...Two persistent critiques of quantitative experimentalism are (a) the lack of isomorphism between its measures and "reality" and (b) its failure thus far to produce "truths" useful to educational practice. These critiques have long been commented on. As early as 1918, B. R. Buckingham wrote: We may labor ingeniously at our analyses of results and may bring from afar the most potent methods which statistical theory has evolved, but we shall accomplish little if our instruments are as grossly defective as some of those which are now being employed appear to be. (p. 132) Buckingham's concern continues to be echoed by contemporary researchers: If multiple independent anecdotes are to be trusted, the computers too often have been processing in stolid seriousness worthless data produced by children who were staging mass boycotts, or deliberately sabotaging the process or making jokes out of their answers. Anecdotes of similar scandals are available for questionnaires, attitude scales and interviews. (Campbell, 1978) Too often, then, the link between results and "reality" is assumed rather than systematically investigated. Consequently, the empirical bases of educational practice are too frequently half-truths and pure fictions. BASIC PROBLEMS We quite agree with the first critique, that quantitative concepts are not isomorphic with quantitative measures. As Bateson (1980, p. 133) noted, "I can, in a sense, see the dog discriminate, but I cannot possibly see his 'discrimination...
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...Critical Analysis of a Quantitative Study Introduction Research analyzing is a process in which a research undergoes a careful examination for its strength and weakness. Analyzing a research gives the nurse a chance to know the credibility of the study, its findings to see the evidence base for practice or utilization or application of the findings into the care practice. This paper is about analysis of a research conducted in relation to wound care in primary health care. This research took place in Stockholm, Sweden. The study shows a descriptive quantitative approach in investigating district nurse wound care management. Protection of Human Participants For this study district nurses (DNs) working at primary health care centers (PHCs) were randomly selected, to make sure that differences between sample and population are a function of chance. The nurses got information in writing and verbally the reason for the study and that the information used will be confidential. Participants remained anonymous in the results presentation. Ethics Research Committee at Karolinska Institute gave an approval for the research proposed. In addition, the researchers got permission from director in each health care to obtain samples. Twenty-three primary healthcare centers met the research criteria but only five randomly were selected from Stockholm, Sweden and two sub-urbs for the study. No force for participation found. Data Collection The study involved a survey based on the...
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...Quantitative Critical Appraisal To commence this quantitative analysis the start point was to formulate a robust quantitative question in order to provide direction for the literature search. Newell & Burnard (2006) suggest that a strong question informs the research design, research method, the population, the intervention and the outcomes of interest. There are three factors for focusing questions 1. Facilitating the search for relevant evidence, 2. deciding whether the evidence is applicable to the group in question, and 3. sorting best evidence from weaker, less valid evidence (LoBiondo-Wood et al, 2002). The question was framed around the elements of PICO; standing for “patients,” “intervention,” “comparison,” and “outcome” (Boston University Medline Plus, 2000a; Craig & Smyth, 2002). The PICO approach was developed around Evidence-Based Medicine (Richardson & Wilson, 1997), and was therefore designed for clinical studies, it can though be adapted to any research context. | | |People, patients or population - who are you asking the question about? | |Intervention - what intervention are you interested in? | |Control or comparison - what are you comparing the intervention to? ...
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...Annotated Bibliography: Quantitative Critique This assignment is an annotated bibliography on resources that Team C will use for the quantitative nursing critique that is due in week three. It should also be noted that some of sources from this annotated bibliography will also be applicable for the qualitative nursing critique that is due in week five. Coughlan, M., Cronin, P., Ryan, F. (2007), Step-by-step guide to critiquing research. Part 1: Quantitative research. British Journal of Nursing, 16(11), 658-663. This article provides a step-by-step approach to understanding research terminology and provides the nurses with a basis for understanding quantitative research. The article points out that being able to read nursing research is the first step in incorporating evidence based best practices into nursing care. As referred to in the article, each stage of the process must be thoroughly examined and this article walks the inexperienced nurse through the process. Duffy, J. R. (2005). Critically appraising quantitative research. Nursing & Health Sciences, 7(4), 281-283. doi:10.1111/j.1442-2018.2005.00248.x Critical appraisal of quantitative research is important to evidence-based practice. It allows a clinician to determine whether a study is scientifically rigorous. This article describes critical appraisal as a careful process of judging the worth of a quantitative study that guide clinical decisions, as well as a structured approach for understanding the...
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...Benchmark - Research Critique Part 2 View Rubric Due Date: Apr 19, 2015 23:59:59 Max Points: 150 Details: Prepare a critical analysis of a quantitative study focusing on protection of human participants, data collection, data management and analysis, problem statement, and interpretation of findings. The quantitative research article can be from your previous literature review or a new peer-reviewed article. Each study analysis will be 1,000-1,250 words and submitted in one document. As with the assignments in Topics 1-3, this should connect to your identified practice problem of interest. Refer to the resource entitled “Research Critique Part 2.” Questions under each heading should be addressed as a narrative, in the structure of a formal paper. You are also required to include an Introduction and Conclusion. Prepare this assignment according to the APA guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. An abstract is not required. This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion. You are required to submit this assignment to Turnitin. Submit the assignment along with an electronic version of the article used for the analysis. If an electronic version is not available, submit a clean unmarked copy of the article. NRS433V.v10R.ResearchCritiquePart2Guidelines_student.docx ------------------------------------------------- ...
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...areas of nursing practice, which evidence-based practice has improved patient outcomes. State the study and its impact on patient care. How have these findings changed your nursing practice? Please support your response with a minimum of two supporting peer reviewed articles. NRS-433V Module 1 DQ 2 What similarities and differences can you identify between the nursing process and the research process? NRS-433V Module 2 DQ 1 The theoretical foundations of qualitative and quantitative methods are very different, but many researchers believe both methods should be used in the research study to increase validity and reliability. What advantages or disadvantages do you see in using both types of methods in a nursing study? Support your answer with current evidence-based literature. NRS-433V Module 2 DQ 2 Nursing research is used to study a dilemma or a problem in nursing. Examine a problem you have seen in nursing. Why should it be studied? Justify your rationale. NRS-433V Module 3 DQ 1 The three types of qualitative research are phenomenological, grounded theory, and ethnographic research. What are the differences and similarities between two of the three types of studies? NRS-433V Module 3 DQ 2 Qualitative data has been described as voluminous and sometimes overwhelming to the researcher. In what ways could a researcher manage and organize the data? NRS-433V Module 4 DQ 1 Extraneous variables may have an influence on the dependent variable. In what ways do researchers...
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...TITLE: NRSG 507: Theory and Research Applications CREDIT ALLOCATION: 3 Semester hours PLACEMENT: Tuesdays 1:00 – 3:50 PM Rm. 201 FACULTY: Catherine Vena, PhD, RN | Eun Seok (Julie) Cha, PhD, RN | Clinical Associate Professor | Assistant Professor | Room 224 | Room 234 | cvena@emory.edu | echa5@emory.edu | 404-727-8430 | 404-712-9578 | Office Hours: By appointment | Office Hours: By appointment | COURSE DESCRIPTION: This course is an introduction to the theoretical and research foundations of advanced nursing practice. Key content to be covered includes the philosophical basis of science and knowledge, the structure and development of theory, qualitative and quantitative research methods, theory and research critique, and the application of theory and research in advanced nursing practice. It delineates research competencies for advanced practice nurses. The course encompasses critique of studies, application of research findings to practice (research utilization) and evaluation of outcomes attributable to advanced practice nursing. Ethical considerations related to research are integrated throughout the course. COURSE OBJECTIVES/OUTCOMES: 1. Understand the relationship between theory, research, and practice. 2. Critique and evaluate theoretical perspectives and research methods used to address clinical problems. 3. Understand qualitative and quantitative methodologies and their appropriateness...
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...1 Feminist Theory and Survey Research “The idea that there is only ‘one road’ to the feminist revolution, and only one type of ‘truly feminist’ research, is as limiting and as offensive as male-biased accounts of research that have gone before.” ~Liz Stanley and Sue Wise, 1983, p. 26. Introduction Over the past three decades, feminist methodologists have hammered home one point with surprising regularity: Feminist research takes a variety of legitimate forms; there is no “distinctive feminist method of research” (Harding, 1987; see also Chafetz, 2004a, 2004b; Fonow & Cook, 2005; Hawkesworth, 2006; Hesse-Biber, 2007; Risman, Sprague, & Howard, 1993; and Sprague, 2005). And yet, to this day, the relationship between feminist theory and quantitative social science research remains uneasy. Among feminist scholars, quantitative research is often seen as suspect for its association with positivism and its pretense of objectivity (among other things). At the same time, among quantitative researchers, feminist-identified work is often dismissed as “biased,” “activist,” or “substantively marginal.” While a number of scholars have recently published works outlining a “feminist” approach to social science research, these books have generally steered clear of quantitative survey research. Some authors of feminist 1 2— Feminist Measures in Survey Research methods texts limit their discussion of feminist survey research to a small section (e.g., Hesse-Biber, 2007; Reinharz, 1992;...
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...INTRODUCTION A research design is the framework or guide used for the planning, implementation, and analysis of a study SIGNIFICANCE Research design offers the investigator an opportunity to carry out different research operations efficiently. This makes research as valuable as possible producing maximum information with minimum effort, time and money. It is the plan for answering the research question or hypothesis. Different types of questions or hypotheses demand different types of research designs, so it is important to have a broad preparation and understanding of the different types of research designs available. Research designs are most often classified as either quantitative or qualitative. Research...
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...Research Critique, Part 1 Grand Canyon University: NRS-433V April 03, 2016 Research Critique, Part 1 While reading a research article, it is important to be able to critique the article properly. A thorough critique would enable the reader to make an educated opinion with regards to the scientific study. In this paper, a research article about urinary catheter removal after surgery will be critiqued. The problem statement, purpose and research questions, literature review and conceptual/theoretical framework will be reviewed. Problem Statement Catheterization is a frequently part of care for various surgical procedures. The study confirmed that patients lacked knowledge in catheterization and most of the patients were limited in decision making on when the catheter was to be removed. The clinical problem and research problem that led to the study being carried in the clinic was that the use of urinary catheter on patients, whom had not vacated the hospital. This lead to advanced bacterial settlement in the bladder at a rate of about 5% on a daily basis (Bhardwaj, et al., 2012). The increasing threat of the CAUTI infection steered the adoption of major interventions for the lifesaving initiative. The motive of the study was to reduce chances of the patients who had surgical experience and had been catheterized from being infected with CAUTI. Repetitive placement of a urinary catheter for lengthier period of more than two days after surgery was...
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...NUR: 553 Developing Research 2 To show an in-depth understanding of the research process and its components this assignment will use a study conducted by Wills et al. (2005) to critique. Within the assignment there will be a description of the qualitative methodology used, followed by a discussion of the strengths and weakness and its appropriateness and relevance of the design for the study. It will then go on to critique the title of the study, the abstract, the literature review, the method and design and the data collection section of the study. To conclude this assignment there will a brief summary. A qualitative research approach seeks to understand humans by exploring their experiences, attitudes and behaviour (Dawson, 2009). It relies on methods that allow the researcher into the personal, intimate and private world of the participants (Polgar and Thomas, 2008). Qualitative research designs allow for in-depth assessments and the opportunity to put participant’s responses in context (Parahoo, 2006). Data collection methods include in-depth interviews, observations, recordings and other documentation (Parahoo, 2006). In qualitative research the hypotheses are generated during data collection and analysis, and measurement tends to be subjective (Parahoo, 2006). The flexibility in the nature of qualitative exploration also applies to the size of the samples and the sampling techniques (Parahoo, 2006). According to Polit (2010) qualitative research is based on the quality...
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...Qualitative Nursing Research Critique Cherie L. Ben Melanie McKnight, Annie Williams NUR 515 Nursing Research August 15, 2015 Professor Susan Steele- Moses Qualitative Nursing Research Critique Qualitative nursing research, has been building momentum in the health care arena for some time now. Qualitative nursing research is valuable to knowledge related to evidenced based practice. For instance, human responses are studied and questions related to potential or actual health problems or diseases are answered. Concepts and Phenomenon are studied and the results are interpretive. Qualitative nursing research is valuable but because outcomes and data aren’t precisely measured, as in quantitative research, critiques are more frequent. “There is a growing body of research to support the view that health care providers are biased in their approach to caring for obese patients” (Creel, 2012). I am providing a qualitative nursing research critique on the article, “Stigmatization of Overweight Patients by Nurses”. Purpose and Problem Identification The focus and purpose of this qualitative nursing research study is to investigate and explore the phenomenon of the stigmatization of overweight patients by their nurses or the nursing staff. The purpose of this qualitative nursing research study is clearly stated in the abstract and under the purpose subheading within the article. The problems that lead to the production of this article was that the increasing number...
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...Research Critique Part 1: A Qualitative Study on Preventing Hospital-acquired Urinary Tract Infection in United Sates Medical Facilities Donna Frazier Grand Canyon University Introduction to Nursing Research NRS-433V Chris Thompson-Sanxter February 01, 2013 Research Critique Part 1: A Qualitative Study on Preventing Hospital-acquired Urinary Tract Infection in United Sates Medical Facilities Problem Statement The clinical problem in this research article identified as hospital-acquired urinary tract infections in US hospitals and the research problem focused on how to prevent hospital-acquired urinary tract infections. Though urinary tract infections are the most common hospital-acquired infection, accounting for 40% of all nosocomial infections, there is very little information as to why hospitals do or do not use the available preventative methods. (Sanjay, et al., 2008) Purpose and Research Questions A list of questions were designed using the qualitative method, then used in 38 semi-regulated phone interviews with crucial staff at 14 expressly chosen hospitals and 39 face-to-face interviews at five of those fourteen medical facilities, to identify persistent and integrated ideas that describe in what way healthcare facilities tackled the dilemma of hospital-acquired urinary tract infections. (Sanjay, et al., 2008) The personnel interviewed were able to speak their thoughts freely since the data collection was so accommodating by using open-ended questions...
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...statement should include not only the topic that originally prompted the research, but it should also state the reasons that lead to formulating new questions about the identified dilemma (Polit & Beck, 2010, p. 151). The researcher’s interest is also reflected in the issue under inquiry within the context of qualitative research. There has to be a rational need for investigation, a valid reason behind the questioning, and a degree of reliability for the source of motivation or need, as explained by McCaslin &Wilson (2003) "Your objective, your reason for conducting your study, derives from some issue of importance to you that can be substantiated through a body of evidence from the literature. Once you recognize what that issue is, you have a rudimentary problem statement" (p. 451). The problem statement should be critiqued based on completeness of presentation with all the necessary elements: (Polit and Beck, 2010, pp. 150, 152) The problem should be easily identifiable and should be scrutinized under the elements of identifying the nature of the problem, context or background, the dimensions of the problem should be given (is it an extensive problem?, how many people are involved), as well as any information that is identified as still needed in order to conduct the research. Quantitative research also requires certain elements to be present within the problem statement. As with qualitative research, identifying a driving force, a rationale...
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...Essay 1 – Research methods and Methodological Perspectives Different philosophical foundation create a division in social research methods into two key approaches namely qualitative method which is associated with interprevitism and quantitative methods which is associated with positivism. The main difference between these methodological approaches is that qualitative research is about the expression of meaning. Bowling 2002 defines qualitative research as a “method of naturalistic enquiry which is usually less obtrusive than quantitative investigations and does not manipulate a research setting.”(Bowling 2002). It is as a result of this naturalistic enquiry that feelings or expressions are derived in relation to a particular issue. This process of expressing feelings or thoughts is also known as Phenomenology. Bowling 2002 quoting Smart 1976 states that phenomenology is “based on the paradigm that reality is multiple and socially constructed through the interaction of individuals who use symbols to interpret each other and assign meanings to perceptions and experience; these are not imposed by external forces”. (Bowling 2002). Through the phenomology process research is interactive with the respondent and researcher and is performed through open-ended, unstructured or participant observation and in-depth interviews. The data is collected through a mutual understanding between the researcher and the respondent. Hence the phenomenology process is commonly called the “naturalistic...
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