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Question 4

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Submitted By Rotma
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4שאלה 4
ניתוח חמשת הכוחות של פורטר עבור יצרני התרכיז:
כוח המיקוח של הלקוחות –נמוך: * המבקבקים מחזיקים בבעלותם מערך מכירות וייצור בטריטוריה גיאוגרפית אקסלוסיבית, עם זכויות המובטחות לנצח ע"י הזכייןת סיום ההסכם רק אם המבקבק מחליט. * מספר מועט של מבקבקים גדולים, שחלקם מוחזקים ע"י יצרני התרכיז * התחרות המותגית הפנימית של המשקאות הקלים ב1980 שימרה את זכויות יצרני התרכיז לתת טריטוריות אקסלוסיביות למבקבקים, ובכך נתנו פחות כוח למיקוח לקונים מהמבקבקים.. כי אין להם תחליף. * המבקבקים נעולים בחוזים המאפשרים ליצרני אתרכיז את הזכות לקבוע מחירים ותנאים אחרים של מכירה. * המבקבקים רשאים לנהל עבודה עם מותגים שאינם קולה, של יצרני תרכיז אחרים, לפי ראות עיניהם. * ניתן חופש למבקבקים בכל הקשור ללקיחת החלטה האם להשיק מוצרים חדשים של יצרני התכיז או לא אבל לא יכולים להשיק מתחרים ישירים שלהם. * התחרות על שטח מדף בערוצים הקמעונאים נותן יותר כוח מיקוח לקונים.
כוח מיקוח של הספקים –נמוך: * יצרני התרכיז מנהלים מו"מ ישירות מול הספקים של המבקבקים הגדולים – בעיקר של הממתיקים והאירוז – על מנת לעודד אספקה אמינה, משלוח מהיר יותר ומחירים נמוכים יותר. * קוקה קולה ופפסי הם מבין הלקוחות הגדולים ביותר של תעשיות פחית המתכת ושומרים על יחסים עם יותר מספק אחד, מה שנותן לספקים פחות כוח מיקוח כי יש ספקים אלטרנטיביים. פחיות מתכת הם הרוב של האירוז למבקבקים – 60%. בנוסף יש שימוש בבקבוקי פלסטיק (38%) ובקבוקי זכוכית (2%).
איום כניסה של מתחרים חדשים –נמוך: * חברות עם ערוצי הפצה מדלת לדלת כמו חברות חטיפים יכולות להחליט לגוון ולהכנס לתעשייה. * "עלויות החלפה" נמוכות ללקוחות שמסכנים מעט מאוד בכך שהם מנסים מותגים או משקאות חדשים. * מחסומים לכניסה יחסית גבוהים בגלל תקציבי הפרסום גדול והנאמנות למותגים התחרותיים פפסי וקולה הענקיים. * המשקאות עם הצמיחה הגדולה הם המשקאות הלא מוגזים כמו מיצים מים בבקבוקים תה בבקבוקים.
איומים של תחליפים – נמוך:
2 חברות שולטות בשוק.
עוצמת התחרות בין חברות קיימות – גבוהה: * התעשייה מגובשת סביב 2 שחקנים גדולים ומספר מתחרים קטנים וכולם תלויים אחד בשני. * דרישה בינלאומית למשקאות מוגזים צומחתת אבל הדרישה לצריכה הביתית יורדת באופן ניכר. * חסמי היציאה למבקבקים גבוהים מאוד בגלל הציוד היקר
תקציבי הפרסום גבוהיםת הלקוחות מושפעים מתפיסת המותג.

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