...During the late 19th and early 20th centuries, empire building was practiced by the world’s great powers. At this time, the United States wished to show the world its strength through building an empire of its own and annexing nations such as the Philippines. Though the annexation of the Philippines had certain benefits, including a better economy, one must also consider that it was unrighteous and inequitable as well, considering the Americans had deceived the Filipinos and had become a tyranny. Ultimately, imperialism and annexation were unethical and America was wrong to have annexed the Philippines. By annexing the Philippines, the United States had become a tyranny as they were governing another nation without consent. The US practiced despotism as they had controlled the Philippines for simply their own gain, instead of considering how it may affect the other nation in question. It also raises the point that the US was going against their beliefs and values as they believed that it was wrongful to control another country without permission, causing people to think that they were hypocrites as they too, had fought a war for their independence. However, as they annexed the Philippines, they were on their way to becoming the country they had fought against. In addition, the US had helped the Philippines get their independence but snatched it away almost immediately, frightening the Filipinos and making them think that they would once again be ruled cruelly, similarly to being...
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...This has been one Nationalism was built for diverse groups of people to have sovereignty within surrounding states. They were able to unify into a single region by sharing common laws, central administration, time zones, national markets, and language (Pollard et al, 2015). In the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, “nationalism became closely linked to imperialism” (Pollard et al, 2015). Imperialism consists of extending one states control over the surrounding states to form a larger nation that shared common beliefs and traditions. Imperialism relates to a process...
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...Katie Filbeck November 10, 2012 The Problem with the Color-Line Paper Arguably, race has been the most endemic division in American politics and policy. Although class is the essential construct in understanding American economic life and the workplace, Americans often think of themselves as workers, managers, and owners. Class remains the elusive little secret in American political life. Indeed few, if any, important political conjunctures in American history have crystallized around American workers acting as a class-conscious political force. I will briefly inform you on the state and national policies that entrenched the color-line through the First World War. I will conclude my paper by talking about how racial ideas played into the acceptance of immigrants within U.S. culture and as a justification for U.S. imperialism into the 1920s. The first couple of decades in the twentieth century were some of the low points for African Americans since the end of the Civil War. America was always viewed as a role model for democracy to the rest of the world. Little did they know about the problems that were hidden from the public. America was battling racial and gender equality. Women had long been battling issues such as the right to vote in the political system and the types of jobs they were able to hold. Our text stated that “a typical life path for a woman of this era was marriage and family, where her responsibility was tending to...
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...societies encouraging democratization of non-western societies is believed to be cultural imperialism, which abuses the power of states in the developing world. However for the purpose of this paper, I view the support of democratization by Western societies as a positive approach to achieving the core significance of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights that is supposedly recognized by all states. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights was created on the notion of a common human race. It represents the first global expression of rights to which all human beings are naturally entitled. Of the fifty-eight countries that were members of the United Nations in 1948, forty-eight countries initially approved the document. Essentially all of the world’s states have approved it since then, which indicates that in any event its principle articles should be used by all states as an instrument in binding international law in spite of the presence of treaty ratification or state of war. Considering the fact that most countries have agreed to abide by the Declaration of Human Rights, it can be assumed that all states would have the intention to accomplish that in the best way possible. With the intentions of protecting essential human rights, the promotion of democratization is crucial and the most proficient way possible. The twenty second article of the Declaration of Human Rights states that: (1) Everyone has the right to take part in the government of his country, directly...
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...thinking began to take place in the Nineteenth Century (Hirschfield, 1998, p.35). The Nineteenth Century saw the search for the historical and biological origins of race (Hannaford, 1996, p.235). It went beyond the simply classification of race and towards a more significant delineation of race into one that embodies characteristics, personalities and even mental abilities. Several key developments were relevant to this progression. These will be examined as follows: first the importance of the development of biological categories and the influence of power will be examined. Secondly, the development of scientific dialogue of Darwinism and Eugenics will be discussed. Thirdly, an examination will be made of the influence of nationalism and imperialism. Finally, the notion to which the discourse became self-serving will be considered in that as the connection...
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...Manifesto Introduction: Aaron Swartz was an American programmer, entrepreneur, political organizer, a writer and an internet hacktivist. He put his life under the FBI threat for being indicted for his illegal data- theft. For this reason, he committed suicide in 2013 where he hanged himself in his Brooklyn apartment. For the purpose of this proposal, I aim to convince the granting agency to justify a grant of $100,000 in order to produce a documentary film about the Aaron Swartz and his opinions about the Open Access Movement. I will provide you with some information and sources about Aaron Swartz. In my rationale, I am going to provide reasons about why you should do such a film and the importance of making such a film. While Aaron accomplished a lot in his short life, the focus of your documentary film will be on Aaron Swartz and his opinions about open access. Rationale: Aaron Swartz, nicknamed the Internet’s Own Boy, was born in November 1986, in Chicago. Swartz immersed himself in the study of computers, programming, the Internet, and Internet culture. He did not complete his education, Swartz attended North Shore Country Day School, a small private school near Chicago, until 9th grade. He left high school in the 10th grade, and enrolled in courses at a Chicago area college (Wikipedia n.d). At age 13, Swartz won an ArsDigita Prize, given to young people who create "useful, educational, and collaborative" non- commercial websites (Wikipedia n.d). At age 14, he became a...
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...the ruling elite and its foreign patrons along with repressions sealed the fate of the Iranian leader signifying the historic shift of power and foreign vector. The point is that the Iranian Revolution of 1979 was the product of Shah Pahlavi’s repressive regime largely facilitated by regime’s weakness and unpreparedness, which culminated in crucial achievement and the establishment of a theocratic regime ruled by Ayatollah Khomeini over the following decade. Popular Sentiments, Ideological Groups, the Unique Nature of the Iranian Revolution, Rationales behind the Revolt, the Factors of Success Philosophy Doctor Homa Katouzian (n.d.) noted that the revolution of 1979 was the rebellion of the Iranian society against the political regime reigning supreme at the time of the event. Based on its underlying features, what happened in the country in the late 1970s did not match the norms of Western revolutions for a number of reasons. The state overthrown in the process was far from a conventional dictatorship. Rather, the Iranian regime was an absolute and despotic political system that was devoid of legitimacy and a requisite social base throughout the entire society (Katouzian, n.d.). Over the 38-year reign of Mohammed Pahlavi, the shah made one fateful decision that sealed his future and that of...
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...the key players and events for each of the following : | | | 1)The evolution of the causes of World War I. | 5 | | 2)The socio-cultural impact of World War I on the U.S. | 8 | | 3)Woodrow Wilson’s rationale for engaging in World War I (note the theme of an individual’s right of God-given freedoms). | 8 | | 4)The cultural milieu of Roaring Twenties and its impact on the Great Depression. | 8 | | 5)The causes and consequences of the Great Depression and its socio-economic impact on American society. | 12 | | 6)Evaluate the socio-economic effects of the New Deal and its legacy to American history | 10 | | 7)The lingering consequences of the Treaty of Versailles that gave rise to the dictatorships of the Axis powers. | 6 | | 8)The evolution of events that brought the U.S. into World War II (note the theme of “God-given freedoms for all people”). | 14 | | 9)The socio-economic and cultural impact of World War II on U.S. society. | 14 | | 10)World War II’s legacy to American history, including its social, economic, political, and cultural impacts. | 15 | | | | | Solid academic writing and in-text citations including a reference page using GCU documentation guidelines. | 30 | | After the turn of the 20th century people in the United States were not looking to get involved in any political problems or military issues with any other country or nation anywhere else in the world. There seemed to be no threats to what was a fairly satisfactory existence...
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...results of the conflict as well as having a decisive impact upon the implementation of policies within the United States and the Soviet Union. Qiang Zhai’s, “Beijing and the Vietnam Peace Talks, 1965-68: New Evidence from Chinese Sources,” showed how the Communist Chinese desired to continue the war in Vietnam for ideological and imperial desires, thus rebuffing any peace overture made from Western powers. Mao Lin’s, “China and the Escalation of the Vietnam War: The First Years of the Johnson Administration”, stated that there clearly was a political struggle between the Soviet Union, Communist China, and the United States in Vietnam. Lin stated that Vietnam simply was another battlefield in the Cold War struggle. Melvyn P. Leffler stated the United States in Vietnam continued to fight to save face and credibility as defender of the free world. During the 1960’s Communist China perceived itself as the defender of national liberation movement, sent aid to the North Vietnamese, and refused to allow them to discuss peace with the United States. Additionally, Communist China wanted to gain influence within Southeast Asia and stamp out any influence from the Soviet Union in addition to the United States. Ideologically driven actions taken by Communist China in Vietnam when tied with events of the Sino-Soviet split had drastic implications upon actions that were taken by the United States in Vietnam. Finally, implications of the Vietnam War touched all three major participants and fundamentally...
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...19, 1953, the United States sanctioned its first, peacetime use of covert action to overthrow the constitutional government of a sovereign nation, successfully orchestrating the overthrow of Iran`s popular Prime Minister, Mohammed Mossadegh, and restoring the Shah to his throne. The question is — why? Thesis This paper will argue that the Marxist framework of international relations — namely that economic interest determines politics and political structure, and that the goal of economic (and political) activity is the redistribution of wealth and power — provides the most effective explanation as to the driving force behind the US governments fateful decision. The paper will reconstruct the information available to the Eisenhower administration up to the planning and execution of Operation Ajax, as the coup came to be called by the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), so as to ascertain the key elements that would have factored into the governments foreign policy decision-making process prior to the event. It will then illustrate the aptness of Marxist theory, first, of its own accord, as well as through offering a comparative analysis of an alternative Realist theory. Finally, the paper will conclude by distinguishing between the US governments motivation versus its justification for the coup, thereby demonstrating not only why but also how this particular foreign policy decision was undertaken. Two prevailing theories have been posited to explain the rationale behind the US...
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...Review: The Reluctant Fundamentalist by Mohsin Hamid BY ABHIMANYU CHANDRA · AUGUST 2012 The question “who is to be blamed” wafts uneasily through the entire tapestry of Changez’s tale. The Reluctant Fundamentalist, by Mohsin Hamid, leaves the reader disturbed and questioning. Why does Changez adopt the rabid path that he does? Who really is the quiet and muscular American sitting across the table from Changez, sharp and cautious, with a metallic object by his chest, for which he repeatedly reaches upon sensing a threat? Who is the waiter, formidable and terse, serving Changez and the American at the café, and why does he seemingly pursue them through the dark alleys of the Pakistani city of Lahore? And what happens after the novel ends, late at night, as the waiter signals to Changez to stop the American, Changez cryptically pronounces—“we shall at last part company”—and the American reaches for the metallic object under his jacket? The novel, a dramatic monologue, follows Changez from Pakistan to America and back to Pakistan. Changez recounts his tale when he sees an American at a Lahore café and initiates a conversation with him. Born and brought up in Pakistan, Changez matriculates at Princeton, graduating summa cum laude. He begins work, thereafter, with a dauntingly selective and boutique valuation firm, Underwood Samson, based in New York. Just as his professional career is about to start, he forms an intimate friendship with the enchanting and well-placed Erica. Content...
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...Racism 2 In this current disenchanted world, there is no meaningful order of things or events outside the human domain. When the forests and the farms are no longer considered sacred and the spirits we tempted with food and sacrifice have no mysterious risks associated with the systematic rape of mother Earth. Then a disenchanted nature is no longer alive. The living Earth commands no respect, reverence or love. It is nothing but a giant machine, to be mastered to serve human purposes. The animists(1) took care of this planet on up to the last few hundred years. As man accidentally discovers the beginnings of commerce that opens the doors to an industrial nation, then an industrial world will soon discover industrial waste. Whether the notion that a mountain or a tree is to be regarded as a person is taken literally or not, the attempt to engage with the surrounding world as if it consists of other people might possibly provide the basis for a respectful attitude towards living things. If your disenchantment is over the environmental problems and destruction, then the environmental racism byproduct can be regarded as an attempt to reveal to you that we are part of the world collective and that we are in a sense, the world itself. Environmental racism(2) is one of the biggest problems the world faces today. Issues created by corporate polluters produce trouble in the form of economic, as well as, physical. For some individuals and cultures, it affects them every...
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...African Journal of History and Culture Vol. 3(5), pp. 65-72, June 2011 Available online at http://www.academicjournals.org/AJHC ISSN 2141-6672 ©2011 Academic Journals Review A critique of modernization and dependency theories in Africa: Critical assessment J. Matunhu Department of Development Studies, Midlands State University, Zimbabwe. E-mail: matunhuj@msu.ac.zw. Accepted 6 April, 2011 The way states and development specialists rationalize how to commit economic resources to development is influenced, to a greater extent by their level of persuasion towards specific development theories. The discourse assesses the influence of modernization and dependency theories on Africa’s development. The conclusion is that both theories have failed to help develop Africa. The discourse pins hope on the African Renaissance theory of development. Key words: Modernization, dependency, rural underdevelopment, African renaissance. INTRODUCTION Africa houses plentiful economic resources. Paradoxically, the continent languishes in poverty as evidenced by high prevalence of famine, disease and ignorance (Buthelezi, 2007). This presentation attributes the poverty to theories of development because the way society deals with underdevelopment is influenced by development theories. The presentation assesses the effect of modernity and dependency theories on Africa’s development and concludes by recommending the adoption of the African Renaissance theory to Africa’s development. In this presentation...
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...characterized by mutual distrust, suspicion and misunderstanding by both the United States and Soviet Union, and their allies. At times, these conditions increased the likelihood of the third world war. The United States accused the USSR of seeking to expand Communism throughout the world. The Soviets, meanwhile, charged the United States with practicing imperialism and with attempting to stop revolutionary activity in other countries. Each block's vision of the world contributed to East-West tension. The United States wanted a world of independent nations based on democratic principles. The Soviet Union, however, tried control areas it considered vital to its national interest, including much of Eastern Europe. Through the Cold War did not begin until the end of World War II, in 1945, U.S.-Soviet relations had been strained since 1917. In that year, a revolution in Russia established a Communist dictatorship there. During the 1920's and 1930's, the Soviets called for world revolution and the destruction of capitalism, the economic system of United States. The United States did not grant diplomatic recognition to the Soviet Union until 1933. In 1941, during World War II, Germany attacked the Soviet Union. The Soviet Union then joined the Western Allies in fighting Germany. For a time early in 1945, it seemed possible that a lasting friendship might develop between the United States and Soviet Union...
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...http://wjss.sciedupress.com World Journal of Social Science Vol. 1, No. 1; 2014 Theories of US Foreign Policy: An Overview Hang Thi Thuy Nguyen1 1 The Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology, Australia Correspondence: Hang Thi Thuy Nguyen, School of Global, Urban and Social Science, The Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology, Australia. E-mail: thuyhang032003@gmail.com Received: July 27, 2013 doi:10.5430/wjss.v1n1p20 Accepted: August 12, 2013 Online Published: August 13, 2013 URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/wjss.v1n1p20 Abstract This article reviews major theoretical perspectives to US foreign policy as well as on how these theoretical perspectives explain foreign policy decision making and conducting of the US. First, the paper will discuss the process of making foreign policy to sustain US core values and interests which are determined by five major categories of sources (i) the external environment, (ii) the societal environment of the nation, (iii) the governmental setting, (iv) the roles of foreign policymakers, and (v) the individual personalities of foreign policy-making elites (Wittkopf et al 2008, p. 15). Then, the paper will examine the defensive and offensive realism, liberalism, marxism, neoclassical realism, constructivism which can be based on to understand US foreign policy behaviour. It will be concluded that no single theory has the capacity to describe, explain and predict US foreign policy behaviour. A mixture of such...
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