...Is Meg presented simply as a comic fool? In The Birthday Party, Pinter makes Meg a fool so that the audience can feel above her. The establishment of the audience’s feeling of superiority is, for me, best exemplified in the discourse between Meg and Petey: PETEY. ‘there’s a new show coming to the Palace….’No singing or dancing’. MEG. ‘What do they do then?’ PETEY. ‘They just talk (pause)’ MEG. ‘Oh’. This device ridicules Meg, as the audience obviously comprises a group of people who enjoy shows in which ‘they just talk’. Pinter therefore uses mockery of class and lack of intelligent understating as a comedic device with Meg. Pinter uses dramatic irony to push this, like Meg’s speech in Act 2, which confirms her naivety. This conforms to conventional clichés of the comedy genre, in which class and social aspects are frequently used. Studies have shown[1] that the middle class use comedy to assert social authority as a form of veiled snobbery, suggesting that Meg is simply a comic fool. However, I see Meg less as a simple source of humour but more as a moving representation of isolation. A lot of the humour when Meg is portrayed as a comic fool, and thus the conforming to the comic genre arises out of her general social awkwardness. The non-sequiturs and awkward pauses highlight her social ineptitude, contrasting deeply the mellow tones of Petey, like in the discourse: ‘PETEY: Yes, it gets light later in winter’, to which Meg replies simply ‘Oh. (Pause) What are you reading...
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...fall out of alignment, both brand and corporate owner are likely to suffer. The brand’s distribution channels were as unconventional as its promotions. Initially Snapple had very little supermarket coverage. Instead, it flowed through the so-called cold channel: small distributors serving hundreds of thousands of lunch counters and delis, which sold single-serving refrigerated beverages consumed on the premises. Small as the individual distributors were, they aggregated into a mighty marketing force. But replicating Gatorade’s success was more than an objective—it was a matter of corporate survival. With only one brand in its beverage portfolio, Quaker was at a serious disadvantage to larger players that could use their broader lineups to capture economies of scale. To stave off acquisition by one of those larger competitors, Quaker needed to add a second brand that could capture similar economies. Acutely aware of the make-or-break nature of the acquisition, Quaker’s executives formulated a marketing plan that sought to minimize or eliminate risk. As it happened, though, Quaker’s very risk aversion turned out to be the greatest risk of all. It’s tempting to say that Triarc’s executives understood and embodied the quirky spirit of the Snapple brand in a way that Quaker’s marketing team never did, and Triarc’s executives aren’t inclined to disagree. The only fixed plan we had was to limit the cost of failure. The team understood the need to stay away from big risky ideas....
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...Benjamin Franklin David Duron AP Psychology 5th Hour Mr. Compton April 12, 2013 Benjamin Franklin was a very astonishing man who accomplished many things not only for America as a politician and Founding Father, but for all of humanity. Our father of electricity is known and remembered for many things, poet, for being and inventor, a mediator, and probably best known for flying a kite with a key tied on during a lightning storm. Franklin was the son of a Bostonian soap boiler, born on January 17, 1706 the eighth child of ten. His parents were Josiah Franklin, and Abiah Folger Franklin. Abiah franklin was the second wife of Josiah and raised his late wife’s eight, and her own ten children, eighteen total Franklin children. Abiah was born in Nantucket Massachusetts and raised as a Puritan, which had influence on young Benjamin. Not to a lot of other extended information is known about his mother (NSDAR). His father Josiah was born in England in 1657 and migrated to Boston for more religious freedom. Again not too much information is known about his father as well. Josiah had a very influential role in Benjamin’s life. The most noted is that he encouraged all of his children to pursue an honest and worthwhile trade after attaining an education. He was certain that Benjamin was going to be a minister but could only afford two years of schooling (Shmoop). Placed at the Boston Latin School, these two short years made him ten and gave him a heightened need for reading, so...
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...BRAND MANAGEMENT Case No. 3 SNAPPLE: REVITALIZING A BRAND INTRODUCTION In the 1990s, Snapple Corporation was one of the leading “New Age” beverage brands when the category was just beginning to take off. With the combination of a unique product, package design, and quirky advertising, the company grew form a regional underground favorite toa nationally recognized brand. Snapple’s rise in the beverage industry was crowned in 1994, when the Quaker Oats Company purchased Snapple for $1.7 billion. Quaker expected to make Snapple a major player in the industry, as it had done with GAatorade. However, the company was unable to capitalize on the brand’s previous success. In 1997, Quaker sold Snapple to Triarc Beverage Group for $300 million. Triarc faced a number of challenges, including reversing the sales slide, revamping the distribution system, and creating new products that will enable growth. Most importantly, Triarc had to find a way to reconnect the brand with its consumers. Triarc successfully resurrected the Snapple brand, and in 2000 sold Snapple to Cadbury Schweppes for $1.45 billion. Cadbury Schweppes then faced the challenge of maintaining Snapple’s brand strength in an increasingly competitive beverage environment. THE EMERGENCE OF SNAPPLE The roots of Snapple Corporation date back to 1972 in Brooklyn, New York when brothers-in-law, Leonard Marsh and Hyman Golden, left their window-washing business and teamed up with Marsh’s childhoAod friend and health...
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...four feet compartments in which the salves were forced to stay for weeks. The mention of the blood, feces, and vomit were enough to acquaint us with the realities of the slave trade. This makes the film valuable to the study of history, because it allows us to understand why abolitionism received such popular support in 1787-1788 (Drescher, 43). It brings the “distaste and revulsion that the overseas slave system evoked” (Drescher, 43) right in front of our eyes As well, the brutality and morality of the slave ships was a popular subject for propaganda (Drescher, 49), which the film also portrays effectively. In the scene where Wilberforce commands a crowd of wealthy, affluent people to experience the stench of a slave ship, and continually urges them to “remember”, we can see how the inhumanity against the slaves can be used as a propaganda tool. Also, the scene in which Clarkson brings a set of chains to Wilberforce’s house shows how abolitionists could use this subject matter as an effective argument (52), not entirely outside the realm of propaganda. The film presented a visual reconstruction of the past, in terms of the tactics abolitionists used, and allowed us to sympathize with the abolitionist movement. ORIGINAL POST 2 – A Link to Modern Times From earlier readings in the Pereboom book, we have learned that, in order for a historical film to be a commercial success, it must appeal to its audiences (Pereboom, 62). As a result, when studying the relation of a film to...
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...Benjamin Franklin was born on January 17, 1706, in Boston, Massachusetts, into a devoted Puritan household. (The Puritans were a religious group that stood against the practices of the Church of England.) In 1683 his family had left England and moved to New England in search of religious freedom. Franklin's father was a candlemaker and a mechanic, but, his son said, his "great Excellence lay in a sound Understanding, and solid Judgment." Franklin also praised his mother, who raised a family of thirteen children. Young Franklin was not content at home. He received little formal schooling and by age eleven went to work making candles and soap at his father's shop. However, he hated this trade—especially the smell. Franklin eventually left his father's shop and went to work for his brother James, who was the printer of a Boston newspaper. While learning the business Franklin read every word that came into the shop and was soon writing clever pieces that criticized the Boston establishment. He loved to read and even became a vegetarian in order to save money to buy books. When authorities imprisoned James for his own critical articles, Benjamin continued the paper himself. In 1723 at age seventeen Franklin left home and moved to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. By this time Franklin had begun to embrace the ideas of such Enlightenment thinkers as the physicist Sir Isaac Newton (1642–1727) and the philosopher John Locke (1632–1727). The Enlightenment, which began in the sixteenth century...
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...ETHICS-COMPANY PEPSICO Ethics Business ethics is the accepted set of moral values and corporate standards of conduct in a business organization. These standards of business behavior promote human welfare and the good. Business ethics are exhibited both as written and unwritten codes of moral standards that are critical to the current activities and future aspirations of a business organization. They can differ from one company to another because of differences in cultural perspectives, operational structures and strategic orientations. Therefore, different people have different beliefs about what constitutes ethical behavior. The law defines what is or not legal, but the distinctions between moral right and wrong are not always so clear. In many situations lines between right and wrong are blurred. Such situations can be helped to be cleared by using organization written codes and/or policies. Through the usage of auditors, ethics classes, written codes and policies, numerous companies have reinforced their business ethics and best practices to ensure that fraudulent activities are prevented. The food and beverage sector of the economy has faced increasing pressure from consumers to provide transparency on the sources and operations related to their products. Responsible and ethical procurement is especially challenging for food and beverage, because agricultural commodities typically rely on low-cost labor inputs and environmentally-damaging technology and practices in order...
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...THESUMMER OF 1898, 1898, THE SUMMER OF AS USUAL, WAS HOT AND HUMID IN NEW BERN, NORTH CAROLINA. SO A YOUNG PHARMACIST NAMED CALEB BRADHAM BEGAN EXPERIMENTING WITH COMBINATIONS OF SPICES, JUICES AND SYRUPS, TRYING TO CREATE A REFRESHING NEW DRINK TO SERVE TO HIS CUSTOMERS. HE SUCCEEDED BEYOND ALL EXPECTATIONS, INVENTING THE BEVERAGE NOW KNOWN AROUND THE WORLD AS ... PEPSI-COLA. 3 PEPSI’S BEGINNINGS PEPSI’S BEGINNINGS Caleb Bradham knew that to keep people returning to his pharmacy, he would have to turn it into a gathering place. Like many pharmacists at the turn of the century, he had a soda fountain in his drugstore, where he served his customers refreshing drinks that he created himself. His most popular creation was a unique mixture of carbonated water, kola nuts, vanilla and rare oils, named “Brad’s Drink” by his customers. Caleb decided to rename it “Pepsi-Cola,” and advertised his new soft drink to enthusiastic customers. Sales of Caleb Bradham (circled) was too focused on serving his customers Pepsi-Cola to pose for this picture. Pepsi-Cola started to grow, convincing him to form a company and market the new beverage. In 1902, he launched the Pepsi-Cola Company in the back room of his pharmacy, and applied to the U.S. Patent Office for a trademark. An official patent was awarded on June 16, 1903. At first, he mixed the syrup himself and sold it exclusively through soda fountains. But soon Caleb recognized that a greater opportunity existed—to bottle Pepsi-Cola...
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...Daniels Fund Ethics Initiative University of New Mexico http://danielsethics.mgt.unm.edu PepsiCo’s Journey Toward an Ethical and Socially Responsible Culture COMPANY OVERVIEW PepsiCo is one of the largest food and beverage companies in the world. It manufactures and sells eighteen brands of beverages and snack foods and generates over $98 billion in retail sales. PepsiCo encompasses the Pepsi Cola, Frito-Lay, Tropicana, Quaker, and Gatorade brands and offers products in over 200 countries. It currently holds 36 percent of the total snack food market share in the U.S. and 25 percent of the market share of the refreshment beverage industry. The company’s headquarters are in New York and employs over 200,000 people. In 2006, Michael D. White became the CEO of PepsiCo International, and in 2007 Indra K. Nooyi became the CEO of PepsiCo. PepsiCo has received many awards and recognitions over the years, including being ranked in the top 25 of the best global brands, ranking number four overall by Diversity Inc, and earning the Green Award by the Environmental Protection Agency. COMPANY AND MARKETING HISTORY The Pepsi recipe was developed by pharmacist Caleb Bradham in the 1890s. Originally marketed under the unassuming name “Brad’s Drink,” Bradham’s creation was renamed Pepsi-Cola in 1898 due to the pepsin and kola nut ingredients used. Awareness of Bradham’s new creation spread quickly, and in 1902 he decided to create the Pepsi-Cola Company so people everywhere...
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...THE AUTOBIOGRAPHY OF BENJAMIN FRANKLIN WITH INTRODUCTION AND NOTES EDITED BY CHARLES W ELIOT LLD P F COLLIER & SON COMPANY, NEW YORK (1909) INTRODUCTORY NOTE BENJAMIN FRANKLIN was born in Milk Street, Boston, on January 6, 1706. His father, Josiah Franklin, was a tallow chandler who married twice, and of his seventeen children Benjamin was the youngest son. His schooling ended at ten, and at twelve he was bound apprentice to his brother James, a printer, who published the "New England Courant." To this journal he became a contributor, and later was for a time its nominal editor. But the brothers quarreled, and Benjamin ran away, going first to New York, and thence to Philadelphia, where he arrived in October, 1723. He soon obtained work as a printer, but after a few months he was induced by Governor Keith to go to London, where, finding Keith's promises empty, he again worked as a compositor till he was brought back to Philadelphia by a merchant named Denman, who gave him a position in his business. On Denman's death he returned to his former trade, and shortly set up a printing house of his own from which he published "The Pennsylvania Gazette," to which he contributed many essays, and which he made a medium for agitating a variety of local reforms. In 1732 he began to issue his famous "Poor Richard's Almanac" for the enrichment of which he borrowed or composed those pithy utterances of worldly wisdom which are the 1 basis of a large part of his popular reputation...
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...Critique of Nonviolent Politics From Mahatma Gandhi to the Anti-Nuclear Movement by Howard Ryan (howard@netwood.net) Preface 2 Part I 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Problems of Nonviolent Theory Nonviolent Philosophy 6 Moral View: Violence Itself Is Wrong 9 Practical View: Violence Begets Violence 13 Nonviolent Theory of Power 21 Voluntary Suffering 24 Common Nonviolent Arguments 34 A Class Perspective 49 Part II 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Gandhi: A Critical History Father of Nonviolence 56 Satyagraha in South Africa 59 Textile Strike 66 Noncooperation Movement 1919-22 70 Religious Conflicts 80 Salt Satyagraha 87 Congress Ministries 97 The War Years 101 Independence and Bloodshed 111 Part III 17 18 19 20 Nonviolence in the Anti-Nuclear Movement Nonviolent Direct Action 120 Consensus Decision Making 123 Open, Friendly, and Respectful 136 Civil Disobedience 142 Epilogue 151 Notes 154 ©2002 by Howard Ryan. All rights reserved. Readers have my permission to use and distribute for non-profit and educational purposes. Critique of Nonviolent Politics 2 Preface (2002) Critique of Nonviolent Politics may be the only comprehensive critique of nonviolent theory that has been written. I wrote it between 1980 and 1984, while living in Berkeley, California. Since 1977, I had been active in the movement against nuclear power and weapons which, in California, focused its protests at the Diablo Canyon Nuclear Plant near San Luis Obispo, and at the University of California's Lawrence Livermore Labs where...
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...THE AUTOBIOGRAPHY OF BENJAMIN FRANKLIN WITH INTRODUCTION AND NOTES EDITED BY CHARLES W ELIOT LLD P F COLLIER & SON COMPANY, NEW YORK (1909) INTRODUCTORY NOTE BENJAMIN FRANKLIN was born in Milk Street, Boston, on January 6, 1706. His father, Josiah Franklin, was a tallow chandler who married twice, and of his seventeen children Benjamin was the youngest son. His schooling ended at ten, and at twelve he was bound apprentice to his brother James, a printer, who published the "New England Courant." To this journal he became a contributor, and later was for a time its nominal editor. But the brothers quarreled, and Benjamin ran away, going first to New York, and thence to Philadelphia, where he arrived in October, 1723. He soon obtained work as a printer, but after a few months he was induced by Governor Keith to go to London, where, finding Keith's promises empty, he again worked as a compositor till he was brought back to Philadelphia by a merchant named Denman, who gave him a position in his business. On Denman's death he returned to his former trade, and shortly set up a printing house of his own from which he published "The Pennsylvania Gazette," to which he contributed many essays, and which he made a medium for agitating a variety of local reforms. In 1732 he began to issue his famous "Poor Richard's Almanac" for the enrichment of which he borrowed or composed those pithy utterances of worldly wisdom which are the 1 basis of a large part of his popular reputation...
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...1 THE AUTOBIOGRAPHY OF BENJAMIN FRANKLIN WITH INTRODUCTION AND NOTES EDITED BY CHARLES W ELIOT LLD P F COLLIER & SON COMPANY, NEW YORK (1909) INTRODUCTORY NOTE BENJAMIN FRANKLIN was born in Milk Street, Boston, on January 6, 1706. His father, Josiah Franklin, was a tallow chandler who married twice, and of his seventeen children Benjamin was the youngest son. His schooling ended at ten, and at twelve he was bound apprentice to his brother James, a printer, who published the "New England Courant." To this journal he became a contributor, and later was for a time its nominal editor. But the brothers quarreled, and Benjamin ran away, going first to New York, and thence to Philadelphia, where he arrived in October, 1723. He soon obtained work as a printer, but after a few months he was induced by Governor Keith to go to London, where, finding Keith's promises empty, he again worked as a compositor till he was brought back to Philadelphia by a merchant named Denman, who gave him a position in his business. On Denman's death he returned to his former trade, and shortly set up a printing house of his own from which he published "The Pennsylvania Gazette," to which he contributed many essays, and which he made a medium for agitating a variety of local reforms. In 1732 he began to issue his famous "Poor Richard's Almanac" for the enrichment of which he borrowed or composed those pithy utterances of worldly wisdom which are the 2 basis of a large part of...
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...1 THE AUTOBIOGRAPHY OF BENJAMIN FRANKLIN WITH INTRODUCTION AND NOTES EDITED BY CHARLES W ELIOT LLD P F COLLIER & SON COMPANY, NEW YORK (1909) INTRODUCTORY NOTE BENJAMIN FRANKLIN was born in Milk Street, Boston, on January 6, 1706. His father, Josiah Franklin, was a tallow chandler who married twice, and of his seventeen children Benjamin was the youngest son. His schooling ended at ten, and at twelve he was bound apprentice to his brother James, a printer, who published the "New England Courant." To this journal he became a contributor, and later was for a time its nominal editor. But the brothers quarreled, and Benjamin ran away, going first to New York, and thence to Philadelphia, where he arrived in October, 1723. He soon obtained work as a printer, but after a few months he was induced by Governor Keith to go to London, where, finding Keith's promises empty, he again worked as a compositor till he was brought back to Philadelphia by a merchant named Denman, who gave him a position in his business. On Denman's death he returned to his former trade, and shortly set up a printing house of his own from which he published "The Pennsylvania Gazette," to which he contributed many essays, and which he made a medium for agitating a variety of local reforms. In 1732 he began to issue his famous "Poor Richard's Almanac" for the enrichment of which he borrowed or composed those pithy utterances of worldly wisdom which are the 2 basis of a large part of his...
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...Cadbury World A Case Study An overview of Cadbury World, its origins, history and operations 1 © Cadbury plc, produced by Cadbury World Marketing Team 2009 Overview This case study explains the history and product development of Cadbury World; aspects of its operational and marketing functions, as well as providing some key numerical data. It is intended to provide students and other interested parties with a snapshot view of and insight into one of the UK’s leading leisure attractions. It is strongly recommended that the case study is used in association with a visit to the attraction. Cadbury World in Context Seen as a new venture into the leisure industry when it opened in 1990, Cadbury World began its life principally as a public relations tool, but quickly became a popular half-day venue for people of all ages looking for quality leisure time. The original attraction was very educational and historical-based, with mainly static displays. Over time, Cadbury World has grown to be a family attraction of much bigger dimensions. It has maintained visitor numbers comfortably in excess of half a million annually, and returns a healthy paper profit back into Cadbury UK as well as bringing value to the company in terms of public interface and direct communication to the consumer. The original vision for Cadbury World was to provide a tourist attraction experience and provide an alternative to the demands from the general public denied access to...
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