...WEEK 8 Discuss the similarities and differences between the Mesopotamian ziggurat and the Egyptian pyramid both in style and function. Man has a tendency to build large monumental things, not only today, but also during our ancient past. The Sumerians and the Egyptians are two cultures, from our past, that have accomplished these feats. The Sumerian ziggurats and Egyptian pyramids have some similarities and differences. The ziggurats and the pyramids have some similarities. They are both examples of the massive structures that were built in support of their cultural or religious beliefs. They were both built with a great deal of manpower with no use of any big machinery that we are familiar with today. Their society's leaders commissioned in building these massive structures were: the king of the Sumerian civilization for the ziggurats and the pharaoh of the Egyptian civilization for the pyramids. Their similarities pretty much ends here. At a closer look, the ziggurats and the pyramid had many differences. The pharaohs, in preparation for his death, built the pyramids as place for his tomb and his priced possessions and servers (to ensure that his needs are met in the afterlife) and also for his queen. It is said that the pharaoh ruled in the authority of the God and that the pyramid would help him ascend to the Gods. The Sumerian king had the ziggurats built for use as a place for worship, like a temple, for the Sumerian society. One story also suggest that...
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...The pyramids of Ancient Egypt are as entrancing and interesting, as they are amazing. Egyptologists and students of history have since a long time ago discussed the inquiry of who fabricated the pyramids, and for what reason. There are numerous distinctive and frequently clashing hypotheses concerning the development of the Great Pyramid of Giza. At the point when turning back the pages of history, it is found that various hypotheses have been produced to clarify the vicinity of such a huge chronicled milestone. "Hypotheses change from a tomb for a ruler, to an exceptional substance production line, a signal for extraterrestrial aircraft's, a stone manifestation of the Bible, a conceivable approach to contact a Higher Being and a stone publication of the second happening to Christ..." (Schillings, M. Such cases of changing disputable hypotheses have started various theories to the riddle of the Great Pyramid of Giza. Manufactured amid a period when Egypt was one of the wealthiest and most effective developments on the planet, the pyramids—especially the Great Pyramids of Giza—are the absolute most grand man-made structures ever. Their huge scale reflects the exceptional part that the pharaoh, or ruler, played in aged Egyptian culture. Despite the fact that pyramids were constructed from the earliest starting point of the Old Kingdom to the end of the Ptolemaic period in the fourth century A.D., the top of pyramid building started with the late third administration and proceeded...
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...2012 PYRAMID I. Introduction: Nowadays, when we look at the huge and modern builiding around us, we often admire to know the way architects created them. Each building has their own features and very diversified in their shapes. Looking at how beautiful they are, we can image that the constructions need a lot of efforts from the architects and workers, and they may use many advanced and modern facilities to bring them the best work. Besides, if we think about the past, without technology, there would be impossible for the ancient people build anything amazing like these. But that is not true, and you will be surprised when you see how mighty the pyramids are. Especially, the Great Pyramid of Giza is the only one of the seven ancient wonders still remaining to our days and one of the most famous tourist attractions in the modern world. II. Body: 1) What is pyramid? + Pyramid is a structure whose shape is triangular and converges to a single point at the top. The base of a pyramid can be trilateral, quadrilateral, or any polygon shape, and the square pyramid is a common version. + Most of Pyramids represent for the tomb of Pharoahs, kings of acient Egypt, who believed that they could take their bodies and worldly possessions to the next world by burying inside the pyramid. Usually, they started construction on their pyramid many years before their death. 2) How to build a pyramid? + The estimate of the number of workers to build the pyramids range...
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...Djoser, the first ruler of the 3rd dynasty laid down the groundwork for construction of the Real Pyramids. It all began with the mastaba, “single-story square-block structures made of mud brick” (Feder 2014:251) that served as the resting place for pharaohs, from the mastabas evolved the stepped pyramid and mud brick evolved into stone. Through the process of trial and error The Old Kingdom was able to build the Great Pyramids at Giza. One of the great pyramids that was built for the Pharaoh Khufu, estimated about 2,300,000 stones, each stone weighing about 2.5 tons. Through the construction of the pyramids Egyptian civilization was able to thrive as a solidified state until being conquered and becoming apart of the Roman Empire in 30 BC. How...
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...Pyramids and ziggurats both provide archeologists with a great deal of information about the ancient cultures that constructed them. When comparing The Great Pyramids of Egypt with The Ziggurats of Mesopotamia, the differences between them are more apparent than the similarities that they share. The two structures actually only appear to be similar. Both have the general form of a pyramid. Some other similarities shared by these two types of structures can be interpreted from the context of the religions of those who had them erected and what role they served for the society. Among the differences are their intended usage, how they were decorated, their designs, and the materials used in their construction. In order to clearly describe how different these two structures are, I have summarized some information about their designs and the materials used to build them. Contrasts in the decorations of the two types of structures are then discussed. The intended uses of these structures then introduces some similarities in relation to the religious symbolism of the structures. Considered to be among the greatest wonders of the known world, The Pyramids of Egypt were built with exacting precision from granite blocks. The pyramids of the early dynasties were of a more stepped pyramid form, similar in appearance to the ziggurats of Mesopotamia. Advancements in available technologies and construction techniques in the later dynasties of ancient Egypt allowed for pyramids to be constructed...
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...CANSU DALKILIC MGMT 311 RESPONSE PAPER 2 32936 There is an ongoing debate on if it is possible to integrate dominant economies with the bottom of the pyramid which are the 4 billion people who have less than 2$ per day. It occurs questions like if it is possible for companies to compete by serving people who counted as bottom pyramid? Is it possible for those poor people to survive by being consumers of MNCs? Prahalad believes that it is a win win for both MNCs and tier 4 (bottom of the pyramid). In other words, he believes that it is possible to sell high quality products to mass number of poor people. Both Prahalad and Karnani want to find solution to alleviate poverty, but they have different approaches to this issue. Prahalad states that we should consider poors as consumers. In contrast to Prahalad, Karnani thinks that rather than viewing the poor primarily as consumers, an alternative approach is to focus on the poor as producers and to emphasize buying from the poor. The only way to alleviate poverty is to raise real income of the poor. Karnani quotes the example of Nirma, a demonstrably inferior product to some of the alternative detergents on the market, such as Surf. It was hard on the skin, and could sometimes cause blisters. And yet it retailed at a third of the price of its competitors, and achieved majority market share from consumers for whom the trade off between price and quality was one that they were happy to make. He concludes: "Insisting on not lowering...
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...I believe the location of the pyramids make a huge difference in how they appear. The Pyramid of the Sun’s landscape contains grass and a path to the top of the pyramid. On the other hand, the pyramids of Khufu are surrounded by sand. In my opinion, the location of the pyramids of Khufu’s appear abandoned where as, the Pyramid of the Sun looks more like a place for tourists. I am able to imagine school students visiting the pyramid of the Sun on school field trips. Also, the Pyramid of the Sun appears considerable larger in size than the pyramids of Khufu. One similarity the two pyramids have in common is the shape. The pyramids of Khufu have a triangle shape. The Pyramid of the Sun also has a triangle shape but is wider. Also, the top of...
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...The Pyramid of Giza World Cultures I 3/1/15 The Pyramids of Giza There are many theories regarding how the pyramids at Giza were constructed. So many stories are told but there has been no known truth to who actually built the pyramids at Giza. Giza is one of the oldest and largest of three pyramids bordering El Giza, Egypt and is also the oldest of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World and is known to be the only one still largely and fully intact. So what theories are true? The Pyramid of Giza is the most famous Egyptian monument. It is part of a family of pyramids both with symbolic purpose. There are three pyramids associated with Giza. The pyramids are called Khufu, Khafre, and Menkaure for the kings of whom they were built. All three pyramids were plundered both internally and externally in ancient and medieval times. They were all created with unique design and symbolism and purpose to some. Many theories state that the pyramids were built from rock, stone, mud , limestone, cement and other materials. For the most part, it was all done and created uniquely. According to early historians and intense research instructed by archaeologist, the Great Pyramid took over 20 years to construct and required the labor of over 100,000 men. It is told to be questioned that one pyramid of such great statue took one lifetime to build. Archaeologist have tried to figure out for years where the possible 100,000 men lived while in the process ...
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...PYRAMID SCHEMES: Saving the network marketing industry by defining the gray by Kevin Thompson kevin@theadvocategroup.net copyright of Advanced Advocates, LLC. I. INTRODUCTION In these trying economic times, responsible network marketing companies are positioned to offer viable opportunities for people that desperately need them. They combine passion for products with individual ambition to create a powerful testimony to the unyielding principles of free enterprise. With a fair compensation plan, an exciting product, and proper education, independent agents across the globe (also referred to as distributors) can leverage the power of networking to dramatically change their financial circumstances. Network marketing companies are responsible for providing its distributors with marketable products and compensation plans that rewards and motivates the sales force. Ideally, the rewards are designed to be commensurate with the work performed. With a good product and a fair compensation plan, !! the average person is given an opportunity to completely redefine their finances while operating a home based business. Distributors earn income primarily in two ways. First, they can purchase products at wholesale and mark them up for retail sales, thus earning an immediate profit. Secondly, they can form a “downline” by recruiting additional distributors and earn commissions on their sales to customers and purchases for personal use. Since distributors are paid...
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...Have you ever wondered how the Great Pyramids of Giza were built? Or how the Egyptians mummified the dead? Or, even simpler, how they lived their daily lives? Well, according to David Macaulay in the book Pyramid, life was fairly simple. Most Egyptians were farmers. Since the Nile flooded for a time from July to November, farmers were drafted for pyramid building since farming was impossible. Pyramids were constructed for a pharaoh so that when he dies, he is mummified and put into a sarcophagus inside the pyramid along with everything else that belonged to him including is pets, servants, and possibly even his wife. But in order for a pharaoh to get his desired afterlife, he has to go through a series of mummification steps. Most...
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...Many researchers have done their work to find out who built the Egyptian Pyramids, and how they were built. Did the slaves build the pyramids? Here, we are going to find out. “ The pyramids are remarkable not only for the great technical skill they demonstrate, but also for the concentration of resources they represent” (Craig 11). The pyramids were not all built and designed by the same people. The pyramids were built under the name of pharaoh, meaning the term “great house.” Djoser, a third dynasty king, was the first to build a monumental six-step pyramid of hard stone. Khufu was the son of Djoser was the leader in building the largest pyramid ever constructed, plateau of Giza. It is 481 feet high, 765 feet long on each side, and with the base covering 13.1 acrs. The pyramid is made of 2.3 million stone blocks averaging 2.5 tons each. Khufu, Khafre, and Menkaure built the exact same three pyramids at Giza. Beyond that there are over 120 pyramids throughout Egypt. The workers who built the pyramids were Egyptians, not slaves, as many people do believe. Farmers lived in villages made for workers of the pyramids. They built the Pyramids while the nile was flooding. There are three burial chambers in or under the Great Pyramid. The first chamber was built under the Great Pyramid and it was no finish. This was then followed by the Queen's and Kings chambers. These pyramids were built to serve as tombs for kings and queens. After a ruler had passed away, his or her body was...
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...air. And then, there they were; the Great Pyramids of Egypt lying on the Giza Plateau. At that moment, my adventure began. And today, my fellow classmates, we are going to relive this adventure together and discover the secrets of the Great Pyramid of Khufu. In 2007, I spent a month in Egypt and upon my visit to the Giza Plateau, the guide took us into that Great Pyramid and we toured it together. This is what encouraged me the most to share with you today the marvels of Khufu’s Pyramid. In the next few minutes, we will explore the outside of the pyramid as well as its interior including all its different chambers and pathways. Let us start by contemplating the exterior architecture of the pyramid and find out about its general characteristics. The Great Pyramid stood the tallest for more than 4,000 years, at 146.5 meters high. It could be seen from the mountains in Israel! But today, having lost 9.5 meters from the top, it stands at 137 meters. The base of the pyramid is quite large. Each of its faces measures up to 230 meters; almost 10 football fields can fit in to its base. Regarding its steepness, each of the sides rises at an angle of 51.5̊ sharp. Furthermore, each one of them is aligned with true north, south, east, and west! Later, when we enter the pyramid, we will notice that at some point we are going to be 20 meters beneath the foundation of the pyramid with over 6 million blocks piled over us! Speaking of blocks, the pyramid consists of 23,000,000 stacked on top of...
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...Mystery of the Pyramids Week 4, Assignment 1 Hum111 Professor Nancy Barlar 3 November 2013 Mystery of the Pyramids There have been many theories regarding how the pyramids at Giza and how they were constructed. Most experts agree that they were constructed as burial monuments for pharaohs, but “how” these ancient people constructed monuments of such great size without modern machinery is a mystery which is still being debated. In the next few paragraphs I will be taking you into a look into the mystery that surrounds this highly debated subject. The Aztecs, Mayans, and ancient Egyptians were three very different civilizations with a span of almost the other side of the world away from each other, but with very large similarities to the way that they built the pyramids. However, out of these three ancient cultures, the Egyptians stand out as the people recognized for the classic pyramid design. Massive monuments with a square base and four smooth-sided triangular sides, raising to a point. The Aztecs and Mayans built their pyramids with tiered steps and a flat top. The Egyptians probably chose the distinctive form of the design for their pharaohs’ tombs because of their solar religion, for the ever associated sun god Ra, which is considered the father of all pharaohs and was said to have created himself from a pyramid=shaped mound of earth before creating all other gods. The pyramid’s shape and standing (location) is thought to have symbolized the sun’s rays...
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...Construction of the Pyramids of Giza RUNNING HEAD: THE MYSTERY OF THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE PYRAMIDS 2 AT GIZA There are many mysteries surrounding our history, especially those of ancient times. It is my belief that a mystery is something that simply can’t be explained and is based off of phenomenon. In regards to the Pyramids at Giza, is it really a mystery or have we as a modern society over looked some things? Have we given our ancestors due credit for their work or do we continue to believe that since they were not as technologically advanced that somehow they weren’t as smart as we are today? The only mystery here is why we can’t fathom certain things of ancient times to have been accomplished. No one as of yet can come up with a viable explanation as to how the Pyramids of Giza were built. How could a structure so big, so wide, be built by men who had yet to advance by our definition of skill? The Great Pyramid at Giza was built for Pharaoh Khufu who ruled during the 4th Dynasty of the Old Kingdom. Such as was practice in the ancient times, Pharaoh Khufu was laid to rest in one of the greatest structures ever known to mankind, The Pyramid at Giza. Great...
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...The Mystery of the Great Pyramid Kimone Campbell Professor Jenna Thrasher-Sneathen Humanities 111 May 1, 2013 There have been many theories regarding how the pyramids at Giza were constructed. Mystery and Magic surrounding them, filling scholars and the public with wonder that presents the following question: How did our ancestors, more than 4500 years ago, build these magnificent structures, and how did they organize the workforce that was necessary for their construction. There are so many theories regarding the construction of the Giza pyramid it is hard to believe one from the ET visitation, to the levitating the blocks with some sort of sound system to the ramps they used and last but not least the slavery or some kind of labor force. Let us explore two of the most talked about theories that I have come across on my research which is the case of the Aliens and the laborers or what could be equivalent for us today some kind of military force. In the case of the Aliens. According to research done by several Egyptologist the pyramid was accurately aligned with points of a compass that only aliens could have achieved that many years ago. The angles of the slopes were precise that only aliens could be thought of to do this since they were not equipped with the mathematically advanced equipment to be so accurate. Also because the blocks were so heavy it would only make sense that the aliens did because man was not equipped with the knowledge or technology to...
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