...Push strategy • Applied to that portion of the supply chain where demand uncertainty is relatively small • Production & distribution decisions are based on long term forecasts • Based on past orders received from retailer's warehouse (may lead to Bullwhip effect) • Inability to meet changing demand patterns • Large and variable production batches • Unacceptable service levels • Excessive inventories due to the need for large safety stocks A “push” promotional strategy makes use of a company's sales force and trade promotion activities to create consumer demand for a product. The producer promotes the product to wholesalers, the wholesalers promote it to retailers, and the retailers promote it to consumers. The push technique can work particularly well for lower value items such as fast moving consumer goods (FMCGs), when customers are standing at the shelf ready to drop an item into their baskets and are ready to make their decision on the spot. promotional techniques such as encouraging retailers to stock your product, designing point of sale materials or even selling face to face. New businesses often adopt a push strategy for their products in order to generate exposure and a retail channel. no consumer demand in the product launch. the product and the information are "pushed" to the consumer by distribution and promotion Pull strategy • Applied to that portion of the supply chain where demand uncertainty is high • Production and distribution are...
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...A push promotional strategy involves taking the product directly to the customer via whatever means, ensuring the customer is aware of your brand at the point of purchase. "Taking the product to the customer" EXAMPLES OF PUSH TACTICS * Trade show promotions to encourage retailer demand * Direct selling to customers in showrooms or face to face * Negotiation with retailers to stock your product * Efficient supply chain allowing retailers an efficient supply * Packaging design to encourage purchase * Point of sale displays 2. PULL STRATEGY A pull strategy involves motivating customers to seek out your brand in an active process. "Getting the customer to come to you" EXAMPLES OF PULL TACTICS * Advertising and mass media promotion * Word of mouth referrals * Customer relationship management * Sales promotions and discounts The origin of these two terms refers to the supply chain and how the demand for the product is generated. The term 'push strategy' describes the work a manufacturer of a product needs to perform to get the product to the customer. This may involve setting up distribution channels and persuading middle men and retailers to stock your product. The push technique can work particularly well for lower value items such as fast moving consumer goods (FMCGs), when customers are standing at the shelf ready to drop an item into their baskets and are ready to make their decision on the spot. This term now broadly encompasses most direct promotional...
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...The push strategy is a promotion strategy that ‘pushes’ the message from a manufacturer towards resellers. These resellers will then push that message onwards as it communicates with the target consumers. It may involve using promotion mix such as the personal selling and trade promotion, and to push the product through different channels. The pull strategy is a promotion strategy that ‘pulls’ or 'draws' the attention of the target consumers. In a pull strategy, manufacturers usually use a promotion mix such as advertising and consumer promotions to induce final target consumers to buy the product. Consumers realize their needs from advertising and then seek the product from resellers; the resellers will then be ‘pulled’ to the manufacturer to order that products to satisfy their consumers’ needs. In the international market, no matter the company chooses push or pull strategy, it has depends on three factors which are the availability of advertising media, channel length and its level of control over distribution channels. Companies may be more inclined to adopt the pull strategy in countries with vast available media, because heavy advertising can attract and pull end users, and also it can speed up the adoption rate in new markets. Channel length also is another consideration. In some countries such as Japan which have long channels, so pull strategy is advisable by aiming the promotion directly at the end users. In most of cases, because of gaining overseas intermediaries’...
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...supply chain, production and manufacturing portion of it. This report lists the typical characteristics of the below mentioned strategies by considering a product and see how the strategy has been implemented. They are: ▪ Push Strategy ▪ Pull Strategy ▪ Push-Pull Strategy ▪ Pull-Push Strategy Push Strategy: In Push based Supply Chain Strategy, ▪ Production and Distribution strategies are based on long term forecasts. ▪ Manufacturers depend on demand forecasts and orders given by the retailers. ▪ Products are known to the customer and so the demand is moderately constant. Product Considered: Generally the FMCG products follow this type of strategy. Consider Rice, Staple food of Countries like India. The production is moderately constant by all the farmers and is season based. They don’t consider demand for production decisions and the production is continuous. Continuous production takes place the product is released in to the market. In this case, the manufacturers fail to meet the huge demand variations of the market and this may result in excessive inventories and increased transportation costs. It also much longer time for them to react to the changing market place. Pull Strategy: In this Pull- based Supply Chain strategy, ▪ Production and Distribution are demand driven so that they are coordinated with customer demand rather than...
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...Hemingtar Bryanway Push/Pull Workout Monday (Heavy Pull) A1. Dead Lifts, 8 sets of 3 A2. Supported DB Curls (lean against one of the posts on the power rack so that the post sits flat against your entire spine and back of your head — it prevents you from cheating), 8 x 3 B1. Weighted Pull-Ups (full extension, of course), 8 x 3 B2. Straight-Leg Deadlifts, 8 x 3 C. Serratus Crunch, 3-4 x 8-10 Tuesday (Heavy Push) A1. Front Squats (start with the bar at the bottom of your range of motion, i.e., you duck-walk under the bar, get in position, and lift up), 8 x 3 A2. Smith Machine Bench Press (wide grip, bringing the bar to the neck, just below the chin, Vince Gironda Style), 8 x 3. (I know, I know, it's the freakin' Smith Machine, but it allows you to bring the bar to your neck with some degree of safety, which makes benching a good chest/mediocre triceps movement instead of just a good triceps/mediocre chest movement). B1. Standing Overhead Presses, 8 x 3 B2. A2. Dips (forearm touches biceps in the down position), 8 x 3 C. Leg Press Calf Extensions, 3-4 x 8-10 Thursday ((Light/Moderate Pull) A1. Romanian Dead Lifts 5x5 A2. Reverse-Grip EZ Curls 5x5 B1. Barbell or Dumbbell Rows 5x5 B2. Leg Curls 5x5 C. Unilateral DB Shrugs, (one side at a time) 6x6 D. Rear Delt Flyes 6x6 E. Cable Crunches, 3-4 x 8-10 Friday (Light/Moderate Push) A. Leg Press, 5x5 B1. Bulgarian Squats 5x5 B2. DB Floor Presses (keep elbows tucked to emphasize triceps) 5x5 | C1. DB Flyes...
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..."Push or Pull"? Marketing theory distinguishes between two main kinds of promotional strategy - "push" and "pull". Push A “push” promotional strategy makes use of a company's sales force and trade promotion activities to create consumer demand for a product. The producer promotes the product to wholesalers, the wholesalers promote it to retailers, and the retailers promote it to consumers. A good example of "push" selling is mobile phones, where the major handset manufacturers such as Nokia promote their products via retailers such as Carphone Warehouse. Personal selling and trade promotions are often the most effective promotional tools for companies such as Nokia - for example offering subsidies on the handsets to encourage retailers to sell higher volumes. A "push" strategy tries to sell directly to the consumer, bypassing other distribution channels (e.g. selling insurance or holidays directly). With this type of strategy, consumer promotions and advertising are the most likely promotional tools. Pull A “pull” selling strategy is one that requires high spending on advertising and consumer promotion to build up consumer demand for a product. If the strategy is successful, consumers will ask their retailers for the product, the retailers will ask the wholesalers, and the wholesalers will ask the producers. A good example of a pull is the heavy advertising and promotion of children's’ toys – mainly on television. Consider the recent BBC promotional campaign for its...
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...com/difference-between-push-pull-marketing-31806.html Push Marketing Push marketing is a promotional strategy where businesses attempt to take their products to the customers. The term push stems from the idea that marketers are attempting to push their products at consumers. Common sales tactics include trying to sell merchandise directly to customers via company showrooms and negotiating with retailers to sell their products for them, or set up point-of-sale displays. Often, these retailers will receive special sales incentives in exchange for this increased visibility. Example of Push Marketing One common example of push marketing can be seen in department stores that sell fragrance lines. The manufacturing brand of the fragrance will often offer sales incentives to the department stores for pushing its products onto customers. This tactic can be especially beneficial for new brands that aren't well-established or for new lines within a given brand that need additional promotion. After all, for many consumers, being introduced to the fragrance at the store is their first experience with the product, and they wouldn't know to ask for it if they didn't know it existed. Related Reading: How Can Retailers Use Push & Pull Advertising? Pull Marketing Pull marketing, on the other hand, takes the opposite approach. The goal of pull marketing is to get the customers to come to you, hence the term pull, where marketers are attempting to pull customers in. Common sales tactics used for pull marketing...
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...In the grade 8 results for push and pull factors, employment, climate and family connections were the most common reasons for international migration with numbers of 25, 21 and 15 respectively. However, when all migration to Australia is considered, then the three most popular push and pull factors are employment, education and quality of life (climate, atmosphere etc). With internal migration in grade 8 families, the three most common push and pull factors for change of state were employment, family connections and other; with results of 33, 20 and 17 respectively. When all of Australia's internal migration is taken into consideration, the three most common reasons for change of state are employment, climate and educational services. According to Year 8’s results, 107 people have internally migrated between states in Australia. Our data shows that this is 27 more people than those who have internationally migrated to Australia. This means that 80 people from our year 8 families have internationally migrated to this country. Australia's population growth has been slow and consistent for the last five years, with a growth of 1.8% every...
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...differentiation value includes Coracle’s increase in chemical savings. Coracle reduces the need for additional chlorine, shock treatments and enzymes, thus reducing pool owners’ annual chemical cost by 20% to 30% (average of 25%). ClearBlu reduces annual chemical cost by 15%, thus the increase in savings by Coracle is 10% (25%- 15%). The annual chemical cost (excluding clarifiers) is $300. Calculation of Coracle’s annual EVC: $56.25+ 0.1x $300= $86.25. Coracle, being a new brand should first adopt a push strategy since there is low brand loyalty and low brand awareness. This will generate exposure and encourage distributors to stock up on Coracle. Only 25% of consumers understand and use clarifiers regularly. This shows that there is low involvement in purchasing decision and perhaps an impulse item as a residential clarifier. And thus a push strategy is a good way to promote the product. However, since product benefits are not well understood by consumers, Soren can also adopt a pull strategy in communicating the actual...
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...Push Strategy: Push strategy is where companies forecast demand before ordering based on the willing buyers and also the goods doesn’t runout unexpectedly. For example winter jackets are required by retailers during the end of summer or during start of fall and winter. Companies can predict in their supply chain as they know what will be needed long before their demand actually arrives. So the main disadvantage in Push system is it’s purely based on forecast which is a guess. For example Billions are spent in US on computers and software’s but most of the time demand and forecast differed. So if forecast goes wrong there will be excess of investments and profits will decrease. Sometimes we may runout of inventory and lose customer loyalty. Pull Strategy: Pull strategy is the one which is based on demand data. This is based on the actual consumption at stores and also forecast rather than predicting sales. For example Custom computers are build by direct computer seller only when the order is received from consumer. Cloud technologies these days are providing daily consumer demand for generating forecast. Based on this strategy, a company can manufacture goods based on daily demand and reduce production of goods which are moving slowly so that inventory maintenance cost is reduced for goods which are not in demand. The disadvantage of this strategy is that sometimes we may runout of inventory if demand increases and if we are unable to increase production. Aggregate Forecast: ...
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...inaccurate accounting practice. 1.1 Advantage and Disadvantage of hold inventory First advantage is improving customer service. By hold inventory can increase investment in inventory may result in a higher level of customer service and able to meet and anticipate customer demand. It also prompts and precise customer order upon request. Second advantage of hold inventory is economies of scale. Take advantage of per unit price reduction for purchasing in large quantity and enjoy economies of production as greater plant capacity and lower per unit manufacturing costs. The following is disadvantage of inventory such as consume space, higher order and carrying costs, tax depending on demand and market pattern, difficult to predict. 1.2 Push inventory strategy Push system involves predicting inventory requirements, to reach customer demand. Company has to forecast what goods clients will buy along with will determine the quantity of goods to buy. The manufacturing will produce enough...
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...Earned) Your analysis was unclear or was not supported by facts from the case. (1 Point Earned) Substantive omissions were made in your analysis. (0 Points Earned) B. Past Promotional Events (2 Points Possible) Analyze the effectiveness of past RBS consumer and trade promotions. How have the promotional strategies impacted sales volume? What kind of return on investment is the company getting for consumer promotions and trade promotions? You provided a well-reasoned financial analysis that was supported by facts from the case. (2 Points Earned) Your analysis was incomplete or was not supported by facts from the case. (1 Point Earned) Substantive omissions were made in your analysis. (0 Points Earned) C. Push vs. Pull (2 Points Possible) Compare the relative merits of a push vs. a pull strategy for the marketing a low-involvement, lowprice grocery item in a mature market setting. You clearly identified the relevant strategic considerations of the two strategies case and provided a well-reasoned analysis based on those considerations. (2 Points Earned) You were not clear in your identification of the relevant strategic considerations. Your analysis was incomplete or was not supported by facts from the case. (1 Point Earned) Substantive omissions were made in your analysis. (0 Points Earned) D. Recommendation (2 Points Possible) What is your recommendation for how Regnante can achieve her 2008 target profit? What if any changes should be made to trade and consumer promotions to make...
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...update 26/08/2014 MODULE SPECIFICATION – UNDERGRADUATE PROGRAMMES KEY FACTS Module name Module code School Department or equivalent UK credits ECTS Level Delivery location (partnership programmes only) International Financial Management BS3200 Cass Business School UG Programme 15 7.5 6 MODULE SUMMARY Module outline and aims This third year module is designed to immerse business studies and banking students in the international dimension of financial issues. It focuses on the specifically international aspects of financial management so you are able to appreciate the additional sources of finance and the added issues that international investment and money management that international operation involves. This module aims to examine the various theories of exchange rate determination, and gives an appreciation of the issues relevant to international corporate finance, conveying an understanding of the challenges presented in managing a multinational enterprise Content outline - International finance in the context of international business - Corporations in relation to the international monetary system - International financial markets and the world banking system - Markets for currency and the problems with forecasting - Exchange rates - Identifying corporate foreign exchange risks - Managing the multinational finance function - International sourcing of funds - International and transfer pricing - Control of international operations ...
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...this essay, I will explore the question “What were the push and pull factors that caused more European colonists to settle in the northern colonies instead of the southern ones during the 17th century?” to find out why the population distribution was so unequal. The first source is the book The Atlantic Migration, written by Professor Marcus Lee Hansen in 1942. Hansen was the son of a Danish immigrant and a Norwegian immigrant and a professor of history at the University of Illinois. He conducted research on the history of American immigration for four years to write this Pulitzer-prize winning book. It is a secondary source, which allows Hansen to look at emigration and immigration factors from hindsight. The content of this book is valuable because it mentions the push factors in Europe, the pull factors in each colony, and why people would want to leave for...
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...Push and Pull Factors The civil war in Syria is among the most recent civil wars. The war started on the 15th of March 2011.The wars led to one of the largest exoduses in recent history where millions o Syrians led their country to seek asylum in countries in their neighborhood and beyond. There was an ever-worsening humanitarian crisis that led to the civil war. The refugees resettled in various places including the United States of America, Lebanon among other destinations. The war broke out when the government wanted to intimidate numerous demonstrators of a famous group “Arab Spring”. This suppression of the demonstrators resulted in a nationwide rebellion leading to the devastation of places such as Aleppo with the consequence of that was destruction of the culture of the affected areas. (Semple, Kirk.2014). Over 612,000 people have led to neighbouring countries although the United Nations has managed to register about512,000 of them. Those registered are in the UN camps and the same body is finding it very hard to supply them with their needs. Those who have not been lucky to reach the UN camps have fled to other countries ad resettled there with hope that all will be well. The result for this is that the number of migrants and refugees from Syria has ever been rising sharply. A report compiled by the European Union border agency reveals that 107,365 undocumented migrants attempting to cross the EU illegally which a significant 48% increase from the year...
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