...DIFFERENCE BETWEEN SELLING AND MARKETING In general we use „marketing‟ and „selling‟ as synonyms but there is a substantial difference between both the concepts. It is necessary to understand the differences between them for a successful marketing manager. Selling has a product focus and mostly producer driven. It is the action part of marketing only and has short – term goal of achieving market share. The emphasis is on price variation for closing the sale where the objective can be stated, as “I must somehow sell the product”. This short – term focus does not consider a prudential planning for building up the brand in the market place and winning competi¬tive advantage through a high loyal set of cus¬tomers. The end means of any sales activity is maximizing profits through sales maximization. When the focus is on selling, the businessman thinks that after production has been completed the task of the sales force starts. It is also the task of the sales department to sell whatever the production department has manufactured. Ag¬gressive sales methods are justified to meet this goal and customer‟s actual needs and satisfaction are taken for granted. Selling converts the product in to cash for the company in the short run. Marketing as a concept and approach is much wider than selling and is also dynamic as the fo¬cus is on the customer rather than the product. While selling revolves around the needs and in¬terest of the manufacturer or marketer, market¬ing revolves around that...
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...Business and Economic Research ISSN 2162-4860 2012, Vol. 2, No. 1 An Exploratory Study of Motivational Factors on Women Entrepreneurship Venturing in Malaysia Hasni Che Ismail College of Law, Government & International Studies Universiti Utara Malaysia, 06010 Sintok, Kedah, Malaysia E-mail: has1121@uum.edu.my Faridahwati Mohd. Shamsudin Othman Yeop Abdullah Graduate School of Business Universiti Utara Malaysia, 06010 Sintok, Kedah, Malaysia E-mail: faridah@uum.edu.my Mohammed S. Chowdhury (Corresponding author) Othman yeop Abdullah Graduate School of Business College of Business Universiti Utara Malaysia, 06010 Sintok, Kedah, Malaysia E-mail: mchowdr@yahoo.com or m.chowdhury@uum.edu.my Received: December 20, 2011 Accepted: January 9, 2012 doi:10.5296/ber.v2i1.1434 URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ber.v2i1.1434 Abstract This study explored the effects of motivational factors on women entrepreneurship venturing in Malaysia. The research was conducted on 80 entrepreneurs through random sampling technique. All hypotheses were tested using regression analysis and Pearson correlations, controlling for demographic variables of gender, age, and education, years of experience, and start-up funding. While the results of this study found significant effect of pull motivational factors, there is a marginal effect of push motivational factors on women entrepreneurship venturing in Malaysia. Implications and a number of recommendations are discussed. Keywords: Women entrepreneurship,...
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...Furniture Supply Chain: With advancement in technology, many companies have initially moved away from push strategy to pull strategy. But now, most of the business which aims for customer satisfaction follows strategy (push-pull or pull-push) and in particular furniture industry which does business through retail outlets follows "Pull-Push" model aiming to provide large variety of customizable products. In a Pull-Push strategy, some stages of the supply chain, typically the production is based on pull strategy while the distribution activities are operated in a push manner (Simchi-Levi, 2010). Basic assumptions made in designing furniture business via retail outlets supply chain are, * Considering only the key raw materials such as wood, steel, cushion and designing materials. Other raw materials which can also be essential in furniture industry are plastics, adhesives etc. * Retailers will reassemble the furniture packs at the customer end or the customers can do it on their own as they are delivered flat packs which are easy to reassemble. 1. Furniture makers upon receiving the orders from distributors (pull strategy) will request Tier1 suppliers for fabrics. 2. Tier1 suppliers will receive goods from Tier2 suppliers. Example Wooden mills will get the wood materials from forest and reshape it accordingly. Similarly Lathe shop will receive steels from the steel manufacturers and shape it according to the furniture maker's requirements and all these...
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...and node businesses involved in the provision of product and service packages required by the end customers in a supply chain. Supply chain management spans the movement and storage of raw materials, work-in-process inventory, and finished goods from point of origin to point of consumption. It is also defined as the "design, planning, execution, control, and monitoring of supply chain activities with the objective of creating net value, building a competitive infrastructure, leveraging worldwide logistics, synchronizing supply with demand and measuring performance globally." SCM draws heavily from the areas of operations management, logistics, procurement, and information technology, and strives for an integrated approach. Supply Chain Model Supply Chain Management addresses the following areas: * Distribution network configuration * Distribution strategy * Trade-offs in logistical activities * Information * Inventory management * Cash flow Supply chain execution means managing and coordinating the movement of materials, information and funds across the supply chain. The flow is bi-directional. SCM applications provide real-time analytical systems that manage the flow of products and information throughout the supply chain network. Supply Chain and Bullwhip Effect The bullwhip effect (or whiplash effect) is an observed phenomenon in forecast-driven distribution channels. It refers to a trend of larger and larger swings in inventory in response to...
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...of global business environment the technology and its capabilities have improved tremendously, affecting to the reengineering of the management of business and social activities. Moreover, improvements in web-based technologies are backing the evolution. Now none of a business can do transaction without using internet technologies, otherwise the business is going to face troubles because of not living according to the trends. Today business is done through internet by using electronic commerce, businesses do transactions among themselves and by involving customers to the business. Most of the businesses do payment operations and exchange the products and services through web with foreign countries. However, it may not be secured or may appear some technical issues, if not to control, check or develop the system. Hence, the current research is going to make a research, analyze and choose the best option in electronic business for business entities. 1. Selling products and services online According to the article of Gerstner L., in 1996, IBM was the first company which contrived the terminology of “e-business”. (Gerstner.L., 2002) E-business or Electronic business is circumscribes whole online processing in different business fields such as marketing finance, quality management, research and development management carried out in internet with the assistance of worldwide business partners. Hence, it is more than exchanging the product online. Due to the E- business, the entrepreneurs...
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...PROMOTIONAL MIX ON ORGANISATION SALE TURNOVER IN THE FACE OF STRONG COMPETITORS Department of Business Administration, Faculty of Management sciences University of Ado Ekiti, P.M.B 5363, Ekiti State Nigeria. Email: yommysun@yahoo.com Adebisi Sunday A., Babatunde Bayode O. 343 Adebisi Sunday. A (Ph.D) Department of Business Administration, College of Management and Social Sciences, Osun State University, P.M.B 2008, Okuku, Osun State, Nigeria Email: bayoogoga@yahoo.com Babatunde Bayode .O Abstract This paper aim at study strategic influence of promotional mix on organisation sale turnover in manufacturing organisation. The research data were gathered through the use of secondary data and primary data, secondary data included 6years annual report comprising the sales turnover (2005-2009) and questionnaire which is an instrument of primary data collection. The questionnaires were administered to the workers of 7up Company and some customers in Solebo Estate in Lagos. The researcher adopted the simple percentage and regression model for the analysis of the collected data.. The result of the findings revealed that strategic promotional mix influences the sale turnover with little 25% while other variable not included in the variable tested takes the larger 75% that will rapidly lead to organisation growth. Since promotional mix constitute few % of variable that can push an organisation to the highest level, therefore other factors of marketing mix such as product...
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...siam ,,,,I reside with my parents in bashundhara r/a….. I completed my schooling from bindubashini govt high school in tangail and hsc from rajuk uttara model college,,,,,, now I am a fresh graduate from north south university majoring in finance and marketing,,,,, I would love to start my career with a prospective entry level in a core company like urs where I can uilize my skills and abilities under the supervision of u mentors….. Take the responsibility but not the credit. Realize that you are the team leader. The company looks to you for direction and supports your effort. To build a strong support team willing to go the extra mile when you need it, give your team the credit for everything that goes right, and take the blame when it goes wrong. I was never into buniness my self,,,,I have been always picturing myself as the top position holder of the company,,,,but my elder brother said that t Another more thing is that customers are always r8…….suppose they might say we are doing this thing wrong….that means we have room for improvements….. CV Business development is the creation of long-term value for an organization from customers, markets, and relationships. Long-Term Value First, what do I mean by “long-term value?” In its simplest form, “value” is cash, money, the lifeblood of any business But business development is not about get-rich-quick schemes We should not be myopic,,,,,, It’s about creating opportunities for that value to persist over the long-term...
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...current costing solutions to try to get strategic information faster and with less maintenance. Is this approach really new and revolutionary? Does it deliver on its promise? Time-driven ABC vs. traditional ABC Traditional ABC is a “push” model of costing. You start with total expenses spent on various types of resources, such as salaries or supplies, and then determine what percentage of each resource is associated with each product or service. Then you apply that ratio to the total cost, which generates cost allocations for every product. In contrast, time-driven ABC is a “pull” model of costing. You start with estimates of two parameters: units of time required to perform an activity and the cost per unit of time. You then multiply this information by the quantity of the product. For resources not measured by units of time, the costing methodology can accept other measures. For instance, the capacity of a distribution center could be measured by available area and priced at cost per cubic meter. The capacity of a computer server would be measured by available gigabytes and priced at cost per gigabyte. So, “push ABC” computes actual activity costs and aggregates them into the outputs, such as products, that consume those activities. “Pull ABC” computes activity costs at standard rates and leaves a “leftover efficiency” and/or unused capacity cost variance. But both ABC methods account for the same...
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...whole design of the system depends on the inputs that we provide to develop the system. Ex: Flow, Data Entry. 2. Output: The system developers should consider all the factors like medium, environment, database and timing Ex: medium, timing. 3. Processing: Perform computations, handle program modules, timing of the output. and display the required reports. Ex: Computations, program modules 4. Manual Procedures: The system must consider the nature of the activities, who perform them, how, when and where they are performed. Ex: what activities, when, how 5. Database design: The design of the system must be able to handle the volume of data, execute quickly, record the specifications and organize the files Ex: logical data model, record specifications...
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...Bosch Termotecnologia SA Bosch Production System Lean Logistics Implementation in TTPO Cristina Jorge Bosch Termotecnologia SA 25-06-2008 Termotecnologia 1 TTPO/BPS | 25/06/2008| © Robert Bosch GmbH reserves all rights even in the event of industrial property rights. We reserve all rights of disposal such as copying and passing on to third parties.. Bosch Termotecnologia SA Bosch Production System Foundation of Vulcano 1983 Robert Bosch acquires majority of shares 1992 Installation in Aveiro of R&D department 1996 Bosch worldwide responsibility Name change to BOSCH TERMOTECNOLOGIA for water heaters PORTUGAL SA Name change to BBT TERMOTECNOLOGIA PORTUGAL SA 2007 1977 1988 Brand Vulcano was created 1993 European leader in water heaters 2002 Start production of boilers 2007 2008 Start production of solar panels Termotecnologia 2 TTPO/BPS | 25/06/2008 | © Robert Bosch GmbH reserves all rights even in the event of industrial property rights. We reserve all rights of disposal such as copying and passing on to third parties. Bosch Termotecnologia SA Bosch Production System Key Indicators Sales (Mio. €) Exportations (% sales) Water Heaters Boilers Production (Tsd units) Water Heaters Boilers Nº Workers 2004 194 2005 207 2006 230 2007 235 76 91 77 90 80 92 81 92 974 133 1.008 1.021 124 1.001 1.049 132 1.078 1.203 166 1.133 Nº1 Water Heater Manufacturing Company in Europe ...
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...EXECUTIVE SUMMARY As director of Supply Chain Systems, I have decided to implement portions of the new supply chain strategy of Virtual Integration and strategies from companies like Dell. Although there are several key differences between the companies, Dell’s virtual integration strategy can be applied to Ford’s supply chain operation. A modification of the virtual integration system currently used by Dell could be applied to Ford’s dependent supplier base, distribution system, dealerships and divisions. Special care will need to be taken to address the unique dependency of our custom Tier 1 supplier. The management of lower tier suppliers of general or generic components would be more effectively suited by the standard procedures used by Dell. If we at Ford could find a solution to the obstacles of virtual integration, it could make our supply chain run smoothly with less bottlenecking, inventory, and better overall performance. Managers could overcome the complex and error-prone manual process of forecasting and procuring parts which would result in reduced OTD lessen costs and enhance customer satisfaction. ISSUE IDENTIFICATION Senior Executives have asked how Ford should use the emerging information technologies and ideas from new high-tech industries to change the way we interact with Suppliers. We must find ways to improve the Supply Chain management and to increase shareholder value and Supply Chain responsiveness. Specifically we are looking at how Dell...
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...Indian Furniture Retail Industry The Indian furniture retail market is one of the 14th largest furniture markets in the world due to the rising purchasing power of the Indian middle class population. This USD 8 billion industry has been growing at 30% compound annual growth rate. According to a Cushman and Wakefield report, the demand for residential spaces is forecasted to hit 4.25 million units while the demand for office spaces is expected to hit 400 million sq.ft. between 2010 and 2014 in India. Another major segment is contract furniture which is driven by the increasing hotel developments and tourism demand in the country. The Indian furniture retail market has been classified by CSIL Milano as one of the 14th largest furniture markets in the world due to the rising purchasing power of the more than 400 million middle class population. This USD 8 billion industry has been growing at 30% compound annual growth rate in just the organized sector which accounts for only 15% on the entire industry. According to a Cushman and Wakefield report, the demand for residential spaces is forecasted to hit 4.25 million units while the demand for office spaces is expected to hit 400 million sq.ft. between 2010 and 2014. Another major segment is contract furniture which is driven by the increasing hotel developments and tourism demand. All these factors, clubbed with the evolving consumer demographics and increase in spending on lifestyle products bodes very well for the Indian furniture...
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...Describe how enterprise systems provide value for a business. Enterprise systems enable businesses to achieve operational excellence through increased profitability and sales margin; enterprise systems create an environment in which organizations can monitor their sales demand and predict future sales, applications retrieve vital information and support management in their decision making process. Enterprise Systems are large scale, integrated application software packages that use the computational, data storage, and data transmission power of modern information technology. Enterprise systems are a combination of computer hardware and software that a business uses to organize and run its operations. 2-How do supply chain management systems coordinate planning, production, and logistics with suppliers? • Define a supply chain and identify each of its components. • Explain how supply chain management systems help reduce the bullwhip effect and how they provide value for a business. • Define and compare supply chain planning systems and supply chain execution systems. • Describe the challenges of global supply chains and how Internet technology can help companies manage them better. • Distinguish between a push-based and a pull-based model of supply chain management and explain how contemporary supply chain management systems facilitate a pull-based model. Supply chain refers to a group of organizations and business processes for procuring materials, transforming raw...
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...& Customer Intimacy (pp. 270 –301) 1. Recognize that the ‘heart’ of an ERP is a central database or data warehouse: Suite of integrated software modules and a common central database 2. Identify the four major functional areas of all business organizations: sales & marketing, finance & accounting, manufacturing & production, and human resources 3. Know the four (4) business values of an ERP: Increase operational efficiency, Provide firm wide information to support decision making, Enable rapid responses to customer requests for information or products, Include analytical tools to evaluate overall organizational performance. 4. Be able to distinguish upstream from downstream in a supply chain: Upstream- Firm’s suppliers, suppliers’ suppliers, processes for managing relationships with them. Downstream- Organizations and processes responsible for delivering products to customers 5. Know the relationships between JIT, safety stock, and the bullwhip effect: Inefficiencies cut into a company’s operating costs. They can waste up to 25 percent of operating expenses 6. Recognize the difference between a supply chain planning system and supply chain execution system: Supply chain planning systems- model existing supply chain, demand planning, optimize sourcing & manufacturing plans, establish inventory levels and identify transportation modes/Supply chain execution systems-Manage flow of products through distribution centers and warehouses. ...
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...The buying and selling of products and services by businesses and consumers through an electronic medium, without using any paper documents. E-commerce is widely considered the buying and selling of products over the Internet, but any transaction that is completed solely through electronic measures can be considered e-commerce. E-commerce is subdivided into three categories: business to business or B2B (Cisco), business to consumer or B2C (Amazon), and consumer-to-consumer or C2C (eBay) also called electronic commerce. Push Technology A data distribution technology in which selected data are automatically delivered to the user's computer or mobile device in real time or at prescribed intervals. E-mail messages, calendar updates and text messages are examples of data that are pushed to the user. Contrast with "pull technology," in which the user initiates a request for the data each time. Browsing the Web is an example of the pull model. Pull Technology Specifically requesting information from a particular source. Downloading Web pages via a Web browser is an example of pull technology. Getting mail is also pull technology if the user initiates a request to retrieve it. Contrast with push technology. HTTP HTTP stands for The Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP), it is the communications protocol used to connect to Web servers on the Internet or on a local network (intranet). Its primary function is to establish a connection with the server and send HTML pages back to the user's browser. It is also used to download...
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