...The many of the first few acts of rebellion were carried out in Massachusetts such as the boston tea party and many various meetings to plan the revolution. Many members of the sons of liberty were from Massachusetts too and they were very crucial in spreading patriotic sentiments all over the states. Massachusetts held a very important role in the America’s fight for independence and as such it is very easy to see the cultural and historical significance of the state. In this essay we will look at the cultural contributions, persons, and socio-economic situations of pre 20th century...
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...John Locke's contributions in Philosophy and political views are followed and practiced even to this day. Locke’s ideas influenced religion, economics, political change, theories of knowledge and the human understanding that led to governmental and social improvements. John Locke believed in political reform. John Locke is one of the most influential authors and political philosophers in history. His ideas and views have influenced such momentous commodity such as the American constitution. Many of Locke’s ideas were used in the creation of the United States Constitution. John Locke was a British philosopher and medical researcher. Locke was born to Agnes Keene and John Locke on August 29, 1632, in Somerset, England. His father was a Puritan lawyer, who served as a Captain during the English civil war. Locke’s schooling began at Westminster School in 1647. He earned the title of King’s Scholar, which prepared him for the next phase of his education at the Christ Church in Oxford in 1652. He studied literature, physical science, medicine, politics, and natural philosophy. In 1656 he continued for his Master of Arts degree. In 1665 at Oxford, Locke encountered Lord Ashley, a notable statesman looking for medical treatment. After a friendship formed, Ashley invited Locke to join him in London as his personal physician. Locke agreed and left for London in 1667, where he lived for the next eight years. This was the beginning of Locke’s deep political interests, which was...
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...Black music, from jazz to rock and roll, played an important part in the Civil Rights Movement. The songs were sung for multiple purposes and played a critical role in inspiring, activating, and giving voice to the people involved. The evolution of music during the early 1950’s and 1960’s in the Black freedom struggle reflects the evolution of the Civil Rights Movement itself. The progressive thought of the 1950s nurtured new ideas and cultures including the Civil Rights Movement and the fast spread of rock and roll. One such cultural revival occurred after the end of World War II during a time of change, prosperity and restoration. The “Puritan dicta” outlined by Baldwin represents the American ideology before the Second World War. As the first settlers of this nation, the Puritans set the mold for many common American ideologies. In the Puritan view white represented good and black represented evil, including Africans and their culture. After the war, Baldwin states that the former puritanical views of whites will be challenged. Musicians such as Elvis Presley were the first to issue this challenge to white society. Early rockers like Elvis would pave the way for social commentary in music that would add much fire to the Civil Rights Movement. To fully understand the explosion of popularity of Black music in the years following World War II, one must understand the social conditions in which Blacks and Whites lived in the South. An article entitled “Not Just the Same Old...
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...individual responsible for the idea of natural rights as well as the social compact, helped mold this idea of Liberalism into its own unique philosophical tradition. Because of these great contributions, John Locke is considered as father of modern liberalism. Born August 29, 1632 at Wrington in Somerset, John Locke was the son of a lawyer and the oldest child of his Puritan household (Locke, Berkeley, Hume). While Locke was a child, his father closely monitored and guided his education. An incredibly educated individual, Locke first received a formal education at Westminster School eventually graduating to Christ Church, Oxford (Collinson). After receiving his bachelors of arts in 1656, Locke stayed at Oxford to earn his master’s degree. Locke became the censor of moral philosophy in 1664 and in 1675 when the Earl of Shaftesbury fell from power; Locke exiled himself to France to restore his health (Locke, Berkeley, Hume). After four years away, Locke returned to England and less than four years later he would once again seek refuge in a foreign country. In 1683 Locke fled England this time for Holland. Once in Holland, Locke, under an assumed name, worked feverishly on his Essay. In 1689 Locke finally returned to his native country of England and a year later published not only the Essay but also his Two Treatises on Civil...
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...Leadership Scholar Digest David McClelland is a world renowned academic, scholar, and author of psychological behavior and motivation theory with over a dozen books and articles to his credit. This essay will make no attempt at enumerating or discussing all of Dr. McClelland’s contributions to the scientific community; rather my intent is to present a critique of his conceptualization of leadership, outline his theoretical grounding, and discuss the key features of his theories. Contributions McClelland’s contributions to leadership are centered on human motivation and how these motivations affect people in the managerial context. In 1961, he published “The Achieving Society” in which he identified three motivators that were common to everyone in varying degrees: 1) Achievement 2) Power 3) Affiliation (McClelland, 1977) According to McClelland, each of these motivators exists to varying degrees in each of us, and are learned, or socially developed. Individual action is to a significant degree driven by the combination of these attributes. In “The Achieve Society”, McClelland point out that in most cases people aren’t normally aware of what drives them, despite the fact that the combination of these motivators significantly impacts how they work with others and the types of roles that best suites them (McClelland, 1961). Achievement Achievement oriented people are driven to master complex challenges, to overcome goals, find solutions, and they enjoy positive...
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...John Adams John Adams was the second President of the United States of America prior to serving as the first Vice President. He is known as one of the Founding Fathers and diplomat leading America to Independence from Great Britain. Adams was a well educated man who promoted republicanism and a strong central government. Though now known as Quincy, Massachusetts, President Adams was born in Braintree, Massachusetts on October 30, 1735. Adams’ mother, Susanna Boylston Adams, was a descendant of the Boylstons of Brookline, a well known family in the Massachusetts Colony Bay area. Adams’ father, Deacon John Adams Senior, a farmer, and town councilman, came from a Puritan family who emigrated from England in 1638. John had two younger brothers,...
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...English Department University of Heidelberg HS Literature: Science and Religion Instructor: Dr. Prof. Jan Stievermann WS 11/12 Jonathan Edwards: The Theory of Conversion and His Disposition towards Science Angela Abram Am Güterbahnhof 26, 69181 Leimen angeljoy89@yahoo.com English philology, semester: 5 Matriculation number: 2828314 April 9th, 2012 1. Introduction 3 2. Jonathan Edwards 4 2.1. His Life and Calling 2.2. The Conversion Experience 6 3. Edward’s Disposition towards Science 10 3.1. Science as a Way to Know God 3.2. Book of Nature vs. Book of God 13 4. Is Empiricism Important? 14 5. Jonathan Edwards: A Scientist and Christian 18 6. Conclusion 21 Bibliography 23 Honor Pledge 24 1. Introduction Throughout the centuries the relationship between science and religion has been at times harmonious and at other times at odds with each other. Even today we still find many religious groups who see science as a threat to their belief system. Among these groups are Evangelical Christians. We hear of concerned mothers protesting against the teaching of evolution in front schools, pastors warning their congregation about the dangers of science and many more instances of believer trying to “fight against” scientific findings that are not compatible with the word of God. However, a closer look reveals that there...
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...Marriage and Divorce and the Way They Impact Women There are a lot of factors that contribute to the reason why divorce has increased in the last twenty years. Some argue financial difficulty, serious illness, career failure, job loss, or even midlife crisis. Rarely does a person hear the possibility that it is because women have become more independent. A woman’s role in today’s marriage has changed drastically from the past. Women are evolving into being more independent outside the marriage. Women now have the same rights as men; therefore, they have more independence and impacts the way they view marriage and divorce. At the turn of the 20th century, if women found they were not happy in their marriage, they began to explore other options. Women decided that divorce was a viable option in order to get out of an unhappy marriage; consequently, the number of divorces grew. No matter how independent women have become, there is still inequality that puts men in front of women when divorce is involved. Women that choose divorce seem to suffer more financially because the workforce still pays men more than women in most careers. Women who opt for divorce and have children run a higher chance of poverty due to lower income compounded by the need to pay for childcare. In a situation where the husband’s income is relied upon, a no fault divorce can contribute to a woman’s struggle after divorce. Often after divorce women are poverty stricken. Men may be required to pay alimony...
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...University and received both his Masters and Ph.D. in History in American Civilization. From 1960 to 1963 and also from 1965 to 1966 he was an assistant professor and later from 1966 to 1968 he became an Associate professor at Brigham Young University. After he finished his work at Brigham he went to work as a Professor at Boston University from 1968 to 1977. From 1977 to 1985 he worked as a Professor at the University of Delaware and then from 1989 to 1991 he worked at Columbia University as a Professor. Over these years he wrote many books, such as, From Puritan to Yankee: Character and the Social Order in Connecticut, 1690-1765, Joseph Smith and the Beginnings of Mormonism, Kind and People in Provincial Massachusetts, The Refinement of America: Persons, Houses, and Cities, Believing history: Latter-day Saints Essay, and his most popular being Joseph Smith: Rough Stone Rolling.He has received many awards for both his contributions to academia and achievements as a historian and a writer, he received many awards the following are some of his most important; Interdisciplinary Fellow in History and Psychology from the Brown University, Bancroft Prize in 1968, and the American Council of Learned Societies Fellowship. Joseph Smith, Jr. was an American born, self-proclaimed Prophet and a founder of a religious movement, of the Church of Jesus Christ of The Latter Day Saints, nicknamed Mormonism, an author and a publisher of the Book of Mormon, a visionary and a leader. He was born on December...
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...“Independent Project submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree BA (Hons) History, in the Department of History and Economic History, Manchester Metropolitan University”, 29 March 2014 Cultural Changes and the Growth of Christianity in Medieval and Early Modern England By Janine Scambler I certify that, apart from the guidance provided by my supervisor and the references cited in the text and bibliography, this dissertation is the sole work of Janine Scambler and has not been previously submitted as part of the assessment requirements for any academic reward. Signed: Contents Abstract 3 Introduction 4 Chapter 1: Visual Culture 8 Chapter 2: Ancient Practices 21 Chapter 3: Beliefs and Superstition 30 Conclusion 41 Bibliography 43 Appendix 56 Abstract This dissertation will demonstrate cultural changes in England through the period c.700-1660. The changes studied will focus on visual sources, or visual culture; ancient practices, or festivals and the cult of saints; and superstition and belief. It will show how changes occurred around political and religious change, and that different areas were affected by different factors. Introduction This dissertation will assess the extent to which ancient beliefs and practices survived the introduction of Christianity and their subsequent development in England. This will be achieved through the study of visual culture; the survival of ancient practices; and an investigation...
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...PREFACE This major project examines the indispensable desiderata of Transcendentalism in comparison to the Dark Romantics background and how these technicalities prepare this work of art as an influential synthesis of human imagination incorporated with mystic facts. Transcendentalism and Dark Romanticism were two literary movements that occurred in America during roughly the same time period (1840—1860). Although the two had surface similarities, such as their reverence for Nature, their founding beliefs were quite different, enough to make one seem almost the antithesis of each other. Moreover one’s genesis is ventured out from other; i.e. Dark Romanticism from the roots of Transcendentalism or precisely the lacunae are best determined for raising up the term called Dark Romanticism. Contents S. No. Page no. Chapter 1.........................................................................................................4-14 Chapter 2.........................................................................................................15-23. Chapter 3..........................................................................................................24-27 Resolution.........................................................................................................28-29 Work Cited................................................................
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...Министерство образования и науки Республики Казахстан Кокшетауский государственный университет им. Ш. Уалиханова An Outline of British Literature (from tradition to post modernism) Кокшетау 2011 УДК 802.0 – 5:20 ББК 81:432.1-923 № 39 Рекомендовано к печати кафедрой английского языка и МП КГУ им. Ш. Уалиханова, Ученым Советом филологического факультета КГУ им. Ш. Уалиханова, УМС КГУ им. Ш. Уалиханова. Рецензенты: Баяндина С.Ж. доктор филологических наук, профессор, декан филологического факультета КГУ им. Ш. Уалиханова Батаева Ф.А. кандидат филологических наук, доцент кафедры «Переводческое дело» Кокшетауского университета им. А. Мырзахметова Кожанова К.Т. преподаватель английского языка кафедры гуманитарного цикла ИПК и ПРО Акмолинской области An Outline of British Literature from tradition to post modernism (on specialties 050119 – “Foreign Language: Two Foreign Languages”, 050205 – “Foreign Philology” and 050207 – “Translation”): Учебное пособие / Сост. Немченко Н.Ф. – Кокшетау: Типография КГУ им. Ш. Уалиханова, 2010 – 170 с. ISBN 9965-19-350-9 Пособие представляет собой краткие очерки, характеризующие английскую литературу Великобритании, ее основные направления и тенденции. Все известные направления в литературе иллюстрированы примерами жизни и творчества авторов, вошедших в мировую литературу благодаря...
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...Why and What Do We Compare? The Story of Revolution and Democratization Mehrzad Boroujerdi, Syracuse University Introduction The field of comparative politics starts with the assumption that knowledge in the social sciences must proceed by way of the search for comparisons, or what has been called "suggestive contrasts." Scholars of comparative politics compare in order to discover similarities and explain differences. As infrequent and highly complex events, revolutions have attracted a great deal of attention from comparativists. In this article, we will address the following topics: • The Concept of Revolution • Why Revolutions Happen? • Can Revolutions be Predicted? • What Do Revolutions Accomplish? • What Are some of the Failures of Revolutions? • Comparing Characteristics and Outcomes of Some Revolutions • Questions The Concept of Revolution: According to the American philosopher Richard Rorty "revolution," like such other words as "reason," "democracy," and "socialism" is a "thick word" which can be contrasted with such "thin words" as truth, dialogue, and justice. How do we define a "revolution?" How are revolutions distinct from other forms of political change such as Coup d'état, rebellion, mutiny, insurrection, or uprising? All of the above nouns may denote acts of violence aimed at changing or overthrowing an existing order or authority. However, there are important legal and political differences among them as well. ...
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...existed For some, the new park would prior to the rise of the city. For increase adjacent property values urban environmental historians, and provide a leisure ground for though, there are two serious probrides in well-appointed carriages. lems with viewing the park in this way. Most of the city elite, though, First, Central Park is not nearly as offered less self-serving argunatural as it may appear. Far from ments, at least publicly. A large predating the rise of Manhattan, green space would not only cleanse the landscape is very much a product the air of dangerous smoke and of the mid nineteenth-century city. miasmas, it would convince the As such, Manhattan’s “front lawn” overworked sons and daughters of can be read as a primary source, a Puritans to leave their homes and unique window on Victorian views offices, get out in the sunshine and of nature as well as the politics of fresh air, and indulge in healthclass, ethnicity, gender, race, and giving leisure. Even more, the park neighborhood. The second probwould draw workers and immilem is that the surrounding city of grants away from “dissipating” Manhattan is not nearly as artificial and “uncivilized” leisure practices,...
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...WHAT IS NOVEL? A Novel is prose narrative of considerable length and some complexity that deals imaginatively (fictional) with human experiences (near to life) through a connected sequence of events involving a group of persons in a specific setting. Previously it was known as fictional narrative or narrative prose. ( A Narrative opens “in media res”. This means it opens usually with the hero at his lowest point “in the middle of things”, earlier portions of the story appear later as flashbacks..) Main characterstics of novels are theme, plot or setting, structure, action or events in a sequence, strong characterization and expressive language. The genre of extended prose fiction or narrative fictional prose i.e. novel is rooted in the tradition of medieval "romances" or the heroic romance in prose. The term ‘roman or romance’ linked fictions back to the histories that had appeared in the Romance language of 11th and 12th-century southern France. The typical Arthurian romance became a fashion in the late 12th century. The unexpected and peculiar adventures surprised the audience in romances like Sir Gawain and the Green Knight (c. 1380).The romance had become a stable generic term by the beginning of the 13th century, as in the Roman de la Rose (c. 1230), famous today in English through Geoffrey Chaucer's late 14th-century translation. Chaucer's Troilus and Criseyde (1380–87) is a late example of this European fashion. Prose narrators wrote narrative patterns as employed...
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