...RAID Explained RAID used to stand for "redundant array of inexpensive disks". Today the term has been updated to "redundant array of independent disks". RAID is a way of grouping individual physical drives together to form one bigger drive called a "RAID set". RAID can make many smaller disks appear as one large disk to a server. The RAID set represents all the smaller physical drives as one logical disk to your server. The logical disk is called a LUN, or "logical unit number". Using RAID has two main advantages. Better performance and higher availability, which means it goes faster and breaks down less often. RAID benefits explained Performance is increased because the server has more "spindles" to read from or write to when data is accessed from a drive. Availability is increased because the RAID controller can recreate lost data from parity information. What is parity? Parity is basically a checksum of the data that was written to the disks, which gets written along with the original data. RAID can be done in software on a host, or in hardware on the storage controllers. The server accessing the data on a hardware-based RAID set never knows that one of the drives in the RAID set went bad. The controller recreates the data that was lost when the drive went bad, by using the parity information stored on the surviving disks in the RAID set. There are a number of different ways drives can be grouped together to form RAID sets. The different methods used to group drives are...
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...user account having been verified. This process is usually a user ID. The system recognized the ID and knows the access right and privileges of that individual that have been verified. The Authentication begins once the user account ID has been identified. This is the process in which the user credentials are actually verified, meaning the specific attributes of their specific user account and authenticated and verified to make sure the access rights are correct. This process uses a password or some sort of credential such as, a PIN, Certificate, or ticket. The system needs to authenticate the identity of the user by verifying their credentials. (Todorov, 2011). Authentication can be completed by a system in many different ways. As explained earlier, a simple password or form of identifying the person specifically is used a front line authentication method. This is also known as a Single Sign-on Authentication...
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...1. What does RAID stand for? Redundant Array of Inexpensive Disks 2. When would we use RAID? RAID allows you to survive a drive loss without data loss and in many cases without any downtime. RAID is also useful if you are having disk IO issues, where applications are waiting on the disk to perform tasks. Going with RAID will provide you additional throughput by allowing you to read and write data from multiple drives instead of a single drive. 3. Define the following types of RAID: RAID 0: Striped Set -- Setup splits data evenly across two or more disks. It is important to note that RAID 0 was not one of the original RAID levels, and is not redundant. If one drive goes down your server will need to be restored from backup. RAID 1: Mirrored Set -- Setup creates an exact copy (or mirror) of data on two or more disks. A typical setup just has two drives that are setup to mirror data. If one drive goes down your server will still be functional until a scheduled drive replacement can be installed. RAID 5: Striped Set with Parity -- Setup uses block-level striping with parity data distributed across all disks in the RAID Array. This means you can have one drive fail and your server will remain functional until a scheduled drive replacement can be installed. RAID 5 also increases read/write speeds while using the available disk space efficiently. RAID 6: Second parity stripe -- The purpose of doing all of the extra math to support this dual parity is that the...
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...RELIABILITY and PERFORMANCE Through RAID Structures Casundra Gilder Southern New Hampshire University July 18, 2013 Abstract Redundant Arrays of Independent Disks (RAIDs) are used to address performance and reliability of disks. RAIDs are just a large number of inexpensive disks that can be linked together to create one single large storage space that offers better performance, reliability and storage capacity for older systems. RAIDs have become more popular over the years and increasing common with end user systems. There are many levels of RAIDs that are in existence today. With the creation of RAIDs, more computer systems have become better as far as increased performance and redundancy. Redundancy is one of the most important factors when it comes to developing RAIDs for server environments. When a drive fails on a system, a user can either change the old drive for a new one without having to power down the system or a RAID could be used. All redundancy methods depend on the version of RAID used. Performance of a system will depend on the number of drives used in the array and the controllers and increased performance can only be located when specific versions of RAIDs are used. There is a limit to the rate at which data can be read from or written to a hard disk platter. By implementing a RAID, a single disk will have increased performance when it comes to reading and writing to multiple disks at the same time. RAIDs handle hard disk drive failures in...
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...Data Protection Proposal Lake Medical Hospital By: Frank Angelone 05/31/14 Lake Medical Services in this proposal I will inform you of the options. The Standard for using data protection is by using RAID. RAID stands for Redundancy Array of Independent Disks. What this system allows you to do from an owner’s perspective, is to store and process all of your network needs. Considering you are a hospital you need to protect your patient’s information. With this data protection system it will allow you to collect large amounts of data by combining hard drives into one. What the RAID system does is take many hard drives and appear in your network as one. There are three main standards of RAID. First is R.A.I.D. 0, second is R.A.I.D 1, and third is R.A.I.D. There is a fourth option we will discuss that I am proposing for you to use. If you would like another option this can be discussed, but first we will discuss the three main standards. First option of R.A.I.D. is 0. When using option 0 you need to have at least 2 hard drives. You may use more drives than to increase the speed of your network (Iomega, 2009). Also looking at the size of the network will determine how many drives will be needed to run the system. This option uses a method called striping (Iomega, 2009). Striping is when the data that is stored on the drive is spread across the disks on the drives. What this means is that every piece of data is split up into small segments...
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...Command Line Interface for Linux CLI PN 900-0024-00, Revision E April 23, 2003 User Guide Copyright ©2003 3ware, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the proper written consent of 3ware, Inc., 455 West Maude Avenue, Sunnyvale, CA 94085. Trademarks 3ware, the 3ware logo, Escalade, StorSwitch, TwinStor, R5 Fusion and 3DM are all registered trademarks of 3ware, Inc. All other trademarks herein are property of their respective owners. Disclaimer 3ware, Inc. assumes no responsibility for errors or omissions in this document, nor does 3ware, Inc. make any commitment to update the information contained herein. Contents Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Command Line Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Ways to Run the CLI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 1) Interactive with command interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 2) Single command with output . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 3) Multiple commands through an input file . . . . . . ...
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...Step 1 User boots her computer and hears a sequence of six beeps. Step 2 a cause could be an expansion card has failed. Step 3 you would do a physical check and uninstall and reinstall any expansion cards that you have connected to the motherboard. When you do that restart the computer and see if you get that same beep sequence or any. Step 4 you should check run a test on all expansion cards.Step 5 once you ran many tests and you fixed to problem you then verify the computer is working. Step 6 you found that the expansion slots were a problem and you replaced them with new ones. Now your computer is working fine. Step 1 the user boot their computer and hear a sequence of ten beeps. Step 2 a cause could be by a damaged expansion card. Step 3 after pulling the cards out you still has a problem. Step 4 you then replace the motherboard and that should fix the problem. Step 5 you restart our computer and that the computer was fixed. Step6 you found the problem was your motherboard, you replaced the motherboard and the problem was fixed. Task 2 Step 1 you opened the internet and you can’t open this website. Step 2 cause could be you are not connected to the internet, the website is encountering problems or there might be typing error in the address. Step 3 try to open a regular site like Google to see if you’re encountering problems. Then you could look at your Ethernet cable to see if it’s connected to the computer. Last try to find the site using Google in case you’re having...
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...many varieties depending on if you build it yourself or purchase a vendor product. The speed is typically one gigabit Ethernet connection but this can be changed to multiple gigabit, 10 gigabit, fiber optic by adding a pci-e network card(s). Older parts can be used which may be limited to 10/100 megabit. If you need an exact answer for speed, simply look at the wiki on gigabit. The capacity range again varies; people have built 40 TB machines and other just have 2TB. With port replication and add-on hard drive controller cards there is hardly a limit on size. A board with 6 sata ports can be replicated (1 to 5 port) allowing for 30 drives to be attached, if 3TB drives were used in raid 50 that would be 72TB of storage. As far as fault tolerance, raid 50 is fairly stable if set up correctly, raid 10 has been touted as one of the best setups since more drives can fail at one time without data loss. All of those features can be used on typical NAS devices....
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...itself before publication. 7. To create a fourth primary partition on a basic disk, you must use the Disk Part utility. 8. To extend or shrink a partition on a basic disk, you must be a member of the Administrators or Backup Operators group. 9. The default partition style used by windows 7 on anx86 computer is MBR. 10. All digital signed drivers have undergone Windows Hardware Quality Lab testing. 1. RAID stands for, Redundant Array of Independent Disks. 2. We would RAID when we need to combining several hard disk drives into one logical unit. 3. A. RAID 0 is stripping it divides the information onto 2 or more hard drives speeding up the input and output of the device, B. RAID 1 is mirroring it provides redundancy by writing all data to two or more drives. C. RAID 5 does both stripping and mirroring. D. RAID 6 is redundancy and data loss recovery capability. It added an additional parity block, so it uses block-level striping with two parity blocks distributed across all member disks. 4. RAID 0 is steel used today because it speeds up your device and pending on what you do the...
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...1. What does RAID stand for? Redundant Array of Independent Disks. Source: Steadfast.com 2. When would use RAID? When experiencing disk IO issues, where applications are waiting on the disk to perform tasks. It also provides additional throughput by allowing you to read and write data from multiple drives instead a single drive. Source: Steadfast.com 3. Define the following types of RAID: RAID 0 (Striping) - RAID 0 is taking any number of disks and striping data across all of them. This will greatly increase speeds, as you're reading and writing from multiple disks at a time. An individual file can then use the speed and capacity of all the drives of the array. The downside to RAID 0 though is that it is NOT redundant, the loss of any individual disk will cause complete data loss. I would not recommend ever using RAID 0 in a server environment. You can use it for cache or other purposes where speed is important and reliability/data loss does not matter at all, but it should not be used for anything other than that. As an example, with the 5% annual failure rate of drives, if you have a 6 disk RAID 0 array you've increased your risk of data loss to nearly 27%. RAID 1 (Mirroring) - RAID 1 is generally used with a pair of disks, though could be done with more, and would identically mirror/copy the data equally across all the drives in the array. The point of RAID 1 is primarily for redundancy, as you can completely lose a drive, but still stay up and running off the...
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...Running Head: 123 Textiles 123 Textiles Disaster Plan Corey Lyman University of Phoenix – Axia College Disaster Plan There are many elements associated with the importance of network security. It is the responsibility of the network manager to supply proper security level access appropriately to employees. In assigning this security, they must consider the job duties of the employee and ensure that the employee as adequate access to do their job. In addition, the network manager must evaluate external threats and prevent unauthorized access from external sources. There are also many external issues that must be considered in network security, such as ecological aspects, and the difficulties associated with network systems. These issues cause worry for network manager in regard to data safety. Organizations depend on data in the network to maintain daily operations and privacy of data; therefore it is of a huge significance to maintain this kind of data safely. In addition, the data must be easily recoverable in the event of a disaster When creating a disaster plan for an organization, many considerations must be made. As we review 123 Textiles Corporation, one significant factor is that the organization operates in a high-crime area. In addition, the server for the organization is adjacent to a window; which presents a security risk as the server is visible from the outside. The organization had a recent burglary, and the server was stolen. A good solution to...
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...1. What does RAID stand for? Short for redundant array of independent or (inexpensive) disks. It’s a category of disk drives that employ two or more drives in combination for fault tolerance performance. http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/R/RAID.html 2. When would you use RAID? When trying to survive a drive loss without data loss and in many cases without any downtime. http://steadfast.net/blog/index.php/general/almost-everything-you-need-to-know-about-raid 3. Define the following types of RAID: a. RAID 0- (known as a stripe or striped volume) splits data evenly across two or more disks (striped) without parity information for speed. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_RAID_levels b. RAID 1- an exact copy (or mirror) of a set of data on two disks. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_RAID_levels c. RAID 5- (block-level striping with distributed parity) distributes parity along with the data and requires that all devices but one be present to operate. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RAID#RAID_5 d. RAID 6- (block-level striping with double distributed parity) provides a fault tolerance up to two failed drives. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RAID#RAID_6 4. Why is RAID 0 of any use if it offers no redundancy? It can be used to improve performance through concurrent access and/or create large logical disks out of multiple physical disks. 5. Why do you think that RAID 1 can be the most expensive? Why would people utilize it if it’s so costly? Raid 1 is the most expensive...
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...home videos and pictures are safe and sound on your NAS device. There really are no limits to Network Attached Storage. With 1 GB Ethernet you can transmit just about everything you want as fast as you’re going to need it. You could also use a 10GB fiber optic cable too if you really wanted to. I guess the only real limit would be on a wireless network where you would be limited to the speed of your wi-fi connection. The capacity range of a NAS device is really only limited to the size of hard drives. A board with six SATA ports can be replicated to allow for 30 drives to be attached, if 3 TB drives are used in RAID 50 that would be 72 TB of storage, or approximately 72,000 full length movies. So you are going to be able to put as much memory on the NAS device as you’re going to need. It will only be a matter of cost that will limit you. And since RAID is very stable, there’s nothing really to be afraid of using this kind of storage. As for whether or not a family should use NAS, I believe it’s a great option. Everyone can share their data and in that way there’s a less likely chance that any data will ever be lost, unless dad spills his coffee on the NAS device. Being able to share data is also good because everyone in the house are going to be interested in similar things. Little sister just got back from vacation? Cool, all her videos and...
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...does RAID stand for? RAID stands for Redundant Array of Inexpensive Drives. That is the original term. The latest is Redundant Array of Independent Disks. 1 2. When would we use RAID? RAID is used as enhanced storage space, storing the same data in different places. Thus redundancy. 2 3. Define the types of RAID’s? a) RAID 0: This technique uses the Striping technique but has no redundancy. It has no fault tolerance. It offers very good performance though. Good for a backup. RAID 0 can be on home computers.2,3 b) RAID 1: This RAID uses Disk Mirroring. It also uses 2 drives that duplicate the storage of data. There’s no striping. The read performance has been improved since either disk can be read. RAID 1 gives the best performance and fault tolerance. It can be on home computers. 2,3 c) RAID 5: This RAID stores Parity information, but not redundant data. It has a rotating Parity Array, addressing the write limitation in RAID 4. It uses 3 sometimes 5 disks for the array. This RAID is best used for multi-user systems in which performance is not critical. Parity is used to protect the data, so if one hard drive dies, the information that was on that particular drive will be on at least another drive.2,3 d) RAID 6: This RAID is similar to RAID 5, but includes a second Parity Scheme that’s distributed across different drives giving high fault and drive failure tolerance.3 4. Why is RAID 0 of any use if it offers no redundancy? RAID 0 works something like a RAID 5 but...
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...Redundant Array of Independent Disk (RAID) is a method of storing the same data in different places on multiple disks. Disk storage space is partitioned to units this technique is called disk striping. Storing the data on multiple disks improves the performance because the operations are done and overlapped in balanced way. Storing data redundantly on multiple disks increases fault tolerance. Data that are stored in multiple disk and they are accessed parallel to achieve. * Large data access by higher data transfer rates. * Small data access by higher I/O rates Some of the different types of RAIDs are discussed below. RAID Level 0: This has non redundant disk array and less cost to the organization because it does not have redundancy at all. It is thought that this has better performance; it does not have to update redundant information. But it does not, redundancy can perform better by scheduling request in the disk by selectively with shortest seek and rotational delays. If there is no redundancy data will be loss with single disk failure. RAID Level 1: This uses the solution called mirroring and uses many disk that non redundant array disk. Whenever data is written to the disk it is also written other redundant disk it has always copies of two, so data is not lost because of single disk failure it can always request for other copies. RAID Level 2: This is memory style and provides less cost for the failed component than mirroring...
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