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CHAPTER 18

Working-Capital Management and Short-Term Financing

CHAPTER ORIENTATION

In this chapter we introduce working-capital management in terms of managing the firm's liquidity. Specifically, net working capital is defined as the difference in current assets and current liabilities. The hedging principle is offered as one approach to addressing the firm's liquidity problems. In addition, this chapter deals with the sources of short-term financing that must be repaid within 1 year.

CHAPTER OUTLINE

I. Managing current assets

A. Like fixed assets, the firm's investment in current assets is determined by the marginal benefits derived from investing in them compared with their acquisition cost.

B. However, the mix of current and fixed assets of the firm's investment in total assets is an important determinant of the firm's liquidity. That is, the greater the firm's investment in current assets, other things remaining the same, the greater the firm's liquidity. This is generally true since current assets are usually more easily converted into cash.

C. The firm can invest in marketable securities to increase its liquidity. However, such a policy involves committing the firm's funds to a relatively low-yielding (in comparison to fixed assets) investment.

II. Managing the firm's use of current liabilities

A. The greater the firm's use of current liabilities, other things being the same, the less will be the firm's liquidity.

B. There are a number of advantages associated with the use of current liabilities for financing the firm's asset investments.

1. Flexibility. Current liabilities can be used to match the timing of a firm's short-term financing needs exactly.

2. Interest cost. Historically, the interest cost on short-term debt has been lower than that on

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