...Jude_Midterm Counselling Theory Paper 2013 Fall. Reality Therapy (William Glasser). Gladding (2005) maintained that reality therapy was formulated by William Glasser in the early 1960s. It began as a major theoretical approach in 1965 with the publication of Glasser’s book Reality Therapy (1965). This approach emphasizes choices that people can make to change their lives and focuses on two general concepts: the environment necessary for conducting counselling and the procedures leading to change (Wubbolding, 1998, as cited in Gladding, 2005, p.91) it is usually essential to establish a safe environment before change can occur. Reality therapy is a flexible, friendly, and firm approach to working with clients, it is also action oriented. It emphasizes the fulfilment of psychological needs, the resolution of personal difficulties, and the prevention of future problems (Gladding, 2005). Reality Therapy View Of Human Nature/Personality Gladding said that Glasser maintained that people act on a conscious level and that they are not driven by instincts and the unconscious. Glasser believes that there is a health/ growth forces in every person that seeks both physical and psychological health/ growth. Physically, there is the need to obtain and use life-sustaining necessities such as food, water, and shelter. According to Glasser, human behaviour was once controlled by physical need for survival. He associates behaviours such as breathing, digesting, and sweating with physical or...
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...Glaser’s Seven Deadly Habits Choice Theory (also known as Reality Theory), developed by William Glasser, (2013) involves a central idea that individuals are responsible for their own choices. Inherent in this idea is the concept that one cannot control the actions or feelings of another. With this in mind, it is imperative to create a classroom in which students feel respected, safe and happy. This involves creating and understanding relationships with students and an effort to pay attention to the relationships students develop with each other in the classroom. (Not to mention the relationships teacher form with peer groups, administrators and stake holders in their educational communities). Glasser refers to the following behaviors as the “seven deadly habits” of teachers. These are behaviors which prevent the establishment of caring and safe learning environments by creating disharmony and discord in the classroom and prevent the establishment of healthy relationships. • Criticizing • Blaming • Complaining • Nagging • Threatening • Punishing • Rewarding others in an attempt to control behavior Glasser suggests teachers should establish the habit of replacing these negative behaviors with seven “connecting habits” which he identifies as: • Caring • Listening • Supporting • Respecting • Encouraging • Trusting • Negotiating differences I know that it is important to maintain a respectful, safe and happy environment for my students in the band room...
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...William Glasser Reality Therapy/Choice Therapy Introduction “Choice theory is the theoretical basis for reality therapy; it explains why and how we function”. (Corey, 2013, p.306) The following report will explore the work of William Glasser. William Glasser, 1925 – 2013, was an American psychiatrist who developed a theory on human behaviour. Glasser believed that our behaviour is the cornerstone for how our lives are developing, for how we feel and how we act. He believed that we have control over our behaviours and thus we have control over what we think and how we act. It is through reality therapy that a client can learn how to change his or her behaviour. The use of strategies, by a qualified therapist, can set about achieving a happier life for the client. These set of strategies are not a set of rules to follow, but, are used in accordance with the progress of the client, thus requiring a qualified therapist, as outlined by The William Glasser Institute (2010). Glasser believed that using terms such as depressed or angry shows a lack of personal responsibility. Instead Glasser used terms like depressing, headaching, angering. He said that these are only part of our behaviour, people are not depressed, they are depressing themselves, as argued by Corey (2013). Philosophical principles. “Many of the problems of clients are caused by their inability to connect, to get close to others, or to have a satisfying or successful relationship with at least one significant...
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...REALITY THERAPY Reality Therapy: A New Approach to Psychiatry by William Glasser, M.D. Click on book title to buy direct from Amazon.com! Reality Therapy (Dr. William Glasser, M.D., 1965), according to Bob Sullo, is a method of counseling based on Choice Theory and aimed at helping individuals gain more effective control over their own lives. Individuals can also use it to improve their own effectiveness. This process has been proven effective in education, parenting, leadership, and management; it lends itself to any situation where people need to learn how to satisfy their needs in responsible ways. Reality Therapy is based on the belief that we all choose what we do with our lives and that we are responsible for our choices. Responsibility is defined as learning to choose behaviors that satisfy our needs and, at the same time, do not deprive others of a chance to do the same. Practitioners of Reality Therapy seek to persuade individuals to look honestly both at what they want and what they are doing to get what they want. An individual who is frustrated, or is frustrating others, is taught to evaluate what he or she is doing and, from this evaluation, learns about and puts into practice more effective (need-satisfying) behaviors. Reality Therapy helps people learn to be in effective control of their lives. It is a noncoercive method of communicating that enhances people's ability to make effective, need-fulfilling choices. Reality Therapy is an ongoing process with...
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...This paper will consist of an overall review of group experiences. It will highlight thoughts, feeling and experiences of a group leader. It also illustrates the thoughts, feelings and experience as a group member. The paper demonstrates different stages of group that was evident in group sessions. This paper reveals the theories, that group members implemented into their sessions, such as Cognitive Behavior, Cognitive Restructuring, Reality and Choice, Adlerian Therapy, and Erickson’s 8 stages of Psychosocial Development. This paper displays various techniques that range from Here and Now, and Homework that was also utilized during groups. This paper provides examples of various stages of group that was evident in group sessions such as, the...
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...Final Paper: Personal Theory of Counseling or Psychotherapy Student: Student ID # COUN 6722 Program: MS in Marriage, Couple and Family Counseling Specialization: Trauma and Crisis Intervention Walden University May 18, 2012 The final paper for this course will demonstrate my ability to understand, integrate and apply theories of counseling and psychotherapy based on teachings from the course. My personal theory of counseling or psychotherapy will be presented by examining my basic view of human nature and the key factors I strongly believe account for changes in behavior. The nature of the therapist-client relationship and its relative importance will be explained as well as the key functions and role of the therapist. Key goals of therapy will be described and the particular techniques and procedures specific to my preferred therapeutic approach will be noted. Lastly, the populations and/or client issues best suited and least suited for the named approach will be discussed. View of Human Nature My basic view of human nature is similar to the ideals of Thomas Hobbes. He perceived humans as individuals who are driven by specific desires which motivate their behaviors. Exhibiting certain behaviors will satisfy the desires (Malcolm, 2002). Hobbes’ theory coincides with my own that humans have the ability to decide whether to alter their behaviors to ultimately fulfill their desires (trial and error) or to relinquish their original desires in exchange for more...
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...there is a strategy behind it. Counseling is not about expect fixing problematic people, they just motivate people to pick up the broken pieces in their behaviors that need attention. Because counselors have a lot of experience witnessing human beings in various forms of life challenges, they use techniques or share observations that are more revealing than what friends or family members might say. With these revelations, clients make decisions and with the support of the counselor, clients take action towards positive growth in their lives. This paper is an expression of my current thinking regarding a theoretical approach of individual counseling. The counselor’s approach is unique based on his or her personal belief systems and values. I have adopted and integrated counseling approach to understanding the individual’s irrational beliefs and the implications of these beliefs on thinking, feeling and behavior. In this paper, the word ‘counselor’ and ‘therapist’ will be used interchangeably. Developing Personal Style of Counseling: My integrative Approach to Counseling Different counseling theorists have proposed different theories of counseling and they are all good approaches in their...
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...Behavioral Therapy for Children with Autism: Review and Considerations for Future Research. Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, 34(9), 702-715. This article describes the techniques and results of cognitive behavioral therapy for children with autism. Cognitive behavioral therapy is commonly used for children with an autism spectrum disorder. The therapy addresses the child’s anxiety, disruptive behavior, and core autism symptoms. Evidence suggests that cognitive behavioral therapy is possibly efficacious for anxiety and autism symptoms. Garfinkel, M.D., P. E., Kline, M.D., S. A., & Stancer, Ph.D., M.D., H. C. (1973, December). Treatment of Anorexia Nervosa Using Operant Conditioning Techniques. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 157(6), 428-433. This article describes using operant conditioning techniques of female patients with anorexia nervosa. Each patient had a certain criteria that had to be met in order to be a part of the study. Patients were observed for a full week and goals were set for daily and weekly weight gain. Patients were rewarded with certain privileges if goals were met but if a goal was not met than no reward was given. Graham, M. A., Sauerheber, J. D., & Britzman, M. J. (2013, April) Choice Theory and Family Counseling A Pragmatic, Culturally Sensitive Approach. The Family Journal, 21(2), 230-234. Choice theory and reality therapy is used during counseling sessions but not used as much in family therapy. Choice theory...
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...therapists gain an understanding and interpretation of what may be happening for the client. This paper demonstrates my understanding and application of two theories to conceptualize a case study. Lastly, I summarize how these theories could benefit the client. Case Formulation “Theories provide therapists with concepts that allow them to think systematically about human development” (Jones-Nelson, 2011, p. 8). Theories are particularly important for therapists as they provide a framework for helping the client. It helps to support therapists on how to think about a client’s behavior, how to treat them and how to respond to them during the sessions (Jones-Nelson, 2011). Summary of Case I selected the case formulation of Kasey, the 25 year old woman who has concerns about her Generalized Anxiety Disorder. I selected this case because it provides me with insight on how family dynamics and psychological vulnerabilities influence the development of anxiety disorders. Secondly, as a marriage, couple and family therapist in training, it is helpful to have knowledge of family systems and how these systems may affect the individual. Cognitive Theory The first theory that I will be applying in the case formulation of Kasey is cognitive therapy, developed by Aaron Beck. The cognitive therapy is structured, short-term, present-centered, problem-orientated, collaborative, directed at solving...
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...First and Second Order Cybernetic Approach 1. How is reality seen by each specific approach? Describing reality is a challenge as is something that is unseen and untouchable. The first order cybernetic approach talks of the system that is entirely independent to the observer, while the second order cybernetic approach talks of systems that observe themselves. Hoffman (1985) challenges the way reality is viewed in second order cybernetic as he believes that people could never be sure as to what they think they saw is actually a real or is actually there. From the first order cybernetic approach the epistemological principle view reality a something that can be learned through the process of observation and at the same time the whoever has went through that process will not influenced by the same process. Individual can observe themselves, reality is how the individual see themselves without looking at the outside world (Becvar & Becvar, 2006). According to Becvar et al (2006) the therapist in the second order cybernetic approach has to take note that their observation can be influenced by the process and reality will be a challenge as they will have to consider the perception of their clients and their own perception. Looking at both the approaches reality is seen or view as perceptions created by the individual. 2. How is health and pathology addressed by each approach? In trying to address health from the first order cybernetic a healthy family is a family which...
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...12/6/14 Integrative Theory paper I have always hoped to be able to work with adults dealing with trauma, mental illness, and addictions. My personal opinion is that there is not enough counselors out there for adults. I welcome the idea of having my own practice and to being able to help someone make a positive change in his or her life. Though I must admit, that after working with aggressive, traumatized, abused kids I think I will work with families as well as single adults. At the beginning of this semester, I sated that self-awareness is something that grows over time and with exploration. I find myself reflecting on my thoughts and beliefs on a daily basis, a constant growth that can only lead to being a great counselor in the future. To further recap on my mindset, beliefs, and qualities, I see myself as having a gift for understanding and empathizing with others. Additionally, my personal qualities of patience, compassion, and good listening give me the character traits needed to be an exceptional counselor.It is because of my life experiences that I venture into the world of Clinical Mental Health utilizing theories such as, Positive Psychology, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Reality (choice) Theory, Sand Tray (for the kids), and Client-Centered Therapy. To touch on my view of the world, by no means is it a naïve view. The world can be harsh, vile, and unforgiving. On the other hand, the world is full of opportunity, grace, miracles, and forgiveness. As...
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...Final Paper PY 570 Sevena McClain University of West Alabama March 6, 2015 Abstract Behavior problems within our youth have become a major problem in today’s society. In one (1) out of every three (3) families there is at least one (1) family that suffers more than others with this problem. There is a demand for help at making a difference in our at-risk adolescents and individuals who are willing to provide services for those that are suffering with behavior problems. The goal is to modify a model that can assist them in what society needs to help prevent at-risk adolescents from making repeated mistakes through a therapeutic process. There are many homes and schools that are in an uproar, because nothing is being done to help families that cannot afford the proper therapy they need to help them. The detention centers are over crowed as well as the prisons. With this being said, this paper will provide the information needed to assist with at-risk adolescents behavior problems that are causing them to be labeled at such an early age. The Behavior Approach with at-risk teens Upon graduation from the University of West Alabama, The author plan to continue her education and obtain her doctorate degree in counseling. After she succeed in her educational endeavors and work in her field of studies to obtain skills and knowledge, she would like become an entrepreneur. She has always dreamed of being her own boss. She plans to open a group home for troubled female adolescents...
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...The ultimate goal of therapy is to remove any barriers within the range of the therapists’ education and skill, thus making the linchpin of recovery a split responsibility between the client and clinician. However, in order to assist a client in restoring purpose and meaning to their life; the clinician uses many strategies, approaches, and techniques to begin the process. Using an array of tools from different systems and models does not hinder but helps the process move forward in a successful direction. The model most likely to be used personally is the Reality Therapy model. Choice Theory is a personal favorite because it can assist a client or participant in living a happier, healthier, and constructive lifestyle in a short period of time. Within this model it is noted that most cases of misery or dysfunction are directly related to the unhappy relationships that individuals carry with other people. Because of this, it is important to learn how to give up the external locus of control and only controlling themselves. In return, this opens up several doors in different aspects of living a satisfying lifestyle triumphantly, giving treatment an opportunity to become a win-win situation. Personal Viewpoint The aforementioned personal viewpoint was formulated after researching different models in therapy. Reality therapy is a model that is client-centered and uses many similarities from other models to formulate its theory. For instance, “existential therapy expects the therapeutic...
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...Abstract This paper examines four published articles and one chapter in a textbook that reports results from research conducted in counseling sessions involving bullies, the bullied, and others affected by bullying. Reality Therapy (RT), Choice Theory (CT) and Bullying Prevention Programs (BPP) are examined to see their effect on clients becoming autonomous in directing their actions. School shootings have brought to light the effects of bullying and bullying seems to be occurring at epidemic proportions. Studies are needed on how to effectively counsel those involved in bullying so that they can reassess and learn methods to choose better actions to prevent bullying. This paper compares the research along with Glasser’s RT/CT to have counselors and clients examine their own struggles and how specific procedures can lead to changes in behavior. The process allows the clients to move in a direction of getting what they want while stepping away from the world of bullying. It also allows the counselor to teach clients how to make substantial connections with others and how to determine if better choices are possible. Keywords: bullying, RT/CT, BPP A School Counselor’s Approach to Combating Bullying Using the Choice Theory and Reality Therapy Katy Perry once said, “People talk about bullying, but you can be your own bully in some ways. You can be the person who is standing in the way of your success, and that was the case for me.” (Perry, n.d.). RT and CT used in conjunction...
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...Abnormal Psychology Shrek 2 (Donkey and King Harold) Diagnosis in the Multiaxial DSM System for Donkey Axis I – General Behavior Disorder Axis II – Histrionic Personality Disorder Axis III – Moderate to high hypertension Axis IV – Problems with primary support group (Shrek and Fiona being annoyed at the over talkative personality and need for attention). Problem related to social environment (afraid of losing his best friend Shrek). Axis V – GAF = 41 Histrionic personality disorder and borderline personality disorder are examples of disorders that this paper will discuss of two characters from the movie Shrek 2. The paper aims at highlighting the symptoms, as well as the treatment for the two disorders. Personality Disorders According to DSM’s categorization of disorders, Axis II disorders comprise personality and mental retardation disorders. Personality disorders are defined as those behaviors that tend to deviate from cultural and individual expectations. They are an enduring pattern in behaving that departs from what would be considered normal behaviors within the culture as well as to the individual. The quality of existence of a deviating behavior occurring for a sustained (enduring) period is usually the primary diagnostic criteria for a person suffering from a personality disorder. Histrionic Personality Disorders Histrionic personality disorders are defined by the DSM as a pervasive pattern of excessive emotionality and attention seeking...
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