...Individual Policing Functions Paper Monica Robinson University of Phoenix CJA/394 Individual Policing Functions Paper Policing has come a long way from the way it was decades ago. It has changed for the better even through there is still some room for more improvement. In policing today there are more officers, detectives, and other officials accounted for then there was in the past. Having all of these individuals within the criminal system, it has shape the government to provide better protection for its people. In policing in past and now in the present there are many different perspectives of policing functions. These functions stem from different levels of law enforcement which includes the local, state, and federal organizational levels. These are very important parts of the criminal justice system, because every individual within these levels must be sure to protect citizens, enforce law, and perform the duties that are required of them in order to keep the United States safe from criminals and terrorist attacks from other foreign countries that might try to attack the United States. As years have passed on within policing, there are many possible future changes that will have an effect in the field of policing. Within each level of policing there are many different roles in which every individual in the policing field must take part in if they are going to be on the law enforcement team. I say this because this is a very serious 24/7 operation...
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...The United States has a very strong and lengthy history in regards to the policing system. This system of rules is required to maintain a sense of normalcy that can be viewed as being free from harm in the communities. Policing overtime has proven to be effective after years of improvements and changes. Policing can be dated as far back as 1066. During this time American law enforcement was inherited much of how Great Britain. The communities were based on their behaviors and moral other than their criminal problems. According to (Grant & Terry, 2012) Sir Robert Peel found a way to create London Metropolitan Police system. He created what was lacking in the discipline of England. His envisions help shape the policing of modern day (Walker-Katz, 2008). He made an impact on the practice of policing that will for be used for centuries to come. The first Europeans had to establish a way to protect themselves and with that they established policing. This responsibility was left up to the well and able bodied men and boys at that time (Sabath). During this time policing took on two forms informal and communal, which was called “The Big Stick” (Spitzer, 1979). The informal policing consisted of private citizens and English counterparts The community or communal policing also had a great effective on the method of policing during that time. A system referred to as the watch system was developed by community volunteers that would warn if danger occurred. Many different cities participated...
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...Assignment – Police Organization Jaime A. Diaz CJS/210 November 10, 2013 Professor Ronald Rucker Police Organization The United States has a complex law enforcement system due to the fact that there are various levels of policing agencies. In this paper I will be discussing the different types of police agencies at the local, state, and federal level. I will be emphasizing on how each one is structured and organized. I will also identify and elaborate on the principal roles, and functions of police organizations, and how they relate to the law. Local Police In most states throughout the country there are many different police agencies that are in cities, counties, and towns. Local law enforcement officers have different responsibilities compared to their state and federal counterparts. They mainly do their patrols within local areas, and areas that are in their jurisdiction. Local police are typically the first ones to arrive at a crime scene or an emergency call. Local officers provide more of a community service to the public. One of many duties they perform can consist from traffic control to maintaining court safety. Local police serve as the first line of law within these cities and towns, and work hand in hand with the community. State Police The duties that the state police provide are very different then federal and local police. Their organization structure is formed under different guidelines from the population of the state. Also the types of available...
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...Introduction: Policing today has proven to be effective after years of improvements and changes. This paper will discuss the significant features in history in Japan and the United States. There are many types of police operations. Policing in general has a wide range of different kinds of strategies and areas. I will discuss the development of both policing styles as well as how implementation can affect both countries. Japan: Japan is known for it low crime rate and its unique policing styles and homogeneous society. Sam Bacca, Chief of Police in Albuquerque New Mexico stated, “This is police paradise”, while he was visiting Japan. (Rebenfien, 1989) “Every law enforcement officer would love to have a community like this”, he continued. (Rebenfien, 1989) Chief Baca and many others offers came to Japan to observe their police system and bring those ideas back to their community. The Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications, Statistics Bureau, Director-General for Policy Planning and Statistical Research and Training Institute reports Japan's total population in 2011 was 127.80 million and total density measured 343 persons per square kilometer in 2010. Japan has endured many trial and tribulations has a country, having to rebuild after wars and conflict. During the fourteen century short lived imperial rulers, followed by a new government established by the Ashikaja family, lasting for two centuries. (Sccnet, 1998) This was a time of great prosperity...
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...Abstract Terrorism is a very complex term to define, and means different things to different people depending on the person you ask. For the purpose of this assignment the author will use the following definition for the term terrorism which is when individuals or groups/organizations use illicit force/violence or the threat of force/violence in an attempt to progress their personal or organization’s objectives with the government. There are multiple forms of terrorism including international and domestic. The author will analyze domestic terrorism, why in recent years there has been an increase in domestic terrorism, and how domestic terrorism has impacted the criminal justice system in America. Domestic and Foreign Terrorist...
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...The Chicago Alternative Policing Strategy The City of Chicago challenged for many decades with issue of preventing crimes. In spring of 1993, Chicago instigated new alternative community-based policing strategy (CAPS). The main purpose of this program to transform policing efforts into an efficient five-step process for law-enforcement, and the main goal to solve neighborhood crime problems rather than purely respond to indicative occurrences of crime. Rogers Park, Morgan Park, Austin, Marquette, and Englewood were the first locations of the CAPS Program. Their crime problems, economics, demographics, and their levels of community organization determined the reasons these locations chosen. In early 1994, the other 20 districts of Chicago were participants of the CAPS Program. Outreaching is always a very important goal when there is a merger of organizations. In this case, it is collaboration between a community and Chicago Police department agencies. The benefits of incorporating this idea included the sharing of information, and increase trust between parties that were involved or mainly worked together to prevent crimes from taking place. One key point that made the CAPS a unique program is that it places the community, the police, and other city agencies on the same sheet of music in protects their neighborhoods against crime. In law enforcement it is always better to be proactive than reactive, and developing additional support always gives law enforcement officers...
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...while allowing the states to set laws and uphold and enforce them. The court system is designed to carry out certain functions and responsibility to create a balancing power between them. INTRODUCTION The Constitution holds the grounds and forms a base for power to be distributed equal by Congress and gives the standard that all people will adhere and live by. The Constitution also protects our rights from being violated by the Justice System. The police, courts and corrections serve for mandating the law, upholding the law and carrying out sentencing for the law. These three branches are important and the functions that they fill serve the purpose of the Constitution. THE THREE BRANCHES OF THE CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM Policing and the law has been around since the sixteenth hundred eras and King Louis XIV started law enforcement in Paris-France and has changed how it functions and operates over decades but giving us the foundation of law enforcement and the justice system we have today. When establishing the newly founded North America of the United States and as it was starting to form colonies law was needed to enforce and maintain order. The Founding Fathers took and enhance the European law and wrote the Constitution to give power to the states to form and make laws for the criminal justice system and while the federal government is more concern with national law most crimes were committed throughout the states. Policing is concerned with...
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...The Future of Policing Christina Johnson CJS/210 September 14, 2014 Ronald Rucker University of Phoenix Policing in the United States has changed dramatically since it was first brought to the thirteen colonies from England. However, some of the issues faced then are being faced in policing today. There are also new trends that are prevalent, and these trends will continue to have lasting effects on the future of policing. Even though new trends improve policing overall, they can also cause more serious issues. It is crucial to continue making changes topolicing because it allows law enforcement officers to keep up with the rest of society, including the knowledge of new crime trends. This paper will describe the current trends and issues in policing and analyze possible solutions to improve policing tactics. One trend currently affecting policing is police-community relations. There is a strong emphasis now on community policing, which promotes trust and better relationships between police officers and community members, and less on the militaristic style (Stephens, 2005). Improving police-community relations not only accents the importance of diversity, but it reduces prejudice and discrimination by officers. Community policing helps build trust between the police and community members by relying on citizens to help fight crime. Hence, it is a type of proactive policing (Walker & Katz, 2011). By relying on citizens, police officers have a better chance at preventing...
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...ce historyRunning Head: Police History Paper Title Page: Police History Paper Ruby Riley Instructor: Miriam Moore University of Phoenix Abstract: 1). Describe the impact of Sir Robert Peel on American policing. 2). Analyze the relationship between the U.S. Government and the policing organizations throughout the United States. 3). Explain how this relationship may affect Police Practices. 1. Describe the impact of Sir Robert Peel on American policing? - The English statesman Sir Robert Peel (1788-1850) served as prime minister during 1834-1835 and 1841-1846. He played an important role in modernizing the British government’s social and economic and sponsored the repeal of the Corn Laws in 1846. Sir Roberts Peel was in the great tradition of the 19th-century administrative reformers. Though not a doctrinaire, he drew on the most advanced thinking of his day in his reform of British criminal law, the prisons, the police, and fiscal and economic policies. By making government a positive instrument in social reform and by his pragmatic approach to social and political problems, Peel also made an important contribution to shaping the philosophy of the modern conservative party. Despite the fact that his repeal of the Corn Laws broke his party, Peelite traditions lingered on. Peelites such as William Gladstone also carried these traditions into the Liberal party. Sir Roberts and his efforts have lasted through out times, trials, and many difficulties in Sir Roberts Peel’s...
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...Policing Function Susan Kinkead CJA 394 April 20, 2013 Michael S. Hudson Policing Function The policing functions vary between the levels, in law enforcement. The levels include the local, state, and federal police functions. Local, state, and federal vary because each observes a variety of functions in their jurisdiction that has been assigned to them. Discussion of police functions as well their viewpoint and the possibility of future changes in laws that will influence law enforcements. The police function in various attributes to protect, and serve the people; the policing functions existent through various organizations to continue protecting, and serving the people, and the nation. The employment of racial and ethnic minority officers increased slowly but steadily as well as hiring women for the force, they are on the frontline not just handling juveniles and woman prisoners. The law enforcement functions are better with the increase of officers, this give them the help they all need. The law enforcement agencies are starting to recruit college students; this includes all the law enforcement agencies. There are many roles in which local law enforcement agencies take part in everyday (Gil, 2009). The local law enforcement agencies are in place to provide routine patrol of the communities within their jurisdictions provide emergency services, maintain records, uphold traffic enforcement laws, conduct criminal investigations, planning and analysis, maintain...
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...This paper will explain a brief history of the background of the police agencies and their jurisdiction concerning local, state, and federal law enforcement. Each falls under the jurisdiction of the Department of Homeland Security. This paper will also cover a brief overview of each department’s responsibilities in regards their primary purpose. The historical history of police agencies was organized in the Western world. During this time, colonists used the English style of policing. The large extent of American Policing was formed by the British Model. Except for the military intervention, law enforcement was not organized until close to year 1200. When an individual committed a crime and was indentified, an organized posse pursued him or her. The posse was led by a shire reeve (county leader) or by a mounted officer (Schmalleger, "Chapter 5: Policing: History and Structure," 2011). The words sheriff and constable originated from these early terms. Early policing relied on bailiffs or watchmen. Bailiffs were in charge of looking for suspicious activities. Bailiffs also handle any issues, which created both a night watch and day ward. In 1829 Sir Robert Peel created the first modern police agency in London called the Metropolitan Police Act of 1829. Sir Robert Peel created the London police force because he wanted to provide citizens with real policing. He believed that prevention of crime could be possible without intruding into the lives of the citizens. The Metropolitan...
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...Connor Inc. | Ethnicity and the Police | Public Opinion of Police By Different Ethnic Groups | | Patricia Connor | 11/19/2012 | The purpose of this study is to provide the reader with an overview on the public image of the police based on race. An in depth analysis is designed to provide the public, the police, and agencies alike the deliverables necessary to provide high quality of service. | Ethnicity and the Police Ethnicity and the Police The public opinion of police tends to fluctuate over time and may vary among different ethnic groups and communities at any given time. The events, factors, and forces that affect this opinion are numerous. Thus, leaving the public opinion of the police a slippery task to measure. With that being said, many perceptions of the police exist. These perceptions range from police misconduct to police corruption. However, for the purposes of this article, one will examine the perceptions of police misconduct in the United States and the factors that influence these perceptions. Through research, one was able to determine that citizens believe there are four types of police misconduct – verbal abuse, excessive force, unwarranted stops, and corruptions. However, to save on time, one will The public opinion of police tends to fluctuate over time and may vary among different ethnic groups and communities at any given time. The events, factors, and forces that affect this opinion are numerous. Thus, leaving the public opinion...
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...Police History Paper Detric Lester CJA/214 April 28, 2013 Professor Shawn R. Kehoe, MPA Throughout the course of history, American policing has been influenced heavily by the English system. England and Colonial American citizens were both responsible for law enforcement in the early stages of development in their communities. The history of policing has changed progressively over the years. In the legal system law enforcement systems evolved over a period of time causing major differences in the titles, responsibilities and credentials of police officer. The historical development of police history time line began during the Early 1630’s when Colonial America early constables and sheriffs were concerned about the behaviors of the community-approved religious attendance and the appropriate restraint of farm animals, they served court papers for a fee. In the early 1840’s Metropolitan America in New York the first full time preventive force was established, with each district having its own authority. Each ward had a separate patrol and citizens were chosen by Aldermen to be officers. Frontier America territory became a state by the early 1840’s, then sheriffs and marshals were elected in the towns and counties. New entrepreneurs elected to reduce violent crime to keep their business thriving and their town’s reputation clean. By the early 1920’s police professionalism characteristic were policies focused on law enforcement and crime control, and social service elements...
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...of new recruits willing to “serve and protect” new economic opportunity arose for the private sector to fill in the gap. I will attempt to cover the legal, ethical, managerial, economic issues, evaluate the daily practices of both professions, and what the future may hold for them. (Stephens, 2009). In comparison, private policing is more adapt at the protection of personal and corporate interests whereas public police is more concerned and equipped to enforce the regulations of the judicial system and interest of the public. Described as passive policing, private policing is more proactive rather than reactive in its crime prevention efforts. The opposite to what public policing provides, which is more reactive in nature thank private policing. Position requirements for private policing vary and depend on the type of work to perform and state laws. There are few at best, statutes or laws, giving the private security industry any form of governmentally granted rights or powers to legitimize its existence. (Stephens, 2009). The high standards required by public policing is not regulated, accreditation is voluntary. Diminishing funding at the federal, state, and municipal levels has caused these entities to reduce costs to the point of hiring private security over the use of public law enforcement. Both public and private law enforce officials share roles of authority for incidents occurring within their jurisdiction. The selection process is very...
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