...hegemony (dominant power structure) Defining American Cool… “Cool figures are the successful rebels of American culture….to be cool is to have an original aesthetic approach or artistic vision—as an actor, musician, athlete, writer, activist….. that eithers becomes a permanent legacy or stands as a singular achievement Rebel is independent, goes against the grain, cool is the mainstream, yet you need to be “Edgy” un-mainstream to succeed. Live fast, die young Jazz is cool. It started as a marginalized expression that the dominant culture romanticized but once mainstream it lost lots of its coolness. “outsider as an insider” To define what is supremely “American” is to be a living contradiction. Cynicism is American Prude sexuality Ephemeral: catch it and it dies Talking shit is American Cause controversy is cool, but it is also cool to be above the controversy Cool is relative and ever changing. Satire is the new cool. Satire is a type of comedy, the use of irony, exaggeration, or ridicule to expose and critique people’s stupidity or vices. Food of all mixture and availabilities Will the Clash of Identities Consume Us? “The cult of identity is a selfish and brutal vision of the world that can lead to the most terrible crimes” National vs. ethnic vs. religious vs. global identity “Culture means diversity… there is no definite truth” Without diversity, people fall on likemindness which narrows the culture “We have to create conditions...
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...For other uses, see Rebel (disambiguation), Rebellion (disambiguation), and Revolution. "Insurrection" and "Uprising" redirect here. For other uses, see Insurrection (disambiguation) and Uprising (disambiguation). A generic symbol for an uprising Rebellion, uprising, or insurrection is a refusal of obedience or order.[1] It may, therefore, be seen as encompassing a range of behaviors aimed at destroying or taking over the position of an established authority such as a government, governor,president, political leader, financial institution, or person in charge. On the one hand the forms of behaviour can include non-violent methods such as the (overlapping but not quite identical) phenomena of civil disobedience, civil resistance andnonviolent resistance. On the other hand it may encompass violent campaigns. Those who participate in rebellions, especially if they are armed rebellions, are known as "rebels". Throughout history, many different groups that opposed their governments have been called rebels. Over 450 peasant revolts erupted in southwestern Francebetween 1590 and 1715.[2] In the United States, the term was used for theContinentals by the British in the Revolutionary War, and for the Confederacy by the Union in the American Civil War. Most armed rebellions have not been against authority in general, but rather have sought to establish a new government in their place. For example, the Boxer Rebellion sought to implement a stronger government in China in place of the...
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...CHAPTER ONE Abstract At the start of the year 2009, the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Liberia (TRC) sent out the released its final report. It was recorded that the root causes of the today reconciliation process in Liberia and the civil war that devastated Liberia between 1989 and 2003 were poverty, corruption, and inequality, Schmid E. (2010). Despite this diagnosis, the Commission’s legal analysis of past abuses was center around violations of economic, social, and cultural rights. Likewise, many transitional justice processes around the world sideline considerations of ESCR. This thesis, is based on The role of the students and youth community in the National Reconciliation Process of Liberia, A case study with the Liberian National Student Union. This thesis outlines why reconciliation is paramount at this time in the nation Liberia History and the factors involved. 1.0 Background to the study The Role of the Student and Youth in National Reconciliation and Peace building in Liberia. A case study report from IPI's Civil Society Project recounting the efforts of Youth and students actors especially Linsu and FLY, and student groups to foster peace, reconciliation, and democracy in Liberia show that the holding of democratic elections in July 1997 marked the end of Liberia's brutal seven-year civil war. The end of the war, it was thought, had settled Liberia's leadership question and it was hoped that cessation of hostilities would usher in...
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..."CHII"IURENGA II 1896 - 1897: A REVISIONIST STUDY THESIS Submitted in Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF ARTS of Rhodes University I by MARK PHILLIP MALCOLM HORN January 1986 The following typog~aphical co~~ections attention since submission of this thesis. have come to my p.i line 8, "Phillip" should ~ead Philip. p.vi, li.ne 11, "Risings" should ~ead Rising. p.Vll, line 12, "~esponce" should ~ead ~esponse. p.3, line 17, "wa~f-io~" should read warriors. p.5, line 4, "96" should read 1896. p .. 8, line 3, IILomangLlndi should read LomagLlndi. p.9, line 2, " (inve~ted comma) missing after "role". p.19, line 9, "triatises" should read treatises. p.28, line 18, "analysis" should ~ead analyses. p.30, line 10, "the and" should ~ead "and the". p.42, line 28, "Histo~ians" should ~ead Histo~ian's. p.47, line 13, "Lomangundi" should ~ead Lomagundi. p.48, line 12, ~ sign missing befo~e the figu~e of 121 000. p.52, line 5, 1. ~5ign missing before the figure of 3. p.55, line 1, ~ sign missing befo~e the figu~es 10 to 60. p.55, line 3, -£ sign missing befo~e the figu~e of 100. p.56, lines 7 - 10, quote to be indented. p.b2, li.ne 1tJ, "dela" should be separated out to read "de la". p.tI4, line 4, "assisthim" should be sepa~ated out to ~ead "assist him"~· p.b"?, line 11, "inte~nicine" should t-ead intet-necine. p.83, line 17, "Ma~ch 1895" should ~ead Ma~ch 1894. p.89, line 5, "faction" should ~ead fl~action. p.95, line 29, fn. 12, "lNA" should ~ead NAZ...
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...Americans and the French that helped the Americans win the war helped spread these revolutionary ideas to other people in France. This is important to the thesis because it shows one of the causes of the French Revolution, and the effects of The Enlightenement can...
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...Function of Punishment: * According to Durkheim the function of punishment is not to remove crime but to ‘heal the wounds done to collective sentiment’. * Without Punishment – collective sentiments would lose their force and strength * Crime and punishment are both inevitable and functional. Function of Punishment: * According to Durkheim the function of punishment is not to remove crime but to ‘heal the wounds done to collective sentiment’. * Without Punishment – collective sentiments would lose their force and strength * Crime and punishment are both inevitable and functional. Crime is Inevitable: * Durkheim argued that crime in an inevitable and normal aspect of social life. * Crime is present in all types of society; indeed the crime rate is higher in more advanced, industrialized countries. * It is inevitable because not every member of society can be equally committed to the collective sentiments (shared values and beliefs). Crime is Inevitable: * Durkheim argued that crime in an inevitable and normal aspect of social life. * Crime is present in all types of society; indeed the crime rate is higher in more advanced, industrialized countries. * It is inevitable because not every member of society can be equally committed to the collective sentiments (shared values and beliefs). Crime is Functional: * Durkheim argues that it only becomes dysfunctional when it is rate is unusually low or high. ...
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...Thesis When the government seizes the property of citizens through civil forfeiture, which occurs when officers take property from people suspected of crimes, they are in violation of these citizens’ 4th amendment right. Specifically, they are in violation of the 4th amendment clause against improper seizures. This paper will examine the background behind the Fourth Amendment, the history of civil forfeiture cases in the United States, three reasons against civil forfeiture, and focus on affirming Sourovelis’ argument in Sourovelis v. Philadelphia, a specific case regarding civil forfeiture in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Background Private property is a hallmark of the American tradition and Western culture. In fact, the Declaration of Independence almost read “Life, Liberty, and Private Property” instead of “Life, Liberty, and the Pursuit of Happiness” (Hamilton,...
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...A Comparison of Jane Eyre and Lin Daiyu in the View of Philosophy and Feminism I. Introduction 1.1 A Brief Introduction of Jane Eyre and Lin Daiyu “A Dream of Red Mansions” is one of the most outstanding works of China’s classic novels of realism. It bases on the background of Jia, Shi, Wang, Xue four families’ rising and falling, with the clue of the love tragedy of Jia Baoyu and Lin Daiyu. It truly and artistically reflects the historically declining trend of China’s feudal society. “A Dream of Red Mansions” can also be described as “Girls’ Country”, which is the anthem of female, but also is the threnody of women. The heroine Lin Daiyu, Annatto Fairy, wants to repay the goodness of God Shen Yin, taking her lifetime of tears in exchange for his being saved. Her rebellious sprit and solitary character, makes her as a lotus opening at a secluded place, clinging to her own pureness—for pure you came and pure shall go. She is sentimental and unfortunate, and is doomed to being lonely and pathetical .She, Lin Daiyu, lives under another’s house—Rong mansion, Grand View Garden, and she has no one to complain her sadness to. She is “Yea to the very end of heaven, Where I could find a fragrant grave!” in frustration, “What time the third moon comes, the scented nests have been already built. And on the beams the swallows perch, excessive spiritless and staid” in sorrow, and finally ends up with the sadness of “Flowers fade and maidens die; and of either naught any more is known”...
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...BABY THESIS It's the poster characteristic of the teenager years: adolescent rebellion. And it's one that causes many conflicts with parents. Two common types of rebellion are against socially fitting in (rebellion of non-conformity) and against adult authority (rebellion of non-compliance.) In both types, rebellion attracts adult attention by offending it. The young person proudly asserts individuality from what parents like or independence of what parents want and in each case succeeds in provoking their disapproval. This is why rebellion, which is simply behavior that deliberately opposes the ruling norms or powers that be, has been given a good name by adolescents and a bad one by adults. The reason why parents usually dislike adolescent rebellion is not only that it creates more resistance to their job of providing structure, guidance, and supervision, but because rebellion can lead to serious kinds of harm. Rebellion can cause young people to rebel against their own self-interests -- rejecting childhood interests, activities, and relationships that often support self-esteem. It can cause them to engage in self-defeating and self-destructive behavior - refusing to do school work or even physically hurting themselves. It can cause them to experiment with high-risk excitement - accepting dares that as a children they would have refused. It can cause them to reject safe rules and restraints - letting impulse overrule judgment to dangerous effect. And it...
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...SOUTH AFRICAN NATIONAL DEFENCE COLLEGE THABA TSHWANE THE CAUSES AND DYNAMICS OF CONFLICT IN CENTRAL AFRICA By Ms C. Auret November 2009 This research paper was written by a programme member attending the South African National Defence College in fulfilment of one of the requirements of the Executive National Security Programme 20/09. The paper is a scholastic document and this contains facts and opinions which the author alone considered appropriate and correct for subject. It does not necessarily reflect the opinion of any agency, including the South African Government or Department of Defence. This paper may not be released, quoted or copied except with the express permission of the Department of Defence. INDEX |HEADING |PAGE | | | | | | | |Abstract……………………………………………………………………………… |3 | |Introduction………………………………………………………………………….. |3 | |Historical Review of Conflict in Central Africa ……………………………...
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...http://whynationsfail.com/blog/2012/6/7/why-wasnt-charles-taylor-tried-for-the-crimes-he-committed-i.html ------------------------------------------------- Why wasn't Charles Taylor tried for the crimes he committed in Liberia? Daron Acemoglu and James Robinson The Special Court for Sierra Leone found the former Liberian President Charles Taylor guilty of “aiding and abetting” war crimes during Sierra Leone’s long civil war. Last week Charles Taylor was finally sentenced to 50 years in prison, which he will serve in the UK. There were atrocious crimes during the civil war in Sierra Leone (see our blog post here), and Charles Taylor did quite a bit more than “aiding and abetting” the Revolutionary United Front rebels under the leadership of Foday Sankoh; he armed Sankoh and organized the rebellion with the aim of taking control of, or at least destabilizing, Sierra Leone. There should be no doubt that he is guilty of war crimes in Sierra Leone. But here is the thing: Charles Taylor also committed war crimes in Liberia. He was a ruthless warlord. He not only used child soldiers extensively, but he encouraged them to commit atrocities, even against their own parents. He won an election in Liberia in 1997, but this was at best an election under the shadow of violence. Charles Taylor campaigned with the slogan: “he killed my ma, he killed my pa, but I will vote for him,” making a banner out of his atrocities, and carrying the implicit threat of further violence if he did not...
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...When American schoolchildren are educated about Europe between the years 1936 through 1975, they are taught about the aftereffects of World War I and about World War II. Europe, in high school history classes, ceases to exist after 1945 and the close of World War II unless, of course, one is learning about the Cold War and the Berlin Wall may be mentioned. They do not learn, however, that World War II era Spain—because Spain was neither an ally or a foe during the war—went through enormous conflict of its own. The three-year Spanish Civil War and the fascist dictatorship that followed are largely kept out of the American history books. Yet, the world is privy to much of its legacy through literature, art, film, and personal memory. Spain certainly remembers three hellish years of war and thirty six years of repression under Generalisimo Fransisco Franco, but how is General Franco remembered by the rest of the world? What legacy did he leave internationally? 2 It is a confused and varied one: to those closest to him he was a husband, father, and statesman; to Hitler, he was an obstacle on the road to world domination; to the Jews who fled from Hitler he was a hero; but to the many Spanish minorities and to his opponents in the Spanish Civil War he was a monster. 3 The answers to the questions posed are addressed in a variety of sources. One of these sources is the book Hitler Stopped by Franco, by Jane and Burt Boyar, who write a relatively straightforward book that explores many...
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...male- By 40 9% of females had a conviction against 32% of males- Males are more likely to be reoffenders | Pollak | Men have a protective attitude towards women and so the criminal justice system is more lenient with women | Carlen | When women are jailed, it is less for ‘the seriousness of their crimes and more according to the court’s assessment of them as wives, mothers and daughters’- Women are lead to conformity:Class Deal –women who work will be offered material rewards with a decent standard of living and leisure opportunitiesGender Deal – patriarchal ideology promises women material gain and emotional rewards from family life by conforming to a domestic gender role | Parsons | Gender roles in the traditional nuclear family cause crime boys are encouraged to be tough, aggressive and risk taking so are more likely to take advantage of criminal opportunities when they arise | Dobash and Dobash | Many violent attacks result from men’s dissatisfaction with their wives’ performance of domestic duties. Men also exercise financial control by denying women sufficient funds for leisure activities | Oakley | Sex – biological differencesGender – culturally constructed differencesInstrumental Role – performed in public sphereExpressive Role – Performed in private sphere | Adler |...
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...dissertation does not exceed the word limit of 80,000 words Fieldwork Thailand (money laundering); Indonesia and Burma (deforestation); New York (US money supply); Washington DC and Fort Worth, Texas (Organised Crime linked to terrorist funding); Australia (Sydney, (APG) and Canberra (money laundering, South Pacific); and Rome, Italy (Chinese organised crime). Contact Frank.Madsen@cantab.net Abstract Through an analysis of the presence and nature of international monetary flows of non-declared origin and their relation to deviant knowledge, the thesis determines that both terrorism and organised crime are nurtured by a constant trickle from minor sources rather than by large financial transfers; and that anti-money laundering provisions are misapplied, taken too far, too expensive, and incapable of demonstrating their effectiveness. In lieu of more traditional policy recommendations, the thesis develops a complexity-theory based...
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...to his teaching to better the understanding of his students. His purpose was to sharpen the almost subconscious responses to the musical aspects of dance to enhance performance. Rudolf von Laban http://www.dalcrozeusa.org/about-us/history was Later on, in 1928 she was interested in learning about ballet and studied with Ludmilla Speranzeva, Vera Mirova, Mark Turbyfill, and Ruth Page. Traditional European dance was the foundation of her dance exploration although her interest did evolve and change in the art. At twenty-two years old, Dunham started her own dance company. It was the first black modern dance company in North AmericaFOOTNOTE She studied anthropology and integrated studies of African dance into her research for her master’s thesis in college. She resided in the caribbean islands aforementioned for eighteen months(1934-35) to observe and learn the choreography. In her writings described dancers as being in low squatting positions and pressing knees against the knees of another dancer. A photograph of Dunham and two other dancers , shows the three posed in a position derived from the knee-to-knee style of the cultural dancers. She was able to popularize her very own recitals in New York and Chicago. She herself performed on Broadway, reforming her work to fit a bigger stage. In her dances, Trinidadian religious rituals and “plantation dances” were reproduced on stage using the Cakewalk, which was one of the first African American dances to become popular among white...
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