...intracellular buffering and reduced acid accumulation during exercise. The results of beta-alanine supplementation may be improvement in performance, greater training adaptation and faster healing, muscle recovery and muscle contraction. Claims being made Beta alanine is an amino acid that is claimed to raise muscle carnosine and increase the amount of work you can perform at high intensities. Many advertisements are selling the beta-alanine supplement as a newcomer that reduces symptoms of fatigue. They suggest the supplement is very beneficial during high intensity weight lifting or sprinting. Many websites selling the beta-alanine products have listed researches that support the claims but most of the researches do not have the studies cited. That is a example of earmark of quackery where the sellers in order to sell the product make up a research and create the results that attract costumers and convince them to believe that supplement is effective. Knowing from human physiology, intramuscular acidosis has been one of the main reasons of fatigue during the high intensity exercises. Carnosine, which is synthesized from in skeletal muscles from l-histidine and beta-alanine, on the other hand has been shown to be the main regulator of muscle pH. Availability of beta-alanine is the rate-limiting factor of carnosine synthesis and therefore the beta-alanine supplementation has been shown to increase the amount of muscle carnosine and thus the total muscle buffer capacity...
Words: 999 - Pages: 4
...Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). The distribution of these ADHD medications have steadily increased over the years, which has, on one hand, presented a possible solution to the escalating diagnosis of Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, and on the latter, brought into question the ethics and effectiveness of these medications. Health officials, parents, and the children themselves struggle to come to an agreement when deciding whether or not medication is the best solution. The Debate Over Medicating Children with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder In the spring of 2004, Jacqueline A. Sparks, an associate professor of family therapy at the University of Rhode Island, and Barry L. Duncan, a cofounder of the Institute for the Study of Therapeutic Change, investigated the ethics and effectiveness behind the distribution of ADHD medications as a modern treatment method for children with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. Even though, “appropriate identification and treatment of symptoms for psychiatric illnesses (such as ADHD) during childhood and adolescence is critical” (ScienceDaily). Sparks and Duncan note that, “ADHD is arguably the most controversial topic in recent mental health history. The ADHD diagnosis is not defined by a biological marker (Leo & Cohen, 33), but is rather subjective and not easily distinguished from the everyday behavior of children. Thus, the diagnosis lacks reliability and validity.” (Duncan, Miller, & Sparks, 31). This makes Attention...
Words: 2880 - Pages: 12
...ECONOMIC CONJECTURE : THE TURKISH CASE A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES OF MIDDLE EAST TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY BY FATMA AKSOY IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION OCTOBER 2008 Approval of the Graduate School of Social Sciences Prof. Dr.Sencer Ayata Director I certify that this thesis satisfies all the requirements as a thesis for the degree of Master of Business Administration. Prof. Dr.Cengiz Erol Head of Department This is to certify that we have read this thesis and that in our opinion it is fully adequate, in scope and quality, as a thesis for the degree of Master of Business Administration Prof. F. N. Can Şımga-Muğan Supervisor Examining Committee Members Assoc. Prof. Zeynep Önder Prof. F. N. Can Şımga-Muğan (BILKENT UNIVERSITY, BA) (METU, BA) Assist. Prof. Engin Küçükkaya (METU, BA) I hereby declare that all information in this document has been obtained and presented in accordance with academic rules and ethical conduct. I also declare that, as required by these rules and conduct, I have fully cited and referenced all material and results that are not original to this work. Name, Last name : Fatma, Aksoy Signature : iii ABSTRACT THE INFORMATION CONTENT OF EARNINGS AND SYSTEMATIC RISK IN CHANGING ECONOMIC CONJECTURE: THE TURKISH CASE Aksoy, Fatma M.B.A., Department of Business Administration Supervisor : Prof. Dr. F. N. Can Şımga-Muğan October 2008...
Words: 6194 - Pages: 25
...The Syllable John Goldsmith December 7, 2009 Contents 1 Overview and brief history 1.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.2 Sonority waves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.3 Constituents and structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.3.1 Pike, Hockett, Fudge: the arboreal view . . . 1.3.2 Syntagmatic and Paradigmatic . . . . . . . . 1.3.3 How to parse CVC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.4 Syllable timing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.5 Classical generative phonology . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.6 Pulgram on the syllable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.7 Natural phonologies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.8 Flat structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.9 Metrical phonology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.10 Sonority redux . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.11 Slots that hang from trees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.12 Government relations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.13 Derived sonority . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.14 Optimality theory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.15 Must we choose between sonority and constituency? 1.16 Phonotactics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.17 Onsets, codas, and word-appendices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...
Words: 18260 - Pages: 74
...two focal points, arrest rates and sentencing statistics, I believe, are the best for gathering data, considering it is where the justice system both begins and ends. Though many may think that there is a racial bias concerning the disparate number of minorities in prison working against minorities, an article entitled, “Are Blacks and Hispanics Disproportionately Incarcerated Relative to Their Arrests?” provides impressive data to oppose this claim. This article boasts being one of the first studies to include the Hispanic ethnicity in their data, which other studies omitted from, or never incorporated into, their findings, making this study much more reliable in terms of determining the cause of the referenced disparity, and more accurate in comparing the races involved. The disparity in prison populations, according to this article, reflects "considerable consistency across stages of the criminal justice system of disparities observed in racial proportions of arrests" (Harris, C., et al., 2009)....
Words: 1676 - Pages: 7
...not able to defeat the virus. Scientists identified a type of chimpanzee in West Africa as the source of the HIV infection in humans. They believe that the chimpanzee version of the immunodeficiency virus called simian immunodeficiency virus, or SIV most likely was transmitted to humans and mutated into HIV when humans hunted these chimpanzees for meat and came into contact with their infected blood. Studies show that HIV may have jumped from apes to humans as far back as the late 1800s. Over decades, the virus slowly spread across Africa and later into other parts of the world. We know that the virus has existed in the United States since at least the mid- to late 1970s. It has been reported that the HIV virus was first noticed in the United States in the year of 1981. Allegedly, homosexual men began dying from mysterious, pneumonia-like infections. In June 1981, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention first described the symptoms of this unknown disease in one of their publications. Soon, healthcare providers from around the country began reporting similar cases. The number of people with the disease...
Words: 1992 - Pages: 8
...Synopsis of Research Proposal for M. Phil Degree Topic Executive Development Programs in the Banking Sector in Bangladesh – A Study of Cases Submitted to: Dr. Faruq Ahmed Department of Management Studies University of Dhaka Submitted by: Hazera Khatun February 12, 2013 Dhaka, Bangladesh Introduction: Employees are the most important asset of any organization. Now-a-days, the main focus of all companies is to attract, develop and maintain an efficient and skilled workforce. Executive development plays a concrete role in any organization. The banks in Bangladesh are putting their high concentration to train, develop and maintain an efficient work force. In this time of free market economy, all firms are competing with each other to minimize the cost of production and to create more values with the product and service they dealt with. A successful competing firm can do this job efficiently and can maximize its profit through skilled workforce. That’s why, all organizations give prime focus on executive development practices to cope with the standard of the rest of the world. A substantial number of training and development methods are used in different institutes in Bangladesh. But all methods are not used in all organizations in totally. The development methods vary from organization to organization. It depends on the organization’s culture, behavior and philosophy. The methods have similar types of functions all over...
Words: 919 - Pages: 4
...2013, 43, pp. 1862–1868 The changing face of aggression: the effect of personalized avatars in a violent video game on levels of aggressive behavior Jack Hollingdale1, Tobias Greitemeyer2 1 2 University of Sussex, UK University of Innsbruck, Austria Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Jack Hollingdale, University of Sussex, Pevensey Building, Brighton, BN1 9RH, UK. E-mail: j.hollingdale@sussex.ac.uk doi: 10.1111/jasp.12148 Abstract Video game developments allow players to design their own personalized avatars. Previous research has shown that this capability increases levels of aggression within socially acceptable forms of violence. Using the general aggression model (GAM), the current study examined the effect of avatar personalization on behavioral aggression within a violent video game. Participants who played a violent video game and designed their own avatars were significantly more aggressive than those who played the same violent video game with a generic avatar, and were also more aggressive than those who played the nonviolent video game, regardless of whether or not they designed their own personalized characters. Limitations and directions for future research are discussed. Games present opportunities to behave in ways that are exhilaratingly wicked and dangerous—out of reach in real life. Freedom from consequences, and hence a feeling of escaping, is appreciated most keenly where there is violence. (British...
Words: 5200 - Pages: 21
...This report will present a discussion on the financial challenges and issues based on the Ruritanian Project case study. The report is concerned with analyzing the investment environment of the host nation, maximizing the investment return and minimizing the risks which could have a negative impact on the financial performance of the Ruritanian project. Firstly, the national economy environment will be discussed based on the national GDP growth and inflation rate; secondly, there is a discussion on the foreign exchange risks of Rutitania Crown against international currency; third, the issue of joining the Euro zone will be analyzed in terms of benefits and drawbacks; next, the taxation effect in the investment decision making will be accessed and finally there will be a discussion on the political environment. THE NATIONAL ECONOMY AND THE IMPLICATIONS FOR THE PROJECT 2.1 The Relationship between National Economy and the Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) The economic growth of the host nation has always had a positive relationship with the foreign direct investment decision making. The positive effect of host country economic growth on investment decision making has been supported by various studies (Ericsson and Irandoust, 2000; Dhakal, Kamal and Upadhyaya, 2007; Barrell and Pain, 1996; Grosse and Trevino, 1996; Taylor and Sarno, 1999; Trevino et al., 2002). Traditionally the economic growth of the host nation induces FDI inflow when FDI is seeking consumer markets, or when...
Words: 4204 - Pages: 17
...geographies of social justice? R. ALAN WALKS Department of Geography, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario, Cananda L5L 1C6 (e-mail: alan.walks@utoronto.ca) Canadian cities are at a crossroads. The neoliberalization of governance at multiple scales, inadequate re-investment in urban infrastructure, increasing reliance on continental and international trade, and the restructuring of the space economy have combined to weaken Canada’s cities just as the global economic system is undergoing transformation. Canadian urban geographic scholarship has much to offer under current conditions, and is already making significant contributions in key areas. In particular, research on what might be called the contours and impacts of urban restructuring and the neoliberal city, immigration and cities of difference, and urban environmental justice show much promise and are likely to define the core of Canadian urban geography into the future. Key words: cities, urban geography, Canada, economic restructuring, neoliberalism, social justice L’urbain ` une ´poque fragile, incertaine et a e n´olib´rale: vers de nouvelles g´ographies de la e e e justice sociale? ` Les villes canadiennes sont a la crois´e des chemins. e Alors que l’´conomie mondiale traverse une p´riode e e de transformation, la situation des villes au Canada se pr´carise avec les effets de la restructuration e ` n´olib´rale de la gouvernance a multiples niveaux, e e l’insuffisance du r´investissement dans les e infrastructures...
Words: 8534 - Pages: 35
...visualize the locationidentity split. This work presents two advances above related work. For starters, we better understand how symmetric encryption can be applied to the investigation of access points. Continuing with this rationale, we validate that the much-touted certifiable algorithm for the improvement of expert systems by Richard Hamming [9] is Turing complete. The roadmap of the paper is as follows. We motivate the need for Smalltalk. Similarly, we place our work in context with the previous work in this area. We place our work in context with the existing work in this area. Finally, we conclude. The implications of empathic configurations have been far-reaching and pervasive. In fact, few analysts would disagree with the study of Scheme. Our focus in this work is not on whether neural networks and IPv7 are often incompatible, but rather on exploring a novel heuristic for the deployment of thin clients (Caffila). 1 Introduction Futurists agree that mobile methodologies are an interesting new topic in the field of complexity theory, and security experts concur. The lack of influence on cyberinformatics of this discussion has been well-received. The notion that hackers worldwide interfere with IPv6 is largely considered confirmed. To what extent can red-black trees be refined to solve this question? Our focus in this paper is not on whether hierarchical databases and operating systems can interact to answer this quandary, but rather on proposing an...
Words: 2958 - Pages: 12
...Conclusion 1 Introduction Recent advances in interposable models and authenticated theory are based entirely on the assumption that thin clients and consistent hashing are not in conflict with semaphores. In fact, few biologists would disagree with the simulation of information retrieval systems, which embodies the structured principles of operating systems. A compelling quagmire in machine learning is the development of trainable modalities. Of course, this is not always the case. To what extent can superpages be studied to realize this objective? In this position paper, we explore a framework for compilers (TeretQuiet), which we use to confirm that the producer-consumer problem can be made extensible, perfect, and efficient. Nevertheless, this approach is never considered confusing. Though conventional wisdom states that this quagmire is continuously answered by the synthesis of link-level acknowledgements, we believe that a different approach is necessary. Clearly, our methodology improves the study of symmetric encryption. While it at first glance seems unexpected, it is derived from known results. The rest of this paper is organized as follows. We motivate the need for checksums. We demonstrate the synthesis of checksums. Third,...
Words: 3208 - Pages: 13
...Introduction Wrist tendinosis among blue collar workers is not a new topic in work places. It results from long hours of activities that cause injuries which do not heal properly. The tendinosis injuries are not superficial but are only felt (Shuval, K., & Donchin, M., 2005). This study seeks to criticize a journal done by Harris C. et al on workplace and individual factors in wrist tendinosis among blue-collar workers. It was a peer reviewed professional journal that brings to the attention the correlation between exposure and factors that contribute to tendinosis. Statement of the research problem The human capital is of paramount importance in the workplace. For achievement of the organizational goals and objectives, it must be provided with the right tools of work. This includes machines like computers and forklifts. The issue of concern is how people can attain the desired results while their physical health is not compromised with. This can only be achieved through managing risks associated with tendinosis and coming up with the right treatments for the victims (Janwantanakul, P. et al, 2010). The article under this critique did not highlight what prompted or motivated its researchers to carry this study. A research is carried out to provide solutions which are viable. The authors of journal under this discussion did not show how the hand/wrist tendinosis affected the output of workers in the workplace thus it basically lacked the problem statement. The research concentrated...
Words: 1058 - Pages: 5
...Reproduced from Federal-State Relations in Sabah, Malaysia: The Berjaya Administration, 1976-85 by Regina Lim (Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, 2008). This version was obtained electronically direct from the publisher on condition that copyright is not infringed. No part of this publication may be reproduced without the prior permission of the Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. Individual articles are available at < http://bookshop.iseas.edu.sg > REFERENCES Abinales, Patricio N. Making Mindanao: Cotabato and Davao in the Formation of the Philippine Nation-state. Quezon City: Ateneo de Manila University Press, 2000. Abinales, Patricio N. and Donna J. Amoroso. State and Society in the Philippines. Lanham, M.D.: Rowman and Littlefield, 2005. Ahmad Ibrahim. “The Administration of Muslim Law Enactment, Sabah, 1977 (No. 15 of 1977)”. Journal of Malaysian and Comparative Law 5, no. 2 (1978): 359–62. Andaya, Barbara W. “Cash Cropping and Upstream-downstream Tensions: The Case of Jambi in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries”. In Southeast Asia in the Early Modern Era: Trade, Power, and Belief, edited by Anthony Reid. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1993. Baker, M. H. Sabah: The First Ten Years as a Colony. Kuala Lumpur: Malaysia Publishing House, 1965. Black, Ian. “The Ending of Brunei Rule in Sabah, 1878–1902”. Journal of the Malayan Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society 41, no. 2 (1968): 176–92. ———. A Gambling Style of Government:...
Words: 3324 - Pages: 14
...Nike Case Team 5 – Windsor Cohort (Heidi Limmonen, Oksana Simakina, Masayuki Kondo, Rui Dias, Andres Losada, Zsolt Makai) 1. What is the WACC and why is it important to estimate a firm’s cost of capital? Do you agree with Joanna Cohen’s WACC calculation? Why or why not? WACC is the rate that a company is expected to pay to debtors and creditors. A weighted average of the component cost of debt, preferred stock, and common equity. (Birgham & Houston, 2009) This is the minimum rate that a company must earn on its assets in order to satisfy the company’s shareholders (most importantly, the creditors and the owners). WACC is calculated as a weighted average, or composite, of the various types of funds used over time, regardless of the specific financing used in a given year. (Birgham & Houston, 2009) The WACC is a useful tool to measure how a company is financed and what the costs are of its capital. Furthermore WACC sets the minimum level that a company has to earn in order to satisfy creditors and owners (see above), therefore the model can be used as a benchmark figure (a minimum return rate) that a new project has to meet. The expected rate of return when evaluating such new projects has to be higher than the WACC (benchmark) in order to be profitable. We don’t agree with the way Joanna Cohen calculated the WACC. Her assumptions made to calculate the cost of equity by the CAPM were not accurate. She only made general assumptions about the general economic...
Words: 1930 - Pages: 8
