...ORIGINAL Afr J Psychiatry 2010;13:116-124 Mental Health Stigma: What is being done to raise awareness and reduce stigma in South Africa? 1 R Kakuma1,2,3, S Kleintjes3, C Lund3, N Drew4, A Green5, AJ Flisher3,6, MHaPP Research Programme Consortium7 Health Systems Research and Consulting Unit, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada 2Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Canada 3Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, South Africa 4Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland 5Nuffield Centre for International Health and Development (NCIHD), University of Leeds, United Kingdom 6Research Centre for Health Promotion, University of Bergen, Norway 7The Mental Health and Poverty Project (MHaPP) is a Research Programme Consortium (RPC) funded by the UK Department for International Development (DfID)(RPC HD6 2005- 2010) for the benefit of developing countries. The views expressed are not necessarily those of DfID. RPC members include Alan J. Flisher (Director) and Crick Lund (Co-ordinator) (University of Cape Town, Republic of South Africa (RSA)); Therese Agossou, Natalie Drew, Edwige Faydi and Michelle Funk (World Health Organization); Arvin Bhana (Human Sciences Research Council, RSA); Victor Doku (Kintampo Health Research Centre, Ghana); Andrew Green and Mayeh Omar (University of Leeds, UK); Fred Kigozi (Butabika Hospital, Uganda); Martin Knapp (University of London,...
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...Find out the origin of Rastafarianism 2. To identify the main symbols of Rastafarians 3. To investigate the importance of the symbols Methodology The information for this research was gathered mainly through the review of literature and from the internet. I started my research on October 20, 2011 and was finished within a two week period. Information was gathered from different sources found on different websites and from literature as seen in the bibliography. Introduction In the following project you will learn of the origin of the Rasta way of life, which arose as a result of a period of severe depression, racism and class discrimination, during the 1930. This was the perfect chance for poor people to embrace their religion, so they did. You will also learn of the different important symbols of the Rasta’s, namely, ganja, the Star of David, the word Jah, the conquering lion and the lamb, dreadlocks and the Rasta flag. These are of grave importance, being a part of their day to day activities and living. In this project the importances are highlighted also. I hope that whosoever will read this information will obtain great knowledge and understanding of the topic. Please READ, ENJOY AND BE EDUCATED! The Origin of Rastafarianism The name Rastafari, which is derived from Ras, is the title given to Amharic Royalty in Ethiopia and Tafari, which is the pre-coronation name of His Imperial Majesty (HIM) Emperor...
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...qwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxciopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmrtyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmrtyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmrtyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmrtyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfg...
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...with the help of reggae music, make Rastafari a highly visible movement and "one of the most powerful cultural forces among youths in Jamaica" and in countries around the world where one least expects to find elements of Afro-Caribbean culture. Between the 1930s and the 1950s, few people bothered to study the significance of the political and ideological concepts in Rastafarian culture. Even Jamaicans who may have understood the philosophy of the movement regarded Rastafari as another passing fad, which would die a natural death once the novelty wore off. Former Rastafarian and practicing psychologist Leahcim Tefani Semaj noted that during this phase of the movement, the dominant public opinion toward the Rastafarians was "The damn Rasta dem, wey de Rasta dem want, we just put dem in a damn boat and put dem out in the sea and sink the boat-say dem want go Africa!" Prior to the 1970s, images of the unsanitary-looking, marijuana-smoking "Natty Dread" with unkempt dreadlocks, often controlling crime-infested streets of Kingston, New York City, or London were the most common perceptions of Rastafarian culture. These stereotypes still persist today among some people in the Caribbean, the United States, and Great Britain. Since the early 1970s, however, Rastafari (the movement's self-styled name) has been recognized not only as one of the most popular Afro-Caribbean religions of the...
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...ukayani@gmail.com . CC the TAs. Good luck! 1. Zunaiza, Abeez, and Ramta pool their money to buy four tons of orange seeds from Rasta industries. They plan to plant a jointly owned property on Bedian Road that they purchased several years ago. They hope to eat the oranges grown on this property and sell the surplus at Khalis Food Market. The seeds will cost PKR 200,000. Zunaiza opens a bank account under the name “ZAR” (the first initials of each person’s name) and tells Abeez and Ramta to deposit money into it. Abeez and Ramta agree verbally to give Zunaiza PKR 50,000 each. Zunaiza puts PKR 100,000 of her own money into the ZAR account. The next day, all three visit Rasta industries and tell Kuzamata, a secretary at the company, that they will be placing an order for four tons of seeds within the next month.Two weeks later, Abeez gives Zunaiza a promissory note for PKR 50,000. Zunaiza deposits PKR 50,000 more of her own money into the ZAR account and holds onto the promissory note. She asks Abeez when Ramta will pay. Zunaiza is an intimidating questioner and starts yelling when Abeez says she hasn’t been able to track Ramta down. When she leaves the meeting, she hurriedly writes up a promissory note from Ramta to Zunaiza for PKR 50,000, forges Ramta’s signature, and returns to hand it to Zunaiza. Meanwhile, Ramta goes to Rasta, the manager of Rasta Industries, privately and tells her that two of the four tons that she will sell to ZAR are for Ramta’s private use. Ramta...
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...the tide of official and social approbation. The early elders were charged with sedition and locked up, while others were declared insane placed in the Jamaican equivalent of Bedlam. Even though Rasta was the poorest and the lowest of all they were secure with great knowledge. This religion is more than a religious gathering, however, since Rasta does not compartmentalize life into spiritual and non-spiritual periods it is an integrated way of living and of thinking of what goes beyond most definitions of religion. In 1933-1934 there was a Rastafarian movement. This movement was led by Haile Selassie I whose previous name was Rastafari Makonnen before he was crowned Emperor under the name of Haile Selassie I in October 1930. During this movement the Rastafarian take the bible as its sacred text, but interprets it in an Afro-centric because they want to reverse the changes that the “White” that made. The Rastafarian movement was closely linked to the ancient history of the Ethiopian civilization and largely based on the identification which Blacks have made with Ethiopia by virtue of biblical symbolism. In Ethiopia, Haile Selassie was given the title “Lion of the tribe of Judah ", which explains why there is a lion on the Rasta flag. He was also given the title “King of Kings and Lord of Lords ". Even though Haile Selassie I was seem as the leader of Rastafarianism but he is not a Rastafarian himself, he was a devout Christian...
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...Rastafari This page intentionally left blank Rastafari From Outcasts to Culture Bearers Ennis Barrington Edmonds 2003 198 Madison Avenue, New York, New York 10016 Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford It furthers the University's objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide in Oxford New York Auckland Bangkok Buenos Aires Cape Town Chennai Dar es Salaam Delhi Hong Kong Istanbul Karachi Kolkata Kuala Lumpur Madrid Melbourne Mexico City Mumbai Nairobi São Paulo Shanghai Taipei Tokyo Toronto Oxford is a registered trade mark of Oxford University Press in the UK and in certain other countries Copyright © 2003 by Ennis Barrington Edmonds The moral rights of the authors have been asserted Database right Oxford University Press (maker) All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of Oxford University Press, or as expressly permitted by law, or under terms agreed with the appropriate reprographics rights organization. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside the scope of the above should be sent to the Rights Department, Oxford University Press, at the address above You must not circulate this book in any other binding or cover and you must impose this same condition on any acquirer Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Edmonds...
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...Many people throughout the world have a hard time understanding what it means to be a Rasta. For some their troubles in understanding Rasta’s come because they look at Rastafari as only a religion. When one does this they run into many problems. This is because Rastafari is much more than a religion. It is a way of life, a social movement, as well as a mind set. Another reason why western people have a hard time understanding Rastafari is because the movement lacks the structure that the western world is use to. A lot of people’s understanding of Rasta’s only goes as far as to think that Rasta’s are people that live in Jamaica, smoke weed, and have Dreadlocks. These people do not begin to think what is behind the movement. The Development of Rastafari The Rastafari movement stems from the teachings of the great Jamaican leader and motivator of masses, Marces Garvey. Garvey told the African people of the world to unite and to return to African, the homeland. Garvey’s vision was for the “Blacks to overcome their feelings of inferiority and build upon their own unique and evolving culture, and ultimately return to Africa to redeem their homeland and to build a future”(Dubb. Pg2) Garvey’s vision and ability to unite people made the Jamaican people enlightened to what was going on in the world. Garvey created the U.N.I.A. and the Negro World newspaper, which helped to inform the Jamaicans of what was going on in the African world. Garvey told his followers, “Look towards...
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...What major impact the symbols have on the Rastafarian followers Summary of Findings According to The New Integrated Approach Religious Education Workbook, Rastafarians has many symbols. The public symbols are the most dominant. These involve hair styling and their use of food. Hair styling Many Rastafarians wear dreadlocks and beard, but not all of them do. To grow dreadlocks, Rastas just wash it and leave it. The locks take time to grow and one cannot just change his or her hairstyle without showing all of his or her hair. Therefore, it is a symbol of commitment. Rastas’ locks are also a semi- permanent symbol that signifies their devotion to Jah. The use of Food Rastafarians do not eat meat, they are strictly vegetations. Their diet has to be natural; therefore no artificial food is used. Only a few dairy products are eaten. Rastas’ diet consists of Ital food, which means they do not use salt. Their favourite dish is rice and peas cooked in natural coconut milk and natural spices. Vegetables are then added. Rastas’ diet also consists of plenty nuts, beans and fruits. They boil herbs and...
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...considered to be particularly Babylonian: was it not from this city | |that Mussolini invaded the holy land of Ethiopia in 1935? Religions always reflect | |the social and geographical environment out of which they emerge, and Jamaican | |Rastafarianism is no exception: for example, the use of marijuana as a sacrament | |and aid to meditation is logical in a country where a particularly potent strain of| |'herb' grows freely. | | | |Marijuana: The Weed of Wisdom | |In fact, the herb "ganja" (marijuana) was regarded as "wisdomweed," and Rasta | |leaders urged that it be smoked as a religious rite, alleging that it was found | |growing on the grave of King Solomon and citing biblical passages, such as Psalms | |104:14, to attest to its sacramental properties: "He causeth the grass to grow for | |the cattle, and herb for the service of man, that he may bring forth food out of | |the earth." | | | |"Ital" Diet and Dreadlocks | |A set of dietary and hygienic laws were formulated to accompany the religion's | |doctrine. They...
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...------------------------------------------------- SYMBOLS FOR RASTAS’ RASTA FLAG THE LION OF THE TRIBE OF JUDAH THE STAR OF DAVID DREADLOCKS MARIJUANA LEAVES ------------------------------------------------- MORE INFORMATION ABOUT RASTAFIANISM Ganja (Marijuana) Ganja was brought to Jamaica in the late 1800's by indentured East Indians, who were brought to the Island to work after slavery ended. Eventually it was outlawed and made illegal. The Jamaican environment and climate was the perfect place for the plant to grow. The use of ganja in Jamaica is not unique to Rastafarians. Before Rastafari began, ganja was used by herbalists in Jamaica as a medicine in teas. It was also mixed with tobacco for smoking. Ganja is considered the "wisdom weed" by Rastafarians, as its use helps one to gain wisdom. Rastafarians use it as a part of a religious rite and as a means of getting closer to their inner spiritual self, Jah (God) and Creation. Marijuana and Other Rasta Symbols-Body-4 Ganja is also seen by Rastafarians as the herb of life mentioned in the Bible. Rastafarians use of ganja is justified by the following Psalms 104:14 that say, "He causeth the grass to grow for the cattle and herb for the service of man, that he may bring forth food out of the earth." Rastafarians also say it was found growing at the grave of King Solomon in the Bible. Rastafarian consumes it through smoking and eating (not recommended). The smoking of Ganja is a part of a...
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...His father was mostly absent during Bob’s upbringing as a result of his family’s disapproval of the interracial marriage. Captain Norval family ensured that he was demoted to the lowest possible ranking in the British navy, barely earning enough money to feed himself let alone a young wife and child. Ciddy sent many letters to Captain Norval but received no reply. She raised Bob in the countryside of Jamaica on her own by opening a produce shop selling the food grown on her father’s farm. Ciddy was the predominant figure during Bob Marley’s childhood. This inter-racial structure as well as the un-involvement by his father, many would say, contributed to Marley’s active roles in Rastafarianism and the human rights movements later in life. (”Rasta-man-vibration) Marley lived with his mother in the countryside until the age of ten when he was sent to Kingston for...
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...major impact the symbols have on the Rastafarian followers Summary of Findings According to The New Integrated Approach Religious Education Workbook, Rastafarians has many symbols. The public symbols are the most dominant. These involve hair styling and their use of food. Hair styling Many Rastafarians wear dreadlocks and beard, but not all of them do. To grow dreadlocks, Rastas just wash it and leave it. The locks take time to grow and one cannot just change his or her hairstyle without showing all of his or her hair. Therefore, it is a symbol of commitment. Rastas’ locks are also a semi- permanent symbol that signifies their devotion to Jah. The use of Food Rastafarians do not eat meat, they are strictly vegetations. Their diet has to be natural; therefore no artificial food is used. Only a few dairy products are eaten. Rastas’ diet consists of Ital food, which means they do not use salt. Their favourite dish is rice and peas cooked in natural coconut milk and natural spices. Vegetables are then added. Rastas’ diet also consists of plenty nuts, beans and fruits. They boil...
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...Comparative Religion Reflection Essay Reflection Essay My Religion and Malloy’s Eight Elements I was born and raised in the Lutheran Church with a strong belief system. As of recent years, I have opted to not attend church services, but still feel very strong about the beliefs that I was raised with. There are a few beliefs that I was raised with that I don’t buy into, such as the belief that god created earth and all things on it in 6 days. There is far too much scientific evidence to suggest that evolution has and is constantly taking place. Despite this, I do thing that our belief system plays a very important part in my life. For me, community does not play as big of a role in my belief system. I tend to believe that one does not necessarily need to attend church to worship god. I do that every day in my daily life. I am so thankful for my friends, family, life and everything in it. This has been my dad’s feeling for a very long time and I tend to follow him. We do have several central myths that we believe in. All of these myths are told in the bible and are stories that we learn from the time we are young children. I remember going to bible camp when I was in elementary and junior high school. We would go for a week and always on the last night of camp, the counselors put on what was called the Passion Play. The play was the story of the last few days of Jesus’ life, his crucifixion, and how he rose from the dead. I have such vivid memories of...
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...which is based on verse 31 of Psalm 68 of the Bible. This prophecy became the foundation of the Rastafari movement. The religion takes its name from Haile Selassie's original name, Ras Tafari Makonnen. Selassie is regarded by Rastafarians as the Black Messiah or Jah Rastafari. He is the central figure of salvation who will save blacks from white suppressors and reunite them with their homeland, Africa. LEADERS OF RASTA Leonard P. Howell is said to have had the greatest impact on the development of Rastafarian ideology in Jamaica in the 1930s. Howell, who had served in the third Ashanti War between England and Ghana in the Gold Coast in 1901, preached the divinity of Haile Selassie and said that blacks would gain the superiority over their oppressors, who are referred to as ‘Babylon’. THE ROYAL VISIT In 1966, after persons who had heard of Haile Selassie’s visit to Trinidad requested that he make a stopover in Kingston. On April 21, 1966 thousands of onlookers, including hundreds of Rastafarians, gathered at the airport to witness his arrival. Rastas had believed that the day of (Oct 16 2015 7:55 pm) http://www.religionfacts.com/rastafarianism A religion with deep political convictions, Rastafarianism began in the slums of Jamaica in the 1920s and 30s. African religious tradition has heavily...
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