...Contributions to Ohio Ballot Issue Committees January 1-October 18, 2006 Smoking Ban Ballot Issue Sets New Precedent The 2006 smoking ban ballot issue was historic. In forty-three Ohio ballot campaigns by petition since 1950, it marked the first example of a contested issue, requiring a 'yes' vote, in which citizen proponents had sufficient TV money and a simple message. Citizen initiatives in the past have faced two different problems: a campaign that is difficult to explain and paucity of resources. A smoking ban is easily understood and the issue was well-defined in voters’ minds long before the campaign began. The dangers of second-hand smoke have been understood for decades. SmokeFreeOhio raised a significant amount of money (over $1.8 million). Although as of October 18 SmokeFreeOhio had not raised enough money to cover Ohio’s media markets on their own, they were greatly assisted by free media coverage prompted by the presence of Issue 4 (Smoke Less Ohio) on the ballot. The tobacco industry’s attempt to trump SmokeFreeOhio was well publicized in newspapers and on television, and certainly contributed to public awareness of the differences between Issues 4 and 5. This helps to explain the success of the SmokeFreeOhio campaign despite the competing ballot campaign, Smoke Less Ohio (Issue 4) and this successful citizen initiative provides a template for future ballot campaigns. For an overview of Ohio’s history of ballot initiatives visit, www.ohiocitizen...
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...Raymond Britton FIN-660 Case Study: RJR Nabisco March 22, 2015 The RJR Nabisco Leveraged Buyout (LBO) case study analyzes the history prior to the LBO and the post LBO corporate organization. RJR Nabisco was not performing well prior to the LBO. Financial analysis’s also implies that the shareholders of RJR Nabisco profited from Kohlberg Kravis & Roberts winning LBO bid. (Gaughan). To define a leveraged buyout or LBO, it is “a financial procedure used by a many business entities, including the management of a corporation or outside groups, such as other corporations, partnerships, individuals, or investment groups” (Gaughan). An LBO is the acquisition of another company where borrowed money is used to meet the cost of acquisition. This type of transaction allows firms to have the capability to achieve large acquisitions without obligation of having to disperse a lot of capital. LBO’s make it possible to and provide the ability to obtain less significant firms with very little capital and the attained business can take advantage from the re-organization. Additionally, LBO’s can possibly experience aggressive takeovers to the assimilated firm due to the reorganization and downsizing which can and may have a significant disruptive impact on the acquired firms workforce as well as a conflict of interest between personnel and management. The popularity of tobacco continued into the 1900’s which RJR projected and in 1913 launched four new tobacco products within...
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...RESEARCH PAPER ON RJ REYNOLD’s AMERICAN BACKGROUND HISTORY Reynolds American, the second-largest tobacco company in the United States was formed in January 2004 and began trading publicly on the New York Stock Exchange as RAI in August 2004. Reynolds American is also known as the parent company of American Snuff Company (formerly Conwood Company, LLC), Santa Fe Natural Tobacco Company, Inc., and Niconovum AB. This company has approximately 28 percent of U.S. cigarette sales. The company offers products in all segments of the market and makes many of the nation's best-selling cigarette brands, including: Camel, Pall Mall, Kool, Winston, Salem and Doral. In 1913, Reynolds Tobacco introduced Camel cigarettes, containing a blend of several different types of tobacco, a blend that would come to be called “the American blend.” Supported by a unique introductory advertising campaign, Camel became the first nationally popular cigarette in the United States. Reynolds Tobacco established virtually every packaging standard in the U.S. cigarette industry. The 20-cigarette pack was introduced by Reynolds Tobacco in 1913, and in 1915 the company introduced the one-piece, 10-pack carton. In 1931, Reynolds Tobacco became the first company to package its cigarettes with a moisture-proof, sealed cellophane outer wrap to preserve freshness. In 1918, Richard Joshua Reynolds – Reynolds Tobacco’s founder – died at the age of 68. In 1925, Brown & Williamson purchased J.G. Flynt Tobacco Co. and...
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...are affected by the U.S. tobacco industry's production and marketing of cigarettes? What stakeholder interests are impacted? How does the tobacco industry prioritize these stakeholders? Do you agree with the tobacco industry's prioritization? Why or why not? According to Wikipedia, a stakeholder is defined as a person, group, organization, member or system who affects or can be affected by an organization’s actions. There are several stakeholders that have been affected by the U.S. tobacco industry’s production and marketing of cigarettes. The retail tobacco companies are one such group that is undoubtedly affected by the developments affecting the production and marketing of cigarettes. Companies like Phillip Morris USA, Inc., RJ Reynolds Tobacco Company and British American Tobacco Limited who are interesting in profit maximization and return on investment felt that they were unfairly targeted by the imposition of restricted marketing activities and efforts to reduce the consumption of cigarettes. The tobacco companies believe that the law is excessive and will result in an increase in the cost of modifying packages and inversely, a reduction in net profit. The state (government) is also affected by the issues surrounding the tobacco industry. The government is faced with a slight dilemma because they are the regulator of the industry and the product is a legal product which is known to be harmful to both smokers and non-smokers. The industry also contributes significant...
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...Raymond Britton FIN-660 Case Study: RJR Nabisco March 22, 2015 The RJR Nabisco Leveraged Buyout (LBO) case study analyzes the history prior to the LBO and the post LBO corporate organization. RJR Nabisco was not performing well prior to the LBO. Financial analysis’s also implies that the shareholders of RJR Nabisco profited from Kohlberg Kravis & Roberts winning LBO bid. (Gaughan). To define a leveraged buyout or LBO, it is “a financial procedure used by a many business entities, including the management of a corporation or outside groups, such as other corporations, partnerships, individuals, or investment groups” (Gaughan). An LBO is the acquisition of another company where borrowed money is used to meet the cost of acquisition. This type of transaction allows firms to have the capability to achieve large acquisitions without obligation of having to disperse a lot of capital. LBO’s make it possible to and provide the ability to obtain less significant firms with very little capital and the attained business can take advantage from the re-organization. Additionally, LBO’s can possibly experience aggressive takeovers to the assimilated firm due to the reorganization and downsizing which can and may have a significant disruptive impact on the acquired firms workforce as well as a conflict of interest between personnel and management. The popularity of tobacco continued into the 1900’s which RJR projected and in 1913 launched four new tobacco products within...
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...1. For Week1 1, you will analyze cases based on the first letter of your last name. * A - M: Chapter 2 (4-7) and Chapter 3 (8-10) in the Dynamic Business Law text * N - Z: Chapter 2 (8-10) and Chapter 3 (5-7) in the Dynamic Business Law text 2. For each assigned case, analyze the issue based on the following criteria: * Identify the parties involved in the case dispute (who is the plaintiff and who is the defendant). * Identify the facts associated with the case and fact patterns. * Develop the appropriate legal issue(s) in question (i.e., the specific legal issue between the two parties). * Provide a judgment on who should win the case - be clear. * Support your decision with an appropriate rule of law. * Be prepared to defend your decision and to objectively evaluate the other points of view. Chapter 2 Case 8 Galindo v. Town of Clarkstown: 1) Identify the parties involved in the case dispute (who is the plaintiff and who is the defendant). The plaintiff in this case is Jacqueline Galindo, wife of Javier Galindo. The defendant was Jacqueline Galindo’s employer, Richard Clark. 2) Identify the facts associated with the case and fact patterns. On June 2, 2000, there was a severe thunderstorm causing a 8o foot tree located in a adjacent property to Mr. Richard Clark’s property. Javier Galindo was park outside the home of Richard Clark while waiting on his wife, Jacqueline Galindo, when that adjacent tree fell...
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...Products of any sort should be cast into departments in which the public consumers do not get caught into hidden traps either by cost, health reasons, or competition for the purchase from other business owners. It is vital to understand that if public society consumers are endangered by such hectic acts the individual will be the person hurt by the knick-knacks of the business. Is this fair to the public? No it is not and solutions to the problem must be addressed to ensure this act does not regulate into a long turn advantage for the tobacco companies. The importance of competition among firms is so that companies can give consumers a choice for a certain product. Governments intervene in these markets to ensure that the quality of the product and safety to the consumer is acceptable to purchase (Federal Trade). In many of the government reports they, regulate the behavior of industries to insure prices and excessive profits that are not highly rated in a disadvantage to the consumer. Businesses look for many ways to catch the consumers’ eye such as: brand name, trade mark, slogan, or catch phrase, to name a few. These advertisements swindle age groups of society to try out this harsh product despite if the major medical health concern is cancer. Many firms are out for themselves and how they can prosper within their industry and those small like consumers known as farmers have to settle for the less but yet complicated act of the big dog industry. Competitive...
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...Company Overview B ritish American Tobacco is a British multinational tobacco company headquartered in London, United Kingdom. It is the world’s second-largest quoted tobacco company by market share (after Philip Morris International), and has a leading position in over 50 countries and operations in more than 180 countries. Its brands include Dunhill, Kent, Lucky Strike and Pall Mall. BAT has a primary listing on the London Stock Exchange and is a constituent of the FTSE 100 Index. As of 26 December 2011 it had a market capitalization of £59.2 billion, the sixth-largest of any company listed on the London Stock Exchange. It has a secondary listing on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange. They are leading more than 50 countries and have their presence in more than 180 countries with approximately 50,000 employees. BAT is committed to providing consumers with pleasure through excellent products, and to demonstrating that they are meeting their commercial goals in ways that are consistent with reasonable societal expectations of a responsible tobacco group in the 21st century. BAT is designed to deliver their vision and build shareholder value. It is based on growth, funded by productivity and delivered by a winning organization that acts responsibly at all times. History Born international O n 29 September 1902 the UK’s Imperial Tobacco Company and the American Tobacco Company of the United States form a joint venture, the British American Tobacco Company, in...
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...well-being. They gave this example. We know that guns are bad, so every nation has banned the public advertisement against guns so why tobacco should has a special privilege? Secondly, they used statistic from World Health Organization (WHO). They pointed out that over 3 million were killed by consuming tobacco products in 1990 and the death rate increased to 4.023 million by 1998. A figure of 8.4 million deaths was expected to reach in 2020 and 10 million in 2030. Their third argument was their accusation toward tobacco industry. They mentioned that these tobacco industries were aiming to increase their consumer market growth by luring the children and adolescent to smoke. They supported their argument by using the case of Camel cigarettes. RJ Reynolds...
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...Elden Lashley Jill Decker English 101 61213 Lashley1 J.R.R Tolkien J.R.R Tolkien is the writer and creator of The Hobbit and the Lord of the Rings books. Which are four of my favorite books of all time, especially the Lord of the Rings. His creativity and ability to immerse you in a world is unlike any other I've seen or experienced. "If you really want to know what Middleearth is based on, it's my wonder and delight in the earth as it is, particularly the natural earth." – J.R.R. Tolkien. I love his books and now I'm here to tell you a little about his life. J.R.R Tolkien or John Ronald Reuel Tolkien was born in Bloemfontein South Africa on January 3rd, 1892. To his father and mother Arthur Tolkien and Mabel Tolkien. After his father died when he was just 4 years old, his mother took him and his little brother Hilary to hamlet of Sarehole, in Birmingham, England. His mother then died in 1904 and he and his brother were sent to live with relatives and then in boarding homes. with a catholic priest gaining guardianship in Birmingham. He would go on to get his first class degree at Exeter College, specializing in AngloSaxon and Germanic languages and classic literature. He enlisted as a lieutenant Lancashire Fusiliers and served in World War I, making sure he kept writing though. He fought in the battle of somme in which there were many deaths,“I will not say, do not weep, for not all tears are an evil.” ―J.R.R. Tolkien. he eventually was released from duty due to illness...
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...“In a hole in the ground, there lived a hobbit”, that's a good introduction for a book! Introduction and Background info (birthplace, birthdate, any relevant childhood info, relevant relationship info, etc.): If you haven't guessed already, I am John Ronald Reuel Tolkien. I had a military and writing career. I am best known for writing The Hobbit, The Lord of the Rings, and The Silmarillion. Thesis: My life was shaped many aspects, but I will mainly focus on my youth, my military career, my career as a professor,and finally, my writing career. Main Idea 1: Youth I was born on January 3rd 1892, I am an Englishman, but I was actually born Bloemfontein, South Africa. I have very little recollection of Africa, but I have been told that I had a frightening encounter with a hairy spider, which I may have foreshadowed in some of my stories. My father died in 1896, and my mother brought my brother, Hilary, and I back to England. We lived in the West Midlands, where I frequently visited my aunt’s farm, Bag End. I began to learn and enjoy Latin and Greek, and studied many other languages. My mother died of diabetes and died on November 14 1904. I lived as as devout catholic, and remained that way until my death. I met my future wife, Edith Bratt, in a boarding house, but my priest, who visited my brother and I regularly, forbade me from contacting her for three years. I stoically obeyed, but after three years I was able to pick up the threads of our relationship, and things went...
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...The Hobbit is a wonderful book to read. J.R.R Tolkien who is the author of the Hobbit used various archetypes throughout the novel. Some archetypes that J.R.R Tolkien used in the Hobbit are communion, the hero, and the journey. The main character in the Hobbit is Bilbo Baggins and you wouldn’t think that a person with the personality of Bilbo would be the hero. Bilbo Baggins didn’t have any ambition in his life, he had hobbies but they were boring hobbies. In the beginning of the Hobbit J.R.R. Tolkien uses the archetype of communion. Most people think of holy ceremony that takes place in church were everybody gets a small cup of grape juice and a tiny piece of bread. Communion is the act of intimate fellowship and rapport. Communion doesn’t have to happen in a church in fact you don’t just have to eat bread and drink grape juice. That is shown in the Hobbit because when Bilbo, Gandalf and the twelve dwarfs were eating dinner together that is also known as communion. When Bilbo leaves his Hobbit hole that is when the journey starts. The task for Bilbo Baggins is to help the dwarfs reclaim their treasure from Samug. During the beginning of their journey they encounter three hungry trolls who capture them all expect Gandalf. Gandalf saves them by tricking the trolls to stay outside into the sun comes up because they will have turned into stone. After the group has been saved they found weapons in the trolls’ camp and Gandalf and Thorin turned the swords into magic swords, Bilbo didn’t...
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...J.R.R Tolkien is a very intelligent author and in her quote,”It does not do to leave a live dragon out of your calculations, if you live near him.”, is a little bit crazy. For one, dragons are fictional and they do not exist. For two, Tolkien isn’t talking about real dragons and for three, always be prepared for whatever may come because life is full of surprises and you’ll never know what will jump out at you. In the stories about Princesses and Knights, Kings and Queens, dragons were always the monsters of the story that took away the Princess and the Prince had to come and save her and then fall in love and live happily ever after. But those stories are fictional and more than most of the time it isn’t a happy ending and we are all stuck on that notion that it will be a happy ending and that it does exist, but they do not, and the same goes for dragons. Dragons used to exist but now they are extinct and the only ones that exist now are just giant lizards that sit and do nothing. They don’t go and take people and wait for someone to come save the person that he took and then have the hero kill him. How does that make sense? Happy endings and dragons are just apart of people’s imaginations but this is reality and people need to start thinking right. In the quote Tolkien states the word “dragon” but she doesn’t necessary mean a big giant beast that breathes fire and sleeps in the gold, she is stating that people tend to forget about the threats that are closer to them and they...
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...J.R.R. Tolkien My selection for this project was J.R.R. Tolkien. The reason I chose this individual was because of his books such as “The Hobbit” (J.R.R. Tolkien- 1936) this book has such realistic characteristics along with mythological characteristics. The other books I liked were “Lord of the Rings” which was broken into sequels. There orders were “The Fellowship of the Ring” and “The Two Tower” they were published in Great Britain in 1954. The third one was published in 1955 it was called “The Return of the King.” These great books kept me on my toes; I did not want to put them down. It is hard to actually find a good book to read that will keep your attention throughout and also make you feel like you are in the big picture yourself. J.R.R. Tolkien overcame many obstacles to achieve his successes a writer and also a teacher. In 1896 his father (Alfred Tolkien) died of Rheumatic fever. His mother (Mabel Tolkien) died from diabetes in November of 1904. J.R.R. Tolkien and his brothers were orphaned until they were taken in by a priest (Francis Xavier Morgan). In 1916 J.R.R. Tolkien went off to WW1 in 1916, and contracted “trench fever” in 1917. J.R.R. Tolkien was discharged from the military in 1917. After dealing with all of this he yet managed to be married, return to college, attain degrees and also pursue his writing and teaching. These were a lot of obstacles to overcome but J.R.R. Tolkien did. He has a strong will, and such a passion and desire to...
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...THE HOBBIT WEBSITE SCAVENGER HUNT: WHO WILL BE THE WINNER? Go to: http://www.tolkien-online.com/index.html Home Page: What have scholars debated about, regarding his novels? Scholars have debated true greatness of these popular novels. “Tolkien creates out of the void a complete and fully-realized world. He weaves his spell around us, suspends all disbelief, and gives us our own modern day adventure and discovery quest.” The Hobbit: Date of first publication? It was published in 1937, and it remains Tolkiens' first published book and the one of the best books of the 20th century. What sentence has become one of the most recognizable in English literature? “In a hole in the ground there lived a hobbit.” What knowledge did Tolkien draw from to write The Hobbit’s characters and plot? ancient mythology, primarily northern (Norse) mythology. Middle-Earth: Why did Tolkien first begin writing his imagined world? ________________________________________________________________________ “Tolkien’s Middle-earth is a fully-formed world with its own _______________, ______________, ________________, ‘_____________’, a _______________ story, a Fall, grief, joy, and all of those many things that our own world has.” Middle-Earth: Tolkien and Language Which languages did Tolkien have an affinity for? ______________________________ Tolkien created _______ languages for Middle-earth’s various races, and in many respects these languages...
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