questions 1-35

All of the following are considered exceptions to the general rule that there is no duty to rescue except:
Answer

Contract – lifeguards, for example, have signed contracts agreeing to rescue people in exchange for pay and benefits. Witnessing an accident – this creates a duty to step in and help the injured Child abuse- statutes in nearly all states require that one report suspected child abuse. Endangerment – if one puts another in danger, then he/she is obligated to rescue that person.

5 points

• Question 1 of 35
According to Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission, which of the following is not a reason to allow corporations the right to spend money and advertise for political candidates?
Answer

Political speech is the most important, and most protected, speech that exists. It is crucial to the democratic process that political speech be encouraged and heard. The immense wealth of a corporation allows it to be the most accurate in providing messages to people. Presidents and members of Congress often consult with corporate leaders on a number of issues, suppressing all corporate political speech would eliminate the ability for non-profits and smaller corporations to oppose or reject publicly the position of those larger corporations being consulted. Restrictions do not protect minority or dissenting shareholders because they can address disagreement through the corporate democratic process.

5 points

• Question 2 of 35

The best example of a source for virtue ethics for a business is
• Answer newspapers articles about the corporation. the corporate mission statement. the documentation in human resources justifying the hiring of new staff. the resumes of the members of the board of directors and the officers.

• Which of the following statements is INCORRECT regarding the rights of shareholders?
I. voting power on major issues and ownership in a portion of the company
II. right to transfer ownership and dividend entitlement
III. hire and fire management and select and appoint a chief executive
• Answer I and II I, II, and III I only III only
• 5 points

Assuming a business ethical dilemma, which statement best illustrates Gilligan approach suggested in her theory of “The Ethics of Care”?
Answer

individual rights and justice for all applies only to women and not men care and responsibility to others obedience to independent moral rules or duties

The Constitution does not always protect free-speech rights for what public employees say on the job. Which of the following is true?
Answer

When a citizen enters government service, the citizen need not accept certain limitations on his or her freedom. Public employees may speak out on matters of public concern and have First Amendment protection but not when they speak out in the course of their official duties. As public employees speak out and receive First Amendment protection, there is an acceptable chilling of the speech of all potential whistleblowers. None of the above

5 points

To determine whether a public employee receives First Amendment protection from speech (and therefore cannot be fired for it), the Supreme Court has stated that all of the following are important except:
Answer

The employer must have a justification for treating the employee differently than it would treat a member of the general public. The speech cannot be about political topics. The speech must be about something of great public concern. The speech cannot be made as part of the employment (such as an internal memorandum).

5 points

Exceptions to the rule of employment-at-will include which of the following?
I. organization of unions
II. passage of Sarbanes Oxley Act
III. raising of public policy issues
IV. promise of implied-contract or covenant-of-good-faith
Answer

I only II only I and II I, II, III, IV

Select the best definition of whistleblower:
Answer

the sole goal of modern ethics training originated from the Latin "qui tam pro domino rege quam pro sic ipso in hoc parte sequitur" meaning "who as well for the king as for himself sues in this matter." a narrow exception under the general rule of at-will employment people who report unethical or illegal activities under the control of their employers

In the essay, Work Matters, by law professor Marion Crain, all of the following are the result of working except:
Answer

People become self-sufficient. People become more engaged in the democratic process. People become more engaged in society and social issues. People stay out of jail.

As Facebook and other social media sites grow in users and popularity
Answer

There has been wide agreement that the expectation of privacy in those sites is nonexistent. The sites have gotten more and more protective of their user’s information. Many user’s have been unhappy with the privacy policies of the sites. The sites have eliminated privacy policies as they were the source of too many lawsuits.

5 points

In considering the legality of employer interception of employee e-mails at work, pick the correct statement.
I. Employees have complete expectation of privacy since they can select their password for in-house and remote access of e-mails.
II. A subpoena is required by the employer to read any e-mail that is clearly marked “confidential” by the employee.
III. No expectation of privacy exists over an employer-owned computer system at work.
IV. Statement by the employer that e-mails are confidential and privileged cannot be later used by an employer to defeat an employee’s claim of privacy
Answer

I only II only III only I and IV

A majority of states have enacted "lifestyle rights laws" that protect workers' off-duty activities including cases of smoking, cohabitation, drinking. and single parenthood. What is the least effective argument by an employer to regulate off-the-clock activities in a state that has not enacted such lifestyle rights legislation?
Answer

It will provide a healthy work force. Unregulated employees are less productive. There is no invasion of privacy since the employee is “at will.” To prevent higher health care and insurance costs.

The United States Constitution, Fourth Amendment provides "[t]he right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated... " Privacy rights are triggered under the Fourth Amendment:
Answer

when a corporation has authorized an agent with direct authority to perform an electronic search of an employee’s e-mail account. upon issuance of a subpoena duces tecum to bring electronic data (e-mails, files, etc.) including electronic metadata such as headers, directional information, and other such useful tracking data. when the government is the primary actor. during an archival search of e-mails on a corporation’s server.

One reason employers use to justify giving honesty or integrity tests is:
Answer

History shows that employees that tell even a small lie on those tests are extremely likely to steal from the business. Most employers use the test to calculate complex personality matches between employees when placing them on groups or teams in the business. Employee theft is a tremendous expense each year and employers believe that these tests will remove the largest potential offenders. Employers want something in the file they can try to use later to fire someone if it things don’t work out.

5 points

John Smith was assaulted on the loading dock by a coworker, Jim Jones, at the Acme Widget Company. The attack was unprovoked by Smith. After the physical assault, there was an angry verbal exchange between the parties. The incident ended when Jones yelled that Smith was a “sissy” and “everybody knows you're queer as a three dollar bill." Which of the following statements best describes the outcome of the harassment lawsuit filed by Smith under The Civil Right Act of 1964? I. Sex discrimination is prohibited by federal law (The Civil Right Act of 1964).
II. Sexual orientation discrimination is prohibited by federal law (The Civil Right Act of 1964).
III. Suits based on harassment due to sexual orientation cannot prevail when based on local or state laws.
IV. Sexual orientation discrimination is not prohibited by federal law (Title VII).
Answer

I only II only III only I and IV

To establish a prima facie case of religious discrimination, the employee has to show all of the following except which one:
Answer

That religion has been a significant part of the employee’s life for a significant amount of time. That the employee has a sincerely held religious belief. That the employer was on notice that the religious belief was in conflict with the employer’s request. That there was a negative employment action based on a conflict between the religious belief and the employment requirement.

5 points

Employment practices without business justification applied to all employees that result in a less favorable effect for one group than for another group may state a claim for:
Answer

disparate treatment disparate impact inclusion reasonable accommodation

Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 prohibits employment discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin. Which of the following federal government agencies is charged with enforcing this statute?
Answer

U.S. Department of Labor Merit Systems Protection Board Office of Personnel Management Equal Employment Opportunity Commission

5 points

Equal protection is the constitutional guarantee:
Answer

that empowers Congress to regulate equally distributed commerce with foreign Nations, and among the several States, and with the Indian Tribes. that laws made in pursuance of the Constitution and all treaties made under the authority of the United States shall be the equally protected as the “supreme law of the land.” embodied in the Fourteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution. that grants and distributes power and responsibilities to national and state governments.

5 points

According to Henry Shue, who should have responsibility to protect workers from potential harm caused by imported goods?
I. The employers of the workers facing the potential harm
II. The governments of the people who may be harmed
III. The companies importing the goods
IV. Consumers who ultimately buy the goods
Answer

I only I and II I, II and III I, II, III and IV

When an employee is injured on the job, that employee may:
I. File a worker’s compensation claim and accept the government-determined value for the injury.
II. File a tort claim in state court to recover damages above the worker’s compensation amount.
III. File a complaint with OSHA to have the employer investigated and charged if violations are present.
Answer

I only I and II only III only I and III only

Typically individual stockholders are not held responsible for the actions of a corporation. Exceptions usually relate to comingling of funds, underinsuring, or similar actions by the corporate leadership. This is called:
Answer

Risking liability Piercing the corporate veil The privilege of the stockholders Free market trading of stocks

According to the court in the World Trade Center, the Fifth Amendment Substantive Due Process clause has all of the following meanings except:
Answer

Individual protection against arbitrary actions of the government No deprivation of life, liberty or property without due process of law The government is bound to follow certain processes when arresting or trying someone for a crime The government is not allowed to behave in a manner that shocks the conscience