...Causes and Effects of Deforestation Throughout the Amazon Rainforest Over the past 50 years, deforestation rates throughout the Amazon Rainforest have been gradually increasing, and could potentially lead to the full destruction of the forest. Government participation in saving the rainforest along with community ownership could result in positive outcomes for the Amazon’s future. Many things are being affected by deforestation, such as species of animals and plants, people in general, and climate. Even though the Amazon Rainforest is close to 2.27 million square miles wide, over 600,000 square miles have been cut down since 1970. According to Hannnah, over half of the Amazon could be destroyed by the year 2030. Many farmers in the 1970s...
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...Causes of Deforestation: Agriculture - As demands on agricultural products rise more and more land is brought under cultivation for which forests are cleared, grass-lands ploughed, uneven grounds leveled, marshes drained and even land under water is reclaimed. Plantations and commercial agriculture - A major force behind deforestation is commercial agriculture: Wealthy companies clear large areas of forest to be converted into farmland. Commercial agriculture such as: Palm oil and acacia trees, cattle ranching, soybeans, etc. Urbanization - Industries and towns are developing in former rainforest. Hydroelectric power - Rivers are dammed and huge areas of forest are flooded as a result. Transport - Transport networks are built through the forest to link settlements. Industries - Forest are cleared to support industrial activities and extraction of resource, Two main types are: Logging for timber and mining for minerals. Forest Fires - Fire is often used to clear forested land, as it is cheaper than employing laborers and bringing in machinery to remove the trees and vegetation. The vegetation is cleared and left to dry out, then the area is set on fire. Burning of forest has taken place on a small scale for many thousands of years, by small groups of subsistence farmers, this is known as slash and burn agriculture. Mining - Large areas of forest are cleared for the open-cast mining of minerals such as iron, gold and copper. Roads - Road shave been...
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...Deforestation of the Amazonian Rainforest Tiffani Swank GE150 Survey of the Sciences Erica Price/Tuesday at 9:00 a.m. to 12:24 p.m. Earth’s natural resources are what we are extracting from the earth. Industries, which excavate the earth’s resources, include forestry, oil extraction, and mining. Present-day society is based upon a vast consumption of non-replaceable minerals and fuels such as coal, oil and natural gasses. Other materials such as cotton, wool timber and produce, if utilized wisely can be replenished. Is the carbon dioxide level higher, due to massive amounts of forest being cut down and the levels of carbon dioxide left in the atmosphere higher? Therefore, my hypothesis is that deforestation of the Amazon rainforest leads, not only, to a reduction of the amount of carbon dioxide taken out of the atmosphere, but also to an increased release of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. The earth’s natural resources are there for all of us to use. We need the water, food, air, energy, medicines, warmth, shelter and minerals that the earth’s natural resources give us. Therefore, keeping us fed, comfortable, healthy and alive. If we use the resources carefully then they will last indefinitely. But if we use them wastefully and excessively, they will soon run out and all will suffer. The excessive waste is happening in our rainforest every minute of every day of every...
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...Assignment: TLE *Choose your desired topic to research on the internet Topic #1 Puerto Prinsesa subterranean river #2 Tubataha Reef #3 Coron Island Visit websites associated to the chosen topic & complete information of the following areas: 1.Unique description of the tourist destinations. 2. Government and NGO environmental programs. 3. Role of the public in the reservation of the environmental and heritage sites. Coron Island Coron Island or Calis as the Tagbanuas called it, is the third largest island among the Calamianes group Islands. Coron is a part of the ancestral domain of the Tagbanuas. Meaning, some of the places here in Coron are exclusive and are not open for the public. The Government of the Philippines gave the right to them due to these following reasons: Many Tagbanuas spend their lives protecting and maintaining the beauty of the island, and this Island serves as the burial place of their loved ones. Due to this ancestral right, Tagbanuas are very cautious when it comes in allowing tourists to enter certain places. Coron is one of the best tourist attractions here at the Philippines. Along the Island, you can find white sand beaches, lagoons, and many more attractions. These include Kayangan lake, Barracuda lake, Twin Lagoons, Banol beach, Beach 91, Atuwayan Beach, Maynuno Beach, Skeleton wreck and many more. One of the attractions here is the Siete Pecados Marine Park. It is a cluster of 7 limestone islets in the entrance of the Coron...
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...Deforestation Identifying the Problem Deforestation is the removal of related ecosystems or rainforests into ecosystems that are less biodiverse such as croplands, pastures, or plantations. Also, more people need wood to make furniture, houses, and many more everyday things. An estimated 18 million acres of forest are lost each year. Believe it or not but in 100 years if the current rate of deforestation continues all forests will be gone. This will cause terrible effects on the global climate and it will get rid of the majority of plant and animal species on the planet. Deforestation is mainly due to our acts that are totally against the laws of nature. To create new land area for people forests are being destroyed. This trend shows the greed of humans and the increasing needs. There are two different types of deforestation: Clear Cutting and Slash and Burn. Clear Cutting is cutting down a large area of trees that are standing at the same time. Slash and Burn is when people cut down all the foliage in a forest and burn it to access the nutrients. (4) A lot of the countries with high amounts of deforestation are the ones that are developing. For the countries to grow and develop their economies they need access to more resources, employment of people, logging to manufacture more timber products, and agricultural expansion. The solution to getting all these positive things is deforestation. The world’s highest rates of deforestation are happening in the economies...
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...Introduction Paper has become a major product which is used widely in the modern society. Not only used obviouslyby the publishing industry, paper is also involved in specific product manufacturing like tissue, cardboard, etc. Pulp wood plays a significant role as a fundamental raw material. Back in the last decade, Indonesia as the largest pulp and paper producer in South-East Asia ran this industry based on its 141.4 million hectares tropical rainforest covering. However, serious deforestation has occurred due to the over-development of the paper and pulp industry. More and more rare species of animals and plants are becoming extinct, not to mention global warming, water loss and soil erosion. This report will discuss the said deforestation and its effects on Indonesian environment and its community, and also focus on analyzing the role of various sectors, namely thepaper and pulp product buyers, environmental non-government organizations and the Indonesian government,within the paper and pulp industry. Asia Paper & Pulp Group(APP) and Asia Pacific Resources International Limited (APRIL) are used as examples of the paper and pulp manufacturers. The report will be concluded by providing recommendations regarding the issue. Indonesia overview Indonesia maintains the highest rate of illegal logging among other countries, up to 60% of timber production. Corruption has been a prevalent issue in Indonesia, and was even worse after the end of the Suharto government...
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...Adryen SEKA 10/09/2015 ENGL-121 Instructor: Yu Bai Topic: The causes of global warming Climate changes are not new. The studies conducted by the researchers show that global temperature during the prehistoric times was generally warmer than today except during the 5 ice ages. Changes in our climate are indeed as old as our planet earth. However, global warming is one of the biggest issues of the twenty first century. Many researchers, scientists, and environmentalists are expressing concerns about changes on the climate on earth. Some believe that the climate is becoming abnormally warmer an issue which is referred as “global warming”. That’s why the major part of the world comes together to discuss about what are the causes and which impact they have on the life on earth. More and more countries are joining the meeting to discuss about how to define new restrictions to prevent and slow down the global warming. The surface of the earth which is warming up is not without consequences. Indeed some negative effects of the global warming have a heavy impact such as the rise in sea levels, less precipitation, expansion of the desert retreat of glaciers and sea ice. All these effects have their own consequences and there are many reasons which explain this global warming. Overpopulation, deforestation and burning of fossil fuels are listed as causes of the global warming. Fifty years ago the world population was about 3.7 billion with an emission of fossil fuels of 14 billion...
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...BIRD WATCHING Sri Lanka is considered to be an Ornithologist’s site due to abundance in bird life. A population of 444 bird species has been recorded and out of this number, 250 are resident, 33 endemic and the rest are Migrants. Sinharaja rainforest famously known Sinharaja Bird Wave is a place where moderately tame birds of all species are found. It is recognized by UNESCO as a world heritage site. Other places of interest include Kitugala, Udawatta Kale, Minipe, Minneriya Forests as well as Kumana, Bundala, Willpattu, Bellanwila Bird Sanctuaries. WORLD LARGEST BLUE WHALE COLONY Blue whales worldwide are known to migrate great distances unlike the ones in Sri Lanka trip guarantees a better experience. This could involve dressing in either shorts or long pants, whichever makes you more comfortable. Take a sunscreen lotion, a camera, a pair of binoculars as you are going to be out in the ocean for quite some time and you will need protection against harmful sun rays while enjoying the view and documenting for reference. If you have a history of feeling nauseated, take necessary precaution before the trip. The safety gear is provided onboard by the crew taking you on the trip on a rather choppy boat. The best time to quench your thirst for the adventure is in the morning though afternoon trips also work well for some individuals. Checking the weather conditions prior the trip is also advisable to avoid getting caught up in a storm in the sea. This is not always likely to happen...
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...a title page (one for both answers is fine) and a complete and proper list of the sources (bibliography or references cited) that you used on a separate page. You should also include in-text citations for these sources as appropriate (any recognized academic format, such as MLA, is acceptable; for examples of MLA citation and bibliography formatting see http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/557/01/). Indicate the source of specific data in the body of your answer where appropriate. Please do not repeat the questions in your answer. Please do your own work. Copying from another student’s work (past or present) or any other form of academic fraud will result in failure in the course and additional academic disciplinary action that may include expulsion from the university. There will be no exceptions. Questions 1. Standards and Themes of Geographic Knowledge * Identify and describe the SIX elements of the National Standards for geography in the United States. You are not required to list all 18 standards but you must use some of them to highlight the general content...
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...II: U Reaching out to smallholders IDH also has a Best Practices Series, whose titles include: • Marketing sustainability • Sustainable sourcing among SME’s • Beyond auditing • Sustainable trading • Retailers and sustainability • Sustainable sourcing and procurement Case study Unilever sustainable tea Part I: Leapfrogging to mainstream y Tania Braga, B Aileen Ionescu-Somers and Ralf Seifert, IMD’s Center for Corporate Sustainability Management Dutch Sustainable Trade Initiative (Initiatief Duurzame Handel) Utrecht, The Netherlands www.dutchsustainabletrade.com office@dutchsustainabletrade.com Foreword A tipping point happens when a critical mass of people begin to shift their perception of an issue and take action in a new direction. As I look across the global landscape, I feel that we are approaching a tipping point concerning global sustainability. It is catalyzed by at least three important realizations by business, government, and civil society: The first is a realization that the world is finite and that a growing population with a higher ambition for living standards will inevitably lead to a world which will be resource and carbon constrained. The second is the realization that to solve the challenges for this future world we need systems solutions. We cannot solve individual problems in silos. The connections between energy, climate change, water, food, urban infrastructure and the imperative of functioning ecosystems are very...
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...sustainable tea, Part II: U Reaching out to smallholders IDH also has a Best Practices Series, whose titles include: • Marketing sustainability • Sustainable sourcing among SME’s • Beyond auditing • Sustainable trading • Retailers and sustainability • Sustainable sourcing and procurement Case study Unilever sustainable tea Part I: Leapfrogging to mainstream Tania Braga, By Aileen Ionescu-Somers and Ralf Seifert, IMD’s Center for Corporate Sustainability Management Dutch Sustainable Trade Initiative (Initiatief Duurzame Handel) Utrecht, The Netherlands www.dutchsustainabletrade.com office@dutchsustainabletrade.com Foreword A tipping point happens when a critical mass of people begin to shift their perception of an issue and take action in a new direction. As I look across the global landscape, I feel that we are approaching a tipping point concerning global sustainability. It is catalyzed by at least three important realizations by business, government, and civil society: The first is a realization that the world is finite and that a growing population with a higher ambition for living standards will inevitably lead to a world which will be resource and carbon constrained. The second is the realization that to solve the challenges for this future world we need systems solutions. We cannot solve individual problems in silos. The connections between energy, climate change, water, food, urban infrastructure and the imperative of functioning ecosystems are very clear. A third...
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...BUSINESS ETHICS GROUP ASSIGNMENT WHAT LIES BENEATH THE BEAUTY Adityo Prasidi (1340000582) Cinthya Natalia (1340001244) Jeannie Purnamasari (1340001175) Karina Rizki (1340001130) Niltha Mathias (1340000462) Oktavius Ivoni (1340000771) Regvred Reinaldo (1340000784) Talita Anggreni (1340001023) TABLE OF CONTENT WHAT LIES BENEATH THE BEAUTY 1 CHAPTER 1 BACKGROUND: UNILEVER 2 1.1 Company Background: Unilever 2 1.2 Overview of Unilever Indonesia 3 1.3 Unilever Indonesia Foundation 3 1.4 Overview of Dove Products 4 1.5 Environmental Record 5 CHAPTER 2 CASE STUDY: UNILEVER VS GREENPEACE 7 2.1 Indonesia Palm Oil Plantation 7 2.2 Unilever Palm Oil Suppliers 11 2.3 Environment Destruction Caused by Palm Oil Plantations 14 2.3.1 Deforestation 15 2.3.2 Destruction of Orang Utan Habitat 17 2.4 The Impact to Unilever 18 CHAPTER 3 CASE ANALYSIS 19 3.1 Ethical Theory 19 3.1.1 The Stockholder Theory 19 3.1.2 The Stakeholder Theory 20 3.1.3 The Social Contract Theory 20 3.2 Triple Bottom Line 21 3.2.1 People 21 3.2.2 Planet 22 3.2.3 Profit 22 3.3 Environmental Issues of Business Ethics 22 3.3.1 Business and Ecology 23 3.3.2 The Ethics of Environmental Protection 24 3.3.3 Who Should Pay the Cost of Environmental Damage 24 3.3.4 Regulation 24 3.3.5 The Value of Nature 24 3.4 Ethical Issues 25 3.4.1 Environment Destruction 26 3.4.2 Violating the RSPOs Principles 28 3.4.3 Unilever Failure of Screening its Suppliers’ Code of Conduct 30 3.4.4 Government...
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...out to smallholders IDH also has a Best Practices Series, whose titles include: • Marketing sustainability • Sustainable sourcing among SME’s • Beyond auditing • Sustainable trading • Retailers and sustainability • Sustainable sourcing and procurement Case study Unilever sustainable tea Part I: Leapfrogging to mainstream Tania Braga, By Aileen Ionescu-Somers and Ralf Seifert, IMD’s Center for Corporate Sustainability Management Dutch Sustainable Trade Initiative (Initiatief Duurzame Handel) Utrecht, The Netherlands www.dutchsustainabletrade.com office@dutchsustainabletrade.com Foreword A tipping point happens when a critical mass of people begin to shift their perception of an issue and take action in a new direction. As I look across the global landscape, I feel that we are approaching a tipping point concerning global sustainability. It is catalyzed by at least three important realizations by business, government, and civil society: The first is a realization that the world is finite and that a growing population with a higher ambition for living standards will inevitably lead to a world which will be resource and carbon constrained. The second is the realization that to solve the challenges for this future world we need systems solutions. We cannot solve individual problems in silos. The connections between energy, climate change, water, food, urban infrastructure and the imperative of functioning ecosystems are...
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...established and incorporated in January 1st 1995 at the amendment of the General Agreement on Tariff and Trade (GATT) in 1994 with the aim of regulating international trade. The creation of this organization clearly underscored the acceptance and commitment of trade liberalization by most of the international communities. Upon signing and ratifying the WTO Agreement, each member state of the WTO committed itself through a series of agreements to ultimately liberalize its trade in goods, services and trade-related aspects of intellectual property rights. Each member state signed the WTO Understanding on Rules and Procedures Governing the Settlement of Disputes as well as the Agreement relating to the Trade Policy Review Mechanism (TPRM). This action required member states to periodically subject their national trade and economic policies for examination to ensure that their respective mandates are in keeping with the WTO’s commitments. (Strategic Plan of the Foreign Trade Division 2002). The expansion of trade has often played a significant role in the growth of the global economy since World War II, but it was not until the commencement of trade negotiations in the Uruguay Round in 1986, that multilateral trade deals tended to be limited to that of industrial countries. While developing countries benefited significantly from the growth in global trade, they were rarely active participants in the bargaining process (Economic Issues Vol. 37). At its inception, the WTO comprised of...
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...Title: G.R. No. 101083 Date: July 30, 1993 Parties Involved: JUAN ANTONIO, ANNA ROSARIO and JOSE ALFONSO, all surnamed OPOSA, minors, and represented by their parents ANTONIO and RIZALINA OPOSA, ROBERTA NICOLE SADIUA, minor, represented by her parents CALVIN and ROBERTA SADIUA, CARLO, AMANDA SALUD and PATRISHA, all surnamed FLORES, minors and represented by their parents ENRICO and NIDA FLORES, GIANINA DITA R. FORTUN, minor, represented by her parents SIGRID and DOLORES FORTUN, GEORGE II and MA. CONCEPCION, all surnamed MISA, minors and represented by their parents GEORGE and MYRA MISA, BENJAMIN ALAN V. PESIGAN, minor, represented by his parents ANTONIO and ALICE PESIGAN, JOVIE MARIE ALFARO, minor, represented by her parents JOSE and MARIA VIOLETA ALFARO, MARIA CONCEPCION T. CASTRO, minor, represented by her parents FREDENIL and JANE CASTRO, JOHANNA DESAMPARADO, minor, represented by her parents JOSE and ANGELA DESAMPRADO, CARLO JOAQUIN T. NARVASA, minor, represented by his parents GREGORIO II and CRISTINE CHARITY NARVASA, MA. MARGARITA, JESUS IGNACIO, MA. ANGELA and MARIE GABRIELLE, all surnamed SAENZ, minors, represented by their parents ROBERTO and AURORA SAENZ, KRISTINE, MARY ELLEN, MAY, GOLDA MARTHE and DAVID IAN, all surnamed KING, minors, represented by their parents MARIO and HAYDEE KING, DAVID, FRANCISCO and THERESE VICTORIA, all surnamed ENDRIGA, minors, represented by their parents BALTAZAR and TERESITA ENDRIGA, JOSE MA. and REGINA MA., all surnamed ABAYA,...
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