...Reasons for Change HRM/310 January 13, 2014 Christine Healy Reasons for Change Lowes is one of several organizations well known as a home store which, draws customers that’s homeowners interested in do it yourself home projects or contractors. According to research Lowes has employed over 238,000 people, with the economy taking a turn for the worst Lowes was also affected. Which caused them to lay off over 1,700 employees in 2010. Many were in manager positions that had been with the company for years and was hired during a time when business was booming. Lowes decided by laying off full time higher paid employees that it would benefit the organization as a whole by replacing them with part time employees. Lowes intended on hiring 8,000 to 10,000 part time sales associates between the 1,725 stores statewide. These workers would be paid less due to their positions being entry level for instance sales associates that would be paid a lot less. Part time employees would not be entitled to any benefits such as: health insurance, 401k, retirement, and etc. Although, most Lowes would possibly lose one manager position the store would be given 4-8 part time workers to compensate for the loss. The manager that lost their jobs would be compensated by receiving severance pay and assistance with job placement. Those workers that wasn’t laid off witness how some employees received pay cuts depending on their position. One of Lowes competitor is Home Depot which was placed in and unfortunate...
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...to accept Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) benefits, an increase of 12 percent in the past year (USDA.gov/snap).” The greater number of recipients receiving these benefits the higher the demand is going to be for retailers. One of the most controversial topics that are discussed about this program is why the program continues to change instead of being given a specific set of guidelines and stick with it. The most common reason is the abuse some recipients are committing to the program which in return, causes things to become more difficult to qualify for. Some of the reasons for the constant changes include fraudulent activities, program exhaustion as a result of being overly used, along with the abuse. Fraudulent activities are usually when someone does not report a change in their living circumstance when a loved one passes away or a “undercover criminal” which is someone that commits crime but has not gotten caught yet, uses someone else’s identity and presents themselves to be the person they are representing, also known as identity theft. There is always room for variation so each of these reasons could change on a situational circumstance. Program exhaustion primarily comes from when the recipient stops using an...
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...Running head: TRACING THE NATURE OF SEMANTIC CHANGE Tracing the Nature of Semantic Change Shahrin Akter 1521358655 Department of English North South University Tracing the Nature of Semantic Change Introduction Language never stands still. All living languages are continually changing over the course of time due to social, cultural, environmental, historical and linguistic factors. Semantic change is one of the major phenomenon of language change. Basically, semantic change deals with the change of the original meaning of a word as well as the development of a new word which is reflected in the way the words are being used. This paper mainly puts an insight to the major causes of semantic change as well as trace the traditional classification made by various scholars. According to Varshney, “The main factors responsible for semantic change are vagueness in meaning, loss of motivation, polysemy, ambiguous contexts and the structure of the vocabulary”. (p. 284). Over the passage of time, people use words in a new context. Hence the meanings of the words are changing gradually, often to the point that the new meaning is radically different from the original usage. For instance, the word ‘awful’ originally meant ‘awe-inspiring, filling someone with deep awe’, as...
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...Over the last forty years there have been dramatic changes in the patterns of marriage and cohabitation. Marriage refers to the legal contract between individuals that creates kinship. Yet, cohabitation is when two people live together as a couple without being married. The patterns of marriage have transformed a lot over the past forty years. In 1972 480,000 couples got married; however since then the number of marriages in England and wales has declined with only 244,710 couples marrying in 2005. Similarly, the patterns of cohabitation have varied as in 1986 only 12% of women were in a cohabitating couple, and now around 2.2 million families are cohabitating couples both with and without children. These patterns have changed for several reasons such as expenses, less social expectations, job opportunities, higher rates of divorce and major changes to people’s attitudes towards marriage. Financial issues are a contributing factor as to why the rate of marriages is declining and why cohabitating is become even more popular. Initially, the average cost of a wedding is £25,000 which is often a drawback for couples deciding to marry, hence why there is an increase in couples cohabitating. However there are even more financial issues for married couples, if the couple decide to part it means the divorce will have to go through a legal system which is both time consuming and costly. Unlike a marriage, if a cohabitating couple choose to go their separate ways there aren’t any legal...
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...Top Ten Reasons People Resist Change: 1. THE RISK OF CHANGE IS SEEN AS GREATER THAN THE RISK OF STANDING STILL Making a change requires a kind of leap of faith: you decide to move in the direction of the unknown on the promise that something will be better for you. But you have no proof. Taking that leap of faith is risky, and people will only take active steps toward the unknown if they genuinely believe – and perhaps more importantly, feel – that the risks of standing still are greater than those of moving forward in a new direction. Making a change is all about managing risk. If you are making the case for change, be sure to set out in stark, truthful terms why you believe the risk situation favors change. Use numbers whenever you can, because we in the West pay attention to numbers. At the very least, they get our attention, and then when the rational mind is engaged, the emotional mind (which is typically most decisive) can begin to grapple with the prospect of change. But if you only sell your idea of change based on idealistic, unseen promises of reward, you won’t be nearly as effective in moving people to action. The power of the human fight-or-flight response can be activated to fight for change, but that begins with the perception of risk. 2. PEOPLE FEEL CONNECTED TO OTHER PEOPLE WHO ARE IDENTIFIED WITH THE OLD WAY We are a social species. We become and like to remains connected to those we know, those who have taught us, those with whom we are familiar – even at...
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...As the change from tobacco to sugar cane production began to take place, so did the change in slave labour. It is said that the Amerindians were unfit for harsh labour and were in turn decimated. The Europeans then had to rely on the convicts, bondservants and prisoners of war to exploit resources and spread agricultural systems. This proved to be futile as the men that were taken were from cities and towns back in Europe. Originally, slavery had taken place among the different tribes in Africa, but in 1518, a shipload of slaves was brought from the African Coast to the Caribbean. After Portugal had succeeded in establishing sugar plantations in northern Brazil in 1545, Portuguese merchants on the West Coast of Africa began to supply enslaved Africans to the sugar planters. There are said to be many reasons African slaves were brought to work on thee plantations. There are two theories that aim to either support or disregard these reasons; racism and economical factors. Firstly, the plantation owners were said to have been guaranteed a steady supply of African slaves as opposed to the uncertain flow of bondservants, convicts and prisoners of war from Europe. This was undoubtedly true. Only so many people were convicted or taken a prisoner. It was indeed a lot but not when compared to the amount of Africans that were carried to the Caribbean through the slave trade. The Europeans came to the realization that slavery was already present. From excerpts that were taken...
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...It has been proven that divorce rates have increased rapidly in the least 50 years or so. This can be seen from the actual number of divorces each year and from the increase in the divorce rate. Firstly, one reason for changes in the divorce rate since 1969 is the change in how divorce is perceived by society. For example, 50 years ago divorce was considered to be shameful and dishonourable as it was considered good for society if couples got married and stayed together. However, since then, although divorce is still a personal misfortune, it is no longer seen as a disgrace. The reason for this change is the shift in social norms and values and also the reinforcements of new laws and changes to existing ones. The major change has been the introduction of the Divorce Reform Act in 1969. This particular law allowed the termination of marriage and made the whole process become a lot easier. It also targeted two main areas of the old law that were abolished: the irretrievable breakdown of marriage and the evidence of adultery, separation and poor behaviour having to be provided. Another reason for the change in divorce is the changing opinions of women in society. This is because during the 1950s, women were expected to get married soon after they left school and start a family. If they didn’t meet these expectations, they would have been considered to have failed within society. Sue Sharpe conducted a study in both the 1970s and the 1990s to find what teenage girls aspirations...
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...Examine the reasons for changes in divorce rate since 1970 Since the 1960’s divorce rate began to increase dramatically but the biggest rise in divorce rate was in 1972 when it doubled and was 120,000. The divorce rate continued to rise and in 1993 reached its peak at 180,000. There has been explanations for the rise in divorce which are: secularisation, changes in law, divorce had become cheaper and also changing attitudes in society especially with women as they had begun to receive more rights. By the times divorce had become a lot more socially acceptable. In the 19th Century divorce was extremely difficult to obtain, more so for women. Eventually in 1923 grounds were equalised for men and women, but this was followed by a sharp rise in the number of divorce petitions from women. Again in 1972, the grounds widened to ‘irretrievable breakdown’ which made divorce easier to obtain and produced a doubling of the divorce rate overnight. The introduction of legal aid for divorce cases in 1949 lowered the cost of divorce. With each change in the law divorce rates have risen. The new right are against the introduction of new laws which make marriage easier as it breaks up the idea of a traditional family which they support. It lead to a trend in single parent households. There were many laws which helped divorce become a lot cheaper and easier to obtain, the most significant law put in place in examining the reasons for changes in divorce rate is the law which was passed in 1971...
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...Examine the reasons for changes in divorce rate since 1971. Divorce has been an increasing trend due to numerous reasons such as changes in attitude, changes in law and changes in the economic position of women. In 1941, the grounds for divorce were widened meaning that ‘irretrievable breakdown’ was allowed as grounds for divorce. Irretrievable breakdown means that a marriage stopped working, but there is no blame on the people within the marriage; the marriage simply broke down and the people within that marriage were no longer happy with each other. This lead to an increase in divorce because previously couples who did not love each other had no specific grounds for divorce, such as adultery, and this is why the divorce rate doubled in 1972. In 1993, divorce rates were at the highest they had ever been, peaking at 180,000. This may have been down to high expectations of what marriage would be like, and these expectations not being met. Functionalists such as Fletcher believe that over the last few centuries, and idea of ‘romantic love’ has become dominant; when the love dies, people see no reason to stay together. The obsession for finding ‘the one’ can be pursued after divorce. Another reason for divorce rate increasing is that the stigma that used to be attached to it is disappearing. People used to view divorce as shameful, the church condemned it and would refuse to marry people who had been divorced. However, divorce us now seen as bad luck for those involved rather...
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...Examine the reasons for the changes of divorce rates since 1969 In 1969 the idea of an ‘irretrievable breakdown’ was introduces meaning that divorce could be given on these grounds and without having to find blame. In 1971 this idea became law meaning that couples could divorce on the ground of ‘irretrievable breakdown’. As there was no need to find blame it became to easier to become divorced meaning more people who wanted to divorce who wanted to divorce before the law came into action but didn’t due to the long hassling process, were now divorcing increasing the divorce rates. Also during the time of 1971 and 1975 two new laws came into play making women more equal in society. Both the equal pay act and the sex discrimination act gave women more freedom and independence. As a result of these two new laws, a very sharp increase was witnessed in women filing for divorce as they had greater independence and financial stability as they were working and thus earning their own money as well being able to get help from the welfare state. As divorce rates increased the stigma attached to divorce decreased. Pre 1969 to be divorced was seen to be shameful and it was frowned upon. But as society advanced so did the thoughts of people. But today’s society is very influenced by the media and the media like to portray the idea of a ‘prince charming’ and ‘romantic love’ which people live their live by. So when marriages do not live up to expectations and standards set by the outside...
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...Assess the sociological reasons for the change in the social position of children and the consequences of these changes for the family and society (24 marks) The social position of children over time has greatly changed, this evident through the work Philippe Aries. During the Middle Ages (10th-13th Century) Aries (1960) argued that ‘the idea of childhood did not exist.’ He used works of art as evidence to show that children of that time appeared without ‘any of the characteristics of childhood; they have simply been depicted on a smaller scale.’ Children were in effect ‘mini-adults’ with the same rights, duties and skills as adults. They even dressed the same and carried out the same work. However from the 13th Century on Aries said ‘the notions of childhood were gradually emerging’ changes were beginning. Schools were specialising in purely education for children. There was a growing distinction between children’s and adults clothing. By the 18th Century, hand books were being made on rearing children, there was a sign of growing child centeredness of family life at least among the middle class. Then in the 18th-20th Century major changes happened. Laws were made restricting child labour and excluding children from work. This change was made in order to stop children from carrying out all types of labour but most importantly to stop intense or dangerous labour e.g. young boys working in mines and chimneys. Compulsory schooling was introduced 1880. The growth in industry...
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...Identify and explain 3 reasons for population changes in developing countries (9marks) Looking at population changes in the developing world, in a sociological way, means looking into demography, sociologist believe that It is important to study demographic trends such as, birth, fertility, infant mortality, death and migration, because they can produce ‘insights into why societies experience social changes’. The main population change in developing countries is its rapid growth. In 1999, the UN declared that the population of the world had reached 6 billion people, compared to only 2 billion people in 1925. Most of this increase has occurred in the developing world, with less developed regions of Africa, Asia, Latin America and the Caribbean taking up 99% of the world’s population increase, which are about 83 million people. Theories on this included Malthus, who argued that ‘populations increase in size at a much faster rate than the ability of those same populations to feed themselves’, he concludes with, that theses limits on food supply would lead to ‘natural checks’ on population such as famine and malnutrition, and maybe the possibility of the out break of war, because countries would fight over what little food there is left. Such checks limit population because there is an increased death rate. He also argued that we should attempt to avoid overpopulation, by delaying marriage and abstaining from sex. A biologist, who’s ideas where adopted from Malthus, Paul Ehrlich...
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...Asses the reasons for and the effects of changes in the family size over the past 100 years Over the past century or so there have been various changes to family size in UK due to many reasons. Geographical factors such as immigration and emigration has widely affected the family size in the UK. Statistics show that between 1994 and 2004 immigration rose from 314 to 582,000 annually. However there have also been many social factors involved in the increase of family size over the past century which will be examined below. One of the main reasons of changes in family size is ageism. The average life expectancy of a person has increased by about 2 years per decade as males born in 1900 in England were expected to live to about 50 whereas males born in England in 2003-2005 are expected to live to about 76.9 years old. The average age of the UK population is rising, in 1971 it stood at 34.1 but by 2007 it climbed to 42.6. This is end means that there are fewer young people and the elderly are living longer. Reasons such as medical and health improvements have contributed to the elderly now being able to live for longer. After the establishment of the NHS in 1949 there was a widespread of better health and nutrition, medical knowledge and better sanitation. Thomas McKeown argues that improved nutrition accounted up to half the reduction in death rates thus increasing family size as fewer deaths occurred. Also the decline in infant mortality has contributed towards the ageing population...
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...lower than the peak of 2.95 children per women during the 1960’s during ‘baby bloom’ this emphasises more women are remaining childless than in the past due to the changing role of a women and also women are postponing having children: the average age for giving birth is now 29.6 and fertility rates for women in their 30’s to 40’s are now on the increase, older women may be less fertile and fewer fertile years remaining and produce fewer children. Interlinking with the factor of changing roles of women, there were major changes back in the 2oth that gave women the right to have more opportunities in their life; legal equality with men -the right to vote, increased educational opportunities- it has now been shown that girls are doing better than boys. Women with stable and high paid jobs are more likely to have less committing relationships as they are less likely to settle down until their late 30’s and start a family later on in life decreasing birth rate. Changes in attitudes to family life and women’s role, women in the 21st century are free to have a day job, she doesn’t have to be a stay at home wife as the women becomes more active in her day life creating a dual earner relationship this factor may decrease family size because a couple may prefer the freedom that consist within their relationship instead of the responsibility, on the other hand couples who earn more can...
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...There are many reasons why people get divorced. Many laws have been introduced changing how easy it is to get divorced since 1923. In the past divorce was rare, costs were high and there was stigma surrounding getting divorced as it was often looked down upon. However in 2012 almost a fifth of couples went through a divorce and this is because of changes in the law. Before 1923 women didn't have the same rights as men to divorce. Women could only divorce their husband if they had evidence to show that their husband had mistreated them, committed adultery or left for over 2 years. However in 1923 this was abolished and women now had the same rights as men to divorce. This resulted in more divorce because women were allowed to file divorce on the same basis as men and therefore almost twice the amount of divorces were granted. In 1949 there was the introduction of legal aid. This meant that poorer people could receive help with paying lawyers if they wanted to go through a divorce. This meant that poorer people could get divorces, which also lead to higher divorce rates. In 1969 their was a rise of feminism. This effected divorce rates greatly as women began to feel empowered and confident in their abilities to stand up to men and make their own decisions for their overall happiness. More women started to file for divorce if they were unhappy rather than staying with their husband for the sake of their children or out of fear of how their husband will react. In 1970...
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