...For the last fifty years computers have grown faster, smaller, and more powerful, transforming and benefiting our society in ways too much to count. But like any exponential explosion of resources, this growth known as Moore's law must soon come to an end. Research has already begun on what comes after our current computing revolution. This research has discovered the possibility for an entirely new type of computer, one that operates according to the laws of quantum physics, a quantum computer. A quantum computer would not just be a traditional computer built out of different parts, but a machine that would exploit the laws of quantum physics to perform certain information processing tasks in a better and more efficient manner. One demonstration of this potential is that quantum computers would break the codes that protect our modern computing infrastructure the security of every Internet transaction would be broken if a quantum computer were to be built. This potential has made quantum computing a national security concern. Yet at the same time, quantum computers will also revolutionize large parts of science in a more benevolent way. Simulating large quantum systems, something a quantum computer can easily do, is not practically possible on a traditional computer. A technology of quantum computers is also very different. For operation, quantum computer uses quantum bits (qubits). Qubit has a quaternary nature. Quantum mechanic’s laws are completely different from the laws...
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...already have to deal with problems which classical computers are unable to solve, for example, simulations of atomic quantum systems. For this very reason researchers all around the world started to put their efforts into creating a fully functional quantum computer. HOW DO QUANTUM COMPUTERS WORK? As you might know, classical computers operate in bits, which can have one of the two values at the time: either 1 or 0. However, quantum computers operate in quantum bits or qubits, which are usually represented by such particles like atoms, ions, electrons, and photons. All of these particles have a property called superposition, which means that they can be of two states at the same time, that is a qubit can represent both 1 and 0 at the same time. To put it simply we can illustrate superposition with a famous physicist’s Erwin Schrodinger’s thought experiment: if we put a living cat in a closed box rigged with a device that can randomly release poison (there is equal probability that it will release and won’t) we can say that until we open the box to check the state of the cat, it’s both dead and alive at the same time. And that’s the whole reason why quantum computers are superior to classical ones. For example, a 3 bit register can save only one of the 8 (23) possible bit combinations at the time, but a quantum register of the same size could save all of the combinations at the same time. To take another example, only 500 qubit quantum register could save a number of possible combinations...
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...QUANTUM COMPUTER BY QUANTUM MATHEMATICS Research Assistant: Quantum Mathematics Research and Development Private Limited. HaritaBhargava haritabhargava@ymail.com Abstract-. India gives its greatest contribution toward Intellectual property in form of SANHKYA YOGA. We know very new name of INDIA by BHARAT IT gives us necessary clue. BHA = LIGHT + KNOWLEDGERATA = DEVOTED So BHARAT means DEVOTED to LIGHT & KNOWLEDGE. The model for which modern science search is already available in SANKHYA YOGA. Sankhya yoga like INTELLECTUALPROPERTY is unparallel in the world. Sankhya is a philosophical doctrine which counts the categories which constitute this world. Computer science gives it the name “DIGITAL DECADE”. Cosmology presents it in name of “UNCERTANITY PRINCIPLE” IT is being researched in the form of Quantum (wave & particle) in physics department. In future, it will be known as Medical compiler. [R4] Terms and condition : INNOVATION – RESPECT IT Under the WTO provision of TRIPS I. INTRODUCTION Article 8.1 - That agreement is to be put into effect by member countries through implementing laws. The provision of the agreement is addressed to member countries. It does not directly modify the legal sanction of private parties, who cannot claim rights based on the agreement until they are translated into national law. Article 9.2 - The concept of fair use seeks to balance granting authors sufficient incentives to create new works against the interest of the public and future...
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...QUANTUM COMPUTER BY QUANTUM MATHEMATICS Research Assistant: Quantum Mathematics Research and Development Private Limited. HaritaBhargava haritabhargava@ymail.com Abstract-. India gives its greatest contribution toward Intellectual property in form of SANHKYA YOGA. We know very new name of INDIA by BHARAT IT gives us necessary clue. BHA = LIGHT + KNOWLEDGERATA = DEVOTED So BHARAT means DEVOTED to LIGHT & KNOWLEDGE. The model for which modern science search is already available in SANKHYA YOGA. Sankhya yoga like INTELLECTUALPROPERTY is unparallel in the world. Sankhya is a philosophical doctrine which counts the categories which constitute this world. Computer science gives it the name “DIGITAL DECADE”. Cosmology presents it in name of “UNCERTANITY PRINCIPLE” IT is being researched in the form of Quantum (wave & particle) in physics department. In future, it will be known as Medical compiler. [R4] Terms and condition : INNOVATION – RESPECT IT Under the WTO provision of TRIPS I. INTRODUCTION Article 8.1 - That agreement is to be put into effect by member countries through implementing laws. The provision of the agreement is addressed to member countries. It does not directly modify the legal sanction of private parties, who cannot claim rights based on the agreement until they are translated into national law. Article 9.2 - The concept of fair use seeks to balance granting authors sufficient incentives to create new works against the interest of the public and future...
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...available to the world is a triumph mainly attributable to breakthroughs such as those given by Tim Berners-Lee with his introduction of the World Wide Web in the early 1990’s, and constant developments in computer science and computational power made possible through advances in microprocessing capabilities which seem to be paralleling closely with forecasts given by Moore’s Law (Greenemeir, 2009). Moore’s Law, which is not exactly a law, is an estimation regarding the progression deemed possible in an integrated circuit. It was postulated by one of the founders of Intel, Dr. Gordon Moore, who stated that the number of transistors placed on a circuit will double roughly every 18 months (Colwell, 2013), and the capacity to follow this trend will end at a critical point when transistors become so close together that the manifestations of quantum mechanics will begin to transpire (Tally, 2012). Classical computers have undoubtedly reshaped our world and have provided incalculable progress unforeseen through the eyes of some of history’s greatest academics. Early computers were mammoth-sized mechanical devices utilized by the military for processing information that would take humans hours by manual calculation alone (Watson, 2012). Computers, in the days prior to digital computers, were actual people who would literally compute information for whatever their task or job may have been. Though these positions were often filled with clever mathematicians, their capacity to compute problems...
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...A quantum computer could also create indestructible encryption, and unlock any existing computer security as easily as you unzip your fly. We’re entering an era of cyberwar, so imagine how power might shift if one country gets the ability to invade any other country’s computer systems while putting up the ultimate computer defenses. That’s a major reason nations are pouring money into this research. The U.K., China, Russia, Australia, Netherlands and other countries are in the game. In the U.S., the CIA, National Security Agency and Pentagon are all funding research, while Los Alamos National Laboratory operates one of the most significant quantum computer labs. Negotiations to keep nuclear weapons from Iran are certainly critical, but if you play out the promise of quantum computing, an American machine could bust into Iranian systems and shut down all that country’s nuclear activity in an instant. It’s like a game of rock-paper-scissors: Nukes might be the world’s version of a rock, but quantum computers would be paper, winning every time. And yet, quantum computing research isn’t self-contained and secretive in the manner of the Los Alamos atomic bomb work during World War II. Some of it is academic work at universities such as the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, with findings shared in scientific papers. Technology companies are working on this, too, since these things have the potential to be business nukes. IBM, Google and Microsoft all fund research. Imagine...
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...Quantum computing - The potential and complications of the Qubit Introduction A Quantum computer (QC) is a computer that utilises quantum phenomena to perform operations on data and increase the computational power beyond that which is attainable by traditional computers. QCs differ from traditional computers, which use transistors and diodes to store information in binary form (1 or 0), by using quantum properties to represent data and perform operations (Rice University, 2000). While no QCs currently exist they have the potential to overtake current computers in terms of size and computing capabilities. The creation of a fully functional QC would change the way people communicate and the encryption methods used to secure valuable data. This report will discuss the basic unit of the QC, the qubit, and the potential a working QC has while also touching on the complications inherent in trying to manipulate objects at a quantum level and whether the quantum phenomena used are necessary to improve computational power or if merely making The Qubit and the Bit The basic unit of computing is called the bit and is usually represented by a transistor or diode; the transistor could represent a 0 while off and a 1 while charged. By using 8 bits (8 bits make up a byte) together it is possible to create 256 different combinations that can be used to represent text and instructions for a computer to run. When using 8-bit binary code the most commonly used format is the American Standard...
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...Jeff Knight GS1140 Problem Solving Theory 4/9/15 Teacher Module Three: Generating Solutions Using Futuring: As we progress in our technological world where everyone is interested in the next iPhone or Samsung Galaxy, quantum computers are still moving forward. It seems that only computer "nerds" seem to care and understand this wonder. What if all of the theories, concepts, and everything else that makes up what quantum computers are and will be, is presented in a way that everyone can understand. The way that quantum computers can be divided is into three main areas: quantum physics, quantum bits or (qubits), and their future goals. To better understand how quantum computers work, you need to start with what clearly defines a quantum computer: A quantum computer is a computer design which uses the principles of quantum physics to increase the computational power beyond what is attainable by a traditional computer. Quantum computers use two fundamental principles of quantum physics: superposition and entanglement. Quantum superposition is where the state of a physical system exists in all possible states at the same time. Then the physical system is only giving one state to the collection device. A good example of this is the famous Schrödinger's Cat, a thought experiment purposed by Erwin Schrödinger in 1935, where Schrödinger talks about having a cat in a closed box with a vial of poisonous acid with a hammer that will break the vial if any radioactivity is detected...
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...experimental computer made by a Canadian company has proved its ability to solve increasingly complex mathematical problems. But the question remains — just how much of this calculating power is actually due to the strange properties of quantum mechanics? In theory, quantum computers can perform calculations far faster than their classical counterparts to solve incredibly complex problems. They do this by storing information in quantum bits, or qubits. At any given moment, each of a classical computer's bits can only be in an “on” or an “off” state. They exist inside conventional electronic circuits, which follow the 19th-century rules of classical physics. A qubit, on the other hand, can be created with an electron, or inside a superconducting loop. Obeying the counterintuitive logic of quantum mechanics, a qubit can act as if it’s “on” and “off” simultaneously. It can also become tightly linked to the state of its fellow qubits, a situation called entanglement. These are two of the unusual properties that enable quantum computers to test multiple solutions at the same time. But in practice, a physical quantum computer is incredibly difficult to run. Entanglement is delicate, and very easily disrupted by outside influences. Add more qubits to increase the device's calculating power, and it becomes more difficult to maintain entanglement. Instead of struggling to keep ever-larger numbers of qubits in balance, D-Wave Systems invested in a different kind of quantum computer...
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...Seminar Synopsis Topic Introduction to Quantum Computer Abstract Overview: A classical computer has a memory made up of bits, where each bit is represented by either a one or a zero. A quantum computer maintains a sequence of qubits. What is qubits A single qubit can represent a one, a zero, or any quantum superposition of those two qubit states; a pair of qubits can be in any quantum superposition of 4 states, and three qubits in any superposition of 8 states. In general, a quantum computer with n qubits can be in an arbitrary superposition of up to 2^n different states simultaneously (this compares to a normal computer that can only be in one of these 2^n states at any one time). A quantum computer operates by setting the qubits in a controlled initial state that represents the problem at hand and by manipulating those qubits with a fixed sequence of quantum logic gates. The sequence of gates to be applied is called a quantum algorithm. The calculation ends with a measurement, collapsing the system of qubits into one of the 2^n pure states, where each qubit is zero or one, decomposing into a classical state. The outcome can therefore be at most n classical bits of information. Quantum algorithms are often non-deterministic, in that they provide the correct solution only with a certain known probability. Quantum computing studies theoretical computation systems (quantum computers) that make direct use of quantum-mechanical phenomena, such as superposition and entanglement...
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...Quantum Computers & Quantum Cryptography Innovations in IT Mayi UmBayemake Health Informatics 500 May 17, 2015 Abstract This research pertains to Quantum Computers and Cryptography. These topics have emerged greatly in the past few years, are proven to be very important and useful to businesses. The use of quantum computers and cryptography will be able to offer faster processing of information and security. Quantum computers are being developed with qubits to hold an exponential amount of data. This could be proven a necessity for any business or organization. Quantum Cryptography is the ability to encode data on a computer making it difficult for it to be decoded. This causes the data to be nearly impossible for copying. In this paper I will discuss how this emerging technology will benefit my organization. Introduction The topic of technology is an ever revolving topic that changes happen daily. From phones, to computers, vehicles and anything that you can think of, technology has made its impact. Computers have been the fastest evolving technology for decades. Computers have changed so much that people have given up on learning all of the updated emergences. Quantum technology has been in the making for years now. This system is supposed to offer a faster and discrete way to process information. Albert Einstein and his associates did not believe in the viability of Quantum mechanics and felt that its “power” will never be harnessed. They presented many theories...
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...Quantum Quandaries by Heath Miller December 8th 2012 What if you could transfer a file faster than the speed of light on a connection with air-tight security? You could connect to a computer anywhere around the world in the blink of an eye and never have to worry about malicious activity. It seems impossible, right? Not necessarily. It could actually be done by using a quantum network. A true quantum network would be much faster than any connection we could implement with our current telecommunications hardware. In fact, a signal transferred over a true quantum connection wouldn’t take time to transfer whatsoever. It would literally arrive instantly, and would be sent using physical properties that dictate the mechanics of the entire universe. The implications of harnessing these phenomena are astounding. In a 2011 article written in by Lydia Leavitt it states that, “Researchers at the University of Copenhagen's Niels Bohr Institute have discovered what might be the key to completely secure data transfer, keeping particles ‘entangled’ for up to an hour. Until now, the link between two entangled systems could only be maintained for a fraction of a second. This development could enable a direct link between two systems of communication” (engadget.com, N.P.). This could mean incredible things for our communication systems. Don’t think that speed and convenience aren’t the only benefits we would reap either. There would be countless new tools and abilities that would...
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...construct of observation. The properties of certain immutable cosmic laws of the universe, physics and even mentality intertwine to depict a reality of literal imagination. The purpose of this thesis is to prove this very cogitation; the universe is most likely intangible and thus holographic by nature. Since, as human beings, our experience is totally confined to perception and it’s interpretation and due to many anomalous events and devices within the physical world; there lies credence in this theory. Anomalous objects such as black holes and their “informational paradox”, dark matter, atomic structure and even the manner of which the brain works all play a crucial role in supporting this outrageous, yet sensible idea. Keywords: quantum physics, reality, gravity, observation, perception Page 2 Information; the basis of the 21st century and the driving force behind mankind’s monumental bounds forward in technology. We presently live in an age where information can be shared seamlessly and instantly between areas that are very distant. The World Wide Web can serve as a crude hyperbole of the universe as a whole; the power of the internet and its...
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...they were discovered, it was thought that everything revolved around the earth); albeit all of these stars and planets were discovered before Galileo’s telescope. The tool still helped gain better calculations of the stars, which helped Galileo support Nicolaus Copernicus’ heliocentric (sun-centered) solar system as opposed to the geocentric (earth-centered) solar system that people in those times believed. With Isaac Newton, one of the most famous physicists, discovering most of laws of motion through his studies in astronomy, Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica, one of the greatest works in the Scientific Revolution, was born. From Newtonian physics, theories of fluid mechanics, electricity and magnetism, and most importantly, quantum mechanics. Further along the line of the history of telescopes, humans eventually needed to see deeper into space. This was revolutionary because now mankind wasn’t just looking up into the constellations and the movement of the sun and the moon, now they were actually...
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...Arturo Alcaraz (Philippines) - Instrumental in a team of scientists, who in 1967 were able to harness steam from a volcano resulting in the production of electricity. Diosdado Banatao (Philippines) - Improved computer performance throughthe development of accelerator chips, helping to make the Internet a reality. Marie Curie (Poland) - Winner of two Nobel Prizes in Chemistry and Physicsfor her studies into Radioactivity and her discoveries of Radium and Polonium. Paul Dirac (England) - An important contributor in the fields of QuantumMechanics and Electro Dynamics, Dirac was co-winner of the Nobel Prize inPhysics (1933). Albert Einstein (Germany) - Arguably needing no introduction, the most famous scientist that lived and a name that has become synonymous in popular culture with the highest intelligence. Enrico Fermi (Italy) - Heavily involved in the development of the world's first nuclear reactor and his work in induced radioactivity saw him awarded with the 1938 Nobel Prize in Physics. Vitaly Ginzburg (Russia) - One of three recipients of the 2003 Nobel inPhysics for their pioneering work in the theory of superconductors and superfluids. Christiaan Huygens (Netherlands) - Most well known for his wave theory of light, Huygens is credited with discovering the first of Saturn's moons. Werner Israel (Canada) - In 1990 Israel co-pioneered a study on black hole interiors. Ali Javan (Iran) - Born in Tehran, Ali Javan is listed as one of the top 100 living...
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