and nipa. Later galvanized iron replaced nipa for roofing. In some towns, barrios, and cities, houses made of nipa and bamboo are still to be found. Some have sawali walls and cogon roofings. Most of the houses especially the older ones are situated high above the ground for better ventilation and reduced humidity. In the past, building a houses was fast and inexpensive. Houses were built then through the help of friends and neighbors. Today there are only few bamboo houses. Most houses are already built of strong materials like hollow blocks, wood, galvanized iron and glass windows. Modernity has not entirely changed the architecture of the Filipino houses. The batalan is stall a part of the houses in Luzon and is used as an open bathroom, a place for water jars or tapayan and a place for washing. The modern batalan is made of concrete and is still adjacent to the kitchen. The banguerahan, a storage shelf and drainer before the dish rack was introduced, is still a part of a few modern houses. The modern banguerahan is no longer enclosed with bamboo spikes but is screened. The old house of before were not painted. The present ones are painted in varied colors and built styles. The old houses were built high on the ground and the space below calle4d silong was fenced with bamboo to keep pigs, dogs, and chickens...
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...casting becomes smaller than the pattern and the mould cavity. Therefore, to compensate for this, mould and the pattern should be made larger than the casting by the amount of shrinkage. The amount of compensation for shrinkage is called the shrinkage allowance. Generally shrinkage of casting varies not only with material but also with shape, thickness, casting temperature, mould temperature, and mould strength. Therefore, it is better to determine the amount of shrinkage according to the past record obtained from many experiences. Table 1.2 shows an average amount of shrinkage for important cast metals. Table 1.2 Typical shrinkage allowances for important casting metals Type of metal Amount of shrinkage (%) Grey cast irons 0.55-1.00 White cast irons 2.10 Malleable cast irons 1.00 Steels 2.00 Manganese steel 2.60 Magnesium 1.80 Type of metal Zinc Brasses Bronzes Aluminium Aluminium alloys Tin Amount of shrinkage (%) 2.60 1.30-1.55 1.05-2.10 1.65 1.30-1.60 2.00 In practice, pattern makers use a special rule or scale, called the “pattern maker’s contraction rule”, which, after providing with necessary allowance, is slightly longer than the ordinary rule of the same length. The graduations are oversized by a proportionate amount, for example, when constructing a pattern for aluminium alloys, the pattern maker uses a contraction rule measuring...
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...Iron Solutions: Developing New Algal Growth Media for Increased Iron Uptake Andrew Sweeney U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science, Science Undergraduate Laboratory Internship (SULI) University of California San Diego Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley, California August 6, 2015 Prepared in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science, Science Undergraduate Laboratory Internship (SULI) under the direction of Dr. Nigel Quinn in the Earth Sciences Division at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. ABSTRACT This study endeavored to improve sustained productivity of mass cultivated marine microalgae by using limitation of iron, a vital micronutrient, to create a growth medium that would prevent the growth of non-predatory invasive organisms. Iron’s aqueous chemistry is quite complex, and much of this study is focused on the chemical transformations of iron chelates and iron salts in the growth medium my group developed for Nannochloropsis oculata.. This algae has been identified ,because of its high proportion of unsaturated lipids, as a promising candidate for biofuels, specialty chemicals, and protein rich animal feed. Nannochloropsis oculata. also promises to be resource efficient as the cell’s small size ,and minimal agitation requirement, minimizes the loss of inorganic carbon through escaping CO2. The cells were grown in four different media (iron free, 30uM FeEDTA, 10um ferrous sulfate,...
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...phenolphthalein were combined. A piece of paper was soaked in this mixture. 2 nails (one straight, one bent) were wrapped in the damp paper allowing space in between, then left for 10mins. After which, colors formed in the paper napkins were observed. The second part was the bimetallic corrosion. 2 iron nails were cleaned using sand paper. In one nail, copper wire was coiled around its tip. On the other, a zinc granule was attached to its tip. Another paper was soaked in the same mixture in which the nails were wrapped separately and were left for 10mins. The papers were opened and sites where pink and blue colors formed were examined. The results didn’t absolutely correspond to the objectives of this experiment due to the errors on the materials used; however, it was inferred that during the process of corrosion, the metal ions dissolve and the electrons transfer to another location where they’re taken up by oxygen. A mixture of hydrous iron oxides is then produced from the resulting hydroxide ions which react with iron (II). This mixture is what’s commonly known as rust. In the zinc granule – iron nail combination, it was found out that the zinc was oxidized faster compared with iron...
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...Stents with Nickel Titanium are non-Ferrous. This is because titanium and nickel and titanium have no iron 1310 °C. This is a metal alloy as it is made up of Nickel and Titanium. This metal is shown as a shiny, bright, silver metal. The metal can elasticise and can re shape itself to its original shape. Nickel titanium has many uses as it is used in most medical areas.NiTi is used in dentistry when braces are put on a person’s teeth because its flexibility allows it to straighten teeth. Urea Formaldehyde is a polymer as it is a thermosetting plastic 132°C Urea formaldehyde is a polymer made up from a methanal Urea formaldehyde has a high heat resistance which allows plugs to stay in the socket which lets it function longer. Also it...
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