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خصوصیات ضدعفونی كننده های رایج
نوع مطلب: داروشناسی دامپزشكی ،
عموما" ضدعفونی كننده ها را می توان به هفت گروه اصلی تقسیم بندی كرد كه عبارتند از :
1- الكلها
2- هالوژنها
3- تركیبات چهارتایی آمونیاك
4- فنلها
5- قطرانهای زغال سنگ
6- آلدئیدها
7- عوامل اكسیدكننده
خصوصیات هر یك به شرح زیر می باشد.

الكلها ( ایزوپروپیل یا اتیل الكل )
1- فعالیت میكروب كشی وسیعی دارند ، فاقد خاصیت خورندگی بوده ولی دارای خاصیت شعله وری می باشند.
2- به دلیل وجود ویژگی تبخیر ، فعالیت پس مانده هایشان محدود می باشند.
3- در صورت وجود مواد آلی ، فعالیت محدودی دارند.
4- علیه باكتریها و اسپور قارچها فعالیت چشمگیری ندارند.
5- برای ضدعفونی كردن وسایل و سایر ملزومات كوچك ، ماده بسیار مناسبی می باشند.
6- جهت استفاده سراسری در هچری ، بسیار گران می باشند.
7- برای اینكه مؤثر واقع شوند باید با غلظت 95-70 درصد استفاده شوند.

هالوژنها ( تركیبات یده یا هیپوكلریت ها )
1- فعالیت میكروب كشی وسیعی داشته ولی خاصیت خورندگی دارند.
2- بر روی هاگها مؤثر نبوده ولی بر باكتریها ( در مرحله رویشی ) ، قارچها و ویروسها مؤثرند.
3- درصورت وجود ماده آلی فعالیتشان كاهش می یابد.
4- در حضور صابونها ، دترجنتها و نمكهای آب سخت ، فعالیتشان محدود می شود.
5- فاقد خاصیت تحریك پذیری و خورندگی فلزات بوده و سمیت پائینی دارند.
6- فعالیت پس مانده هایشان درصورت آلودگی مجدد ، محدود می شود.
7- بهترین ماده ضدعفونی كننده جهت استفاده در سطوح تمیز می باشند.
8- هزینه كمی دارند.

فنولها ( تركیبات تكی یا چند تایی )
1- محدوده میكروب كشی وسیعی دارند ولی هاگ كش نیستند.
2- سمیت و خاصیت خورندگی كمی دارند.
3- درصورت وجود مواد آلی بسیار فعال می باشند.
4- بوزدا هستند و فعالیت پس مانده هایشان مطلوب می باشد.
5- هزینه كم تا متوسطی دارند.

قطرانهای زغال سنگ ( كروزول و اسید كرسیلیك )
1- فعالیت میكروب كشی وسیعی دارند ولی هاگ كش نیستند.
2- در غلظتهای زیاد سمی بوده و خاصیت خورندگی دارند.
3- بوی تند و زننده دارند و فعالیت پس مانده هایشان عالی است.
4- درصورت وجود مواد آلی بسیار فعال می باشند.
5- به دلیل اینكه گازهای سمی می باشند برای استفاده در جوجه ها یا تخم مرغهای نطفه دار مناسب نیستند.
6- نسبتا" گران می باشند.

آلدئیدها ( گلوتارالدئید )
1- فعالیت میكروب كش ، هاگ كش و قارچ كشی وسیعی دارند.
2- درصورت وجود مواد آلی ، فعالیت خفیف تا متوسطی دارند.
3- فعالیت پس مانده هایشان ضعیف می باشد.
4- نسبتا" سمی می باشند.
5- هزینه مناسبی دارند.

عوامل اكسیدكننده ( پراكسیدهیدروژن ، پرمنگنات پتاسیم )
1- فعالیت میكروب كشی وسیع تا متوسطی را دارند ولی هاگ كش نیستند.
2- درصورت وجود مواد آلی غیر فعال می شوند.
3- نسبتا" خاصیت خورندگی داشته و سمیت محدودی دارند.
4- فعالیت پس مانده های آنها ضعیف و محدود می باشد.
5- بعنوان یك عامل بوزدا و تمیز كننده بسیار ارزشمند می باشند.
6- هزینه مناسبی دارند.

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