...Contents Definitions: 1 OECD Definition of Corporate Governance: 1 Financial Times Definition of Corporate Governance: 1 Cadbury Report Definition of Corporate Governance: 1 BusinessDictionary.com Definition of Corporate Governance: 1 Why is it important? 3 Why was it in the news recently? 3 Literature Review: 4 Agency Theory: 5 STAKEHOLDER THEORY 7 Stewardship theory: 10 Motivation: 10 Identification: 10 Policies: 10 Consequences: 11 Theory- Resource Dependence: 11 Principles: 12 Benefits of Corporate Governance: 13 Definition of 'Agency Problem': 14 Investopedia explains 'Agency Problem': 14 Agency Relationship and Agency Costs: 14 Conclusion: 23 Agency Problems Are Mitigated by Good Systems of Corporate Governance 23 Legal and Regulatory Requirements: 23 Compensation Plans: 24 Board of Directors: 24 Monitoring: 25 Takeovers: 25 Shareholder Pressure: 25 OECD Definition of Corporate Governance: "OECD defines corporate governance as follows: “Procedures and processes according to which an organisation is directed and controlled. The corporate governance structure specifies the distribution of rights and responsibilities among the different participants in the organisation – such as the board, managers, shareholders and other stakeholders – and lays down the rules and procedures for decision-making." Financial Times Definition of Corporate Governance: "How a company is managed in terms of the...
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...B: Short Notes | Question | Answer | 11(continued)1(continued) | Clause 49The term ‘Clause 49’ refers to clause number 49 of the Listing Agreement between a company and the Stock Exchanges on which it is listed. The Listing Agreement is identical for all Indian Stock Exchanges, including the NSE and BSE. This clause is a recent addition to the Listing Agreement and was inserted as late as 2000 consequent to the recommendations of the Kumar Mangalam Birla Committee on CG constituted by SEBI in 1999. Clause 49, when it was first added, was intended to introduce some basic CG practices in Indian companies and brought in a number of key changes in governance and disclosures (many of which we take for granted today). In late 2002, the SEBI constituted the Narayana Murthy Committee to “assess the adequacy of current corporate governance practices and to suggest improvements.” Based on the recommendations of this committee, SEBI issued a modified Clause 49 on October 29, 2004 (the ‘revised Clause 49’) which...
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...have attained two undergraduate degrees in European studies and law and a Masters degree in trade, corporate governance and European law; in highly recognisable UK universities. Currently I am undertaking a full time Masters degree in Business law in one of the best UK and world universities. I am an experienced researcher and I have worked on different research projects demanding law elements from UK and other jurisdictions. In addition I have more than a year's legal work experience providing the law firm's clients with high quality legal research documents. I have an eye for perfection. It will be a pleasure to work for you. Sample Do the UK Combined Code on Corporate Governance and the legislative framework regulating Listed PLC's in the UK effectively address the problems revealed by the corporate scandals of recent times? Introduction> In UK there are the sole trader, the partnerships, the companies and the joint venture, structure businesses. For the sole trader and the partnerships because the businesses are controlled by the owners and they work for the benefit of the owners, it has not been necessary to have increased measures for the protection of the owners benefit. In the companies though that it is a different legal entity, not related to the persons that initially established it, there is a need for human representatives that would manage the company in benefit for the shareholders and stakeholders. The management of the company is on the hands of the board...
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...BUS 341W Writing Assignment 11/14/13 Corporate Governance Introduction An increasing research shows that to maximize shareholder’s wealth has become the core of corporations; their attitudes and the way they adopt for how to return to the investors become another core question to protect their own interests. As a result, the key to make a corporation and even the entire market to prosperous is to protect the investors’ interest. Let’s imagine if the internal of a company only seeks its own profit and leaves their investors’ interests under a risk of being nibble. Is there anyone still willing to invest in this company? If every company does so, how does the stock market go to flourishing? Therefore, there should be more emphasis on corporate governance and let it plays an important role in regulating the corporations, rebuilding the confidence of stock market among investors and lead the stock market to go prosperous. In part I, I conclude the arguments of Robert Prentice and Lawrence Mitchell who are favor of more regulation and what their views are to the legislation and regulations, while in Part II I concludes the arguments of Roberta Romano and Stephen Bainbridge who think more regulations are of improper and “quackery”. Part III is about a more detailed examination for different regulations and arguments as I concluded in part I and part II. If certain regulations are well executed, it should not only benefit the corporations and their shareholders but...
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...Profile British American Tobacco Malaysia (BATM) has grown together with the nation from 1912 to 2012, into one that is involved in the full spectrum of the tobacco industry, with an unrivalled portfolio of highly successful international brands. The Company is now the market leader of the Malaysian cigarette industry, with approximately 63 percent market share, and ranks amongst the top 25 public listed companies on Bursa Malaysia Securities Berhad in terms of market capitalization (British American Tobacco (Malaysia) Berhad, 2013). The corporate governance of the BATM is set out in the BATM’s Code of Corporate Governance which has been established and enhanced based on the principles and best practices outlined in the Malaysian Code on Corporate Governance 2012 (MCCG 2012), Bursa Malaysia Main Market Listing Requirements (BMMMLR), Standards of Business Conduct of BATM and etc. By ensuring the highest standards of corporate governance, the Board believes that it able to strengthen the Company’s sustainability, effectiveness of...
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...Corporate Governance Issues- Pre and Post financial Crisis By Unnikrishnan. P -ID No. 4317257 Session: Spring Year: 2013 Word Count: 1768 “Corporate governance is concerned with holding the balance between economic and social goals and between individual and communal goals. The governance framework is there to encourage the efficient use of resources and equally to require accountability for the stewardship of those resources. The aim is to align as nearly as possible the interests of individuals, corporations and society.” (Sir Adrian Cadbury, UK, Commission Report: Corporate Governance 1992). The concept of Corporate Governance (CG) in this corporate world has gained extra importance after the recent global financial crisis. Trading in the world has history of centuries and so do the existence of companies & business. The structure of company, its practices, the roles of key personnel, organizational behaviour, performance & goals got a new outlook in recent past when the collapse of Big firms such as Worldcom, Enron, Lehman Brothers etc. were witnessed despite their long history in business or their top ranking...
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...Subject: Corporate Governance Istanbul Aydin Univeristy Modern Approaches in Management And Organization ISM503 Shahla Gafarova MBA Class Y1112.130010 Plan of Corporate Governance 1. Introduction………………………………………………..………………………………...........3 2. The UK Approach to Corporate Governance… …..………………………………………....4-7 3. Example topic of Corporate Governance: Starbucks….………………………………….. 8-11 4. Summary………………………………………………… ……….…………………………….12 5. References………………………………………………………………………………………..13 Introduction “Corporate Governance denotes direction and control of the affairs of a company and it is the relationship between the owners ,directors and managers.” Scope of CG - IT provides the structure for setting objectives and providing means to attain them. Main features of Corporate Governance - It is a set of system and processes which embraces organization structure. Ensures best interest of the stakeholders Denotes direction leadership explains relationship between directors , owners and managers. Attempts to put a check on working of an organization. Activity time - “Corporate Governance is explain the importance of Corporate Governance. Corporate governance specifies the distribution of rights And responsibililities among different participants in corporations. Corporate governance means a system by which corporate entities are under control and are directed Corporate governance attempts to put a check on the working of the organization. Corporate governance...
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...http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijbm.v10n1p204 Abstract As the corporative company type emerged, the two functions of ownership and management are separated. In the companies with a large number of employees the managers are the ones that manage the capital in the best interest of the shareholders. In this type of companies, conflict of interest may occur between the managers and the shareholders. Having more information about the work of the company, managers may use it in making decisions for their own benefit, which on the other hand cannot be as beneficial for the shareholders. Conflict of interest between managers and shareholders leads to so-called agency problem. There are different ways by which shareholders can control the operations of management. Some of the measures that can be used to resolve and prevent this problem are subject of analysis in this paper. Keywords: management, ownership, shareholders, conflict of interest, asymmetrical information, corporate governance 1. Introduction It has long been known that in the large companies the interest of the managers may be different from the shareholders profit maximization goal. In these companies mangers are appointed by the shareholders to make decisions and act within their interests. Lasher (2008) says that this kind of relationship creates a conflict of interest...
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...“Good corporate Governance as a vital constituent of Corporate Social Responsibility” with reference to Indian MNCs Type: Literature review Name of Research Scholar: Santosh Basavaraj, Research Scholar, Anna University of Technology, Coimbatore. Research Supervisor: Dr.B.Rajasekaran, Principal, RKKR School of Management Studies Ettimanickampatty, Coimbatore Road, SALEM – 637 504 Contact Number & Email ID:997209785,santosh_bs2001@yahoo.com Purpose: This research paper aims at gaining an insight into the concepts of Corporate Governance and CSR which enables this researcher to generate new ideas on concepts under study. The central purpose of this research paper is to determine how companies Corporate Social Responsibility practices blended in Corporate Governance and to study integration of CSR with CG which enable future researchers to study how companies are able to sustain its Competitive edge with good CSR activities by considering some good practices followed in industry and their critical evaluations in recent events. This research sets the foundation for future study and refers literature to develop a new hypothesis in the concept of CSR. An additional objective of this research paper is to review the Literature on Corporate governance and studying the Juxtaposition of CG and ethical issues for better corporate social responsibility. Design/methodology/approach This is an exploratory research design and it is used to seek insight in general nature...
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...them to assume greater societal responsibilities rather than mere ruthless pursuit of own profits. Many businesses today share the same viewpoint that making profit for profit’s sake no longer leads to sustainable performance, stakeholder management has become an increasingly important aspect of a business’ operation integrating traditional economic considerations with environmental and social concerns (Jones 2012). While doing well and doing good are no longer seen to be mutually exclusive, corporations practicing stakeholder management is highly debated to be sustainable to a large extent. With all the benefits that it brings, this approach however also has its fair share of limitations to be discussed later in this essay. Outlining the term ‘sustainability’ Sustainability is the capacity to endure. One of the best known general definitions about sustainable development was expressed as “meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs” (United Nations 1987). Increasing attempts at definition are also recognizing the needs interdependence between economic, environmental and social systems that thus considered them in an integrated way. Soyka (2012) put forward that sustainability encompasses three major elements namely economic propensity, environmental protection and social equity. Corporations have to make...
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...Two-Tier Corporate Governance Model for Pakistan Tasleem Faraz Minhas1, Saif Ullah2 1 Research Scholar, National University of Modern Languages, Lahore 2 Faculty members in Management sciences, National University of Modern Languages, Lahore Introduction As the business environment is continuously evolving so as the concept of corporate governance. The European Economic Community (EEC), General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) and World Trade Organization (WTO) regulations have also contributed to the rising awareness and are compelling us to think in terms of adhering to the good governance practices. Corporate governance, by the very nature of the concept, cannot be exactly defined. However, there can be no two opinions that “effective accountability to all shareholders is the essence of corporate governance.” It is the set of process, customs, policies, laws, and institutions affecting the way a corporation (or company) is directed, administered or controlled. “Corporate governance refers to the manner in which the affairs of a corporate body are or should be conducted in order to serve and protect the individual and collective interests of all stakeholders” (Butt 2008) According to OECD “Corporate Governance is the system by which business corporations are directed and controlled. The corporate governance structure specifies the distribution of rights and responsibilities among different participants in the corporation, such as...
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...Chapter 1: 1-2) Would the role of the financial manager be likely to increase or decrease in importance relative to other executives if the rate of inflation increased? Explain. During times of increasing inflation, the role of a financial manager is likely to increase mostly due to the broad areas of expertise a financial manager is capable of handling. Even in other areas of business such as management, marketing, accounting, information systems and economics, financial managers are able to provide guidance during times of inflation. Financial managers are well-equipped to manage the cash flow of an organization and may even be able to create forecast models that assist with identifying new opportunities to invest. 1-4) In general terms, how is value measured? What are the three factors that determine value? How does each factor affect value? According to our text, value is “the present, or current, value of the cash flows an asset is expected to generate in the future” (Besley p15). Generally, it is measured by three things: expected future cash flows, timing of cash flows and risk of receiving cash flows less than the expected amount. Each of these factors plays an important role in determining value and a swing in one factor can either cause a sharp drop in value or a dramatic increase. If the expected future cash flows increase, the value will also increase. However, if the valuing asset is very risky, its ending value may be less than the same asset with more certainty...
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...A History of Enron Enron is an energy company based in Houston, Texas that deals with the energy trade on an international and domestic basis. It was formed in 1985 when Houston Natural Gas merged with InterNorth. After several years of international and domestic expansion involving complicated deals and contracts, Enron was billions of dollars into debt. All of this debt was concealed from shareholders through partnerships with other companies, fraudulent accounting, and illegal loans. Enron was created by a merge between Houston Natural Gas and Internorth. Houston's Natural Gas's CEO Kenneth Lay headed the merger of the two companies. Kenneth Lay became the CEO of Enron. Enron was originally solely involved with the distribution and transmission of electricity and gas in the United States. In the merger, Enron incurred a large amount of debt, and as a result of deregulation, no longer had exclusive rights to its pipelines. The company had to find a way to generate profits and cash flow. Kenneth Lay hired Jeffrey Skilling to work for Enron as an accountant. Skilling suggested the practice of buying gas from a network of suppliers and selling it to consumers at a fixed price with a contract. Enron was interested in the expansion, building, and operation of pipelines, power plants, and other infrastructure worldwide. After just a year of operation Enron merged with a company called Spectrum Seven, a company whose chairman and CEO is the former president of the United States...
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...COMSATS Institute of Information Technology Vehari Department Of Management Sciences Report Title: Topics: Role of Media in improving corporate governance. Environmental concerns and corporate governance CSR of any organization Prepared for: Mr.Sohail Tahir Prepared by: Altaf-Hussain (FA11-MBA-004/VHR) M.Sajjad (FA11-MBA-011/VHR) The Media Role in Corporate Governance Improvement What is media? Communication channels through which news, entertainment, education, data, or promotional messages are disseminated Types of Media Print Media Electronic Media Importance of media Media is the most powerful tool of communication. It helps promoting the right things on right time. It gives a real exposure to the mass audience about what is right or wrong. Even though media is linked with spreading fake news like a fire, but on the safe side, it helps a lot to inform us about the realities as well. "The world is moving towards progress in every walk of life. But when we look towards societies, it feels as if some thing is still missing. Money, power, lust, etc., is the wish of every human being to attain. But we can't deny this fact that we all are bounded with loads of social problems, which are hard nuts to crack. Social issues are matters which directly or indirectly affect many or all members of a society and are considered to be problems, controversies related to moral values, or both. Social issues include poverty, violence, corruption, bribery, suppression...
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...10 REFLECTIVE JOURNAL “CARBON COMPLEX” BY JOSEPHINE CLARKE ARTICLE INFORMATION: CARBON COMPLEX Author: JOSEPHINE CLARKE Publisher: FINANCIAL REVIEW Date Published: April 2011 Volume 12 SUMMARY: Author Josephine Clarke’s article “Canbon Complex”, illustrated the management and approach to control, manage two of the Australia’s big steel manufacturers. The article relates to Onesteel’s CEO, Geoff Plummer and BlueScope Steel’s Paul O’Malley. It emphasizes how the different bosses with very different styles, and management approach bring the major step into the company’s evolution. Therefore, the writer has implicated the various measurements of Onesteel and BlueScope to ensure high standards of corporate governance apply within the organization. A framework of rules and practices by...
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