...these walls, similar to the colon, are also prone to health problems such as tumor growth which may result in cancer. What is rectal cancer? Rectal cancer refers to the condition wherein a person may develop an abnormal tumor growth in the linings of its rectal wall. It often affects the mucosa part of the rectal wall which...
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...Using your knowledge of word components, give the correct medical term for each of the definitions below. Definition Medical Term 1. rectal hernia Rectocele 2. excision of the stomach Gastrectomy 3. inflammation of the kidney Nephritis 4. enlargement of the liver Hepatomegaly 5. incision to remove a stone Lithotomy 6. fixation of the intestine Enteropexy 7. artificial opening in the colon Colostomy 8. incision into the abdomen Laparotomy 9. absence of one or both testes Anarchism 10. rupture of the uterus Hysterorrhexis 11. excision of the prostate gland Prostatectomy 12. visual examination of the vagina Colposcopy 13. surgical repair of a testicle Orchiopexy 14. discharge of milk Galactorrhea 15. difficult labour or delivery Dystocia 16. suture of the tongue Glossorrhaphy 17. surgical puncture of the abdomen Abdominocentesis 18. pus in the urine Pyuria 19. pertaining to above the kidney Suprarenal 20. narrowing of the urethra Urethral Stricture Question 2 Give the meaning of each of the abbreviations below. Abbreviation Medical Meaning 1. LUQ Left upper quadrant 2. GI Gastrointestinal 3. OGD Oesophago-gastro duedenoscopy 4. CVS Chorionic villus sampling 5. STD Sexually transmitted disease 6. IUD Intrauterine device 7. TURP Transurethral resection of the prostate 8. DRE Digital rectal exam 9. UTI Urinary Tract Infection 10. C&S Culture and sensitivity Question 3 Using your learning resources, give a brief definition...
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...appraising a piece of research work, we can draw a conclusion on whether the research undertaken is trustworthy and relevant or not. The application of the CASP checklist for randomized controlled trials as a framework will be important in the systematic and critical appraisal of any article. Therefore, I will evaluate the article ‘Evaluation of a Belly Board immobilization device for rectal cancer patients receiving pre-operative chemoradiation’ by Gaya et al. (2014). The appraisal will not only show the strengths, but also the weaknesses in several parts of the article. Title The title of the article for appraisal is ‘Evaluation of a Belly Board immobilization device for rectal cancer patients receiving pre-operative chemoradiation’. This article was written by Gaya et al... The article was published by the Cambridge University Press in volume 13 of the Journal of Radiotherapy in Practice, from pages 403 to 409. The title is self-explanatory, in that it has shown the purpose of the research, which is to evaluate a belly board immobilization device for patients who are suffering from rectal cancer and are receiving pre-operative chemoradiation. With such a title in place, there is specificity in place. However, the title failed to show the setting in which the research trial was done. The reader is left to imagine the area of study or to go ahead and read the whole research in order to identify the area. A Summary and Critical Appraisal of Research Purpose and Literature Review ...
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...Cancer, the word that everyone in the world is terrified of hearing but everyone has experience with. These days everyone has had a mom, dad, brother, sister, friend, or relative who has been diagnosed with some form of cancer. Some of us have been lucky enough to get to support our survivors while others are left with memories of those loved ones with whom they have lost. Prostate cancer is one of the most common forms of cancer that has led to the heartbreak of millions in the United States because they got the news that they or someone they knew had been diagnosed. Being the second most common form of cancer among men in the United States and the second leading cause of death, prostate cancer is a big topic of discussion (Sieve and Vonne, 2015)....
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...by the tumor or by non-tumor cells • Consist of hierarchy of clinical laboratory test from the least to the most informative & used in oncology Benefits • Screening for common cancers • Monitoring of cancer survivors after treatment • Diagnosis of specific tumor types particularly in brain tumors and instances where biopsy is not feasible • Determining the effectiveness of cancer treatment • Determining recurrent cancer Useful markers used to determine recurrent cancer • Prostate specific antigen ( PSA ) – prostate cancer • Human Chorionic gonadotrophin ( HCG ) for gestational trophoblastic tumors and some germ cell cancers • Alpha-feto protein – germ cell cancers • CA 125 – for epithelial ovarian cancer • Carcinoembryonic antigen ( CEA) for colon & rectal cancers • CA-15 – 3 – for breast cancer Two groups 1. Cancer specific markers 2. Tissue specific markers 1. Cancer specific markers • Related to the presence of cancerous tissues • Useful in follow-up of treated patients & progress of the disease • Examples are : CEA , CA 19-9 , CA 125 2. Tissue specific markers • Related to tissues which have developed cancers • May not be related to tumors & maybe elevated when no cancer is present • Examples are : PSA , beta-HCG , AFP, • AFP-L3 , thyroglobulin Specimen for detection • Blood • Urine • Fluids • Biopsy Reporting : ng/mL...
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...than 50% of the cancer patients as a tumor treatment [17]. There can be a few worries even after the treatment is successful, such as a relapse. The risk of secondary cancer caused by radiation exposure only adds to this. This complication of radiotherapy can result in a decrease of the overall survival following the treatment of primary cancer. One the impediment of radiation exposure is bystander effect. This can cause chromosomal damage and may result in carcinogenesis risk in distal cells and tissues. Studies have also shown that the bystander effect is more conspicuous in fractionated doses [19]. Several major cancers that could have a link with the radiation induced bystander effects including cancers of the lung, bronchus,...
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...smoking is the major single cause of cancer mortality (death) in most of the countries in the world. Tobacco use is responsible for nearly 1 in 5 deaths in the world. Because cigarette smoking and tobacco use are acquired behaviors − activities that people choose to do – smoking is the most preventable cause of death in our society. About half of all Americans who keep smoking will die because of the habit. Each year about 480,000 people in the United States die from illnesses related to tobacco use. Smoking cigarettes kills more Americans than alcohol, car accidents, suicide, AIDS, homicide, and illegal drugs combined. Cigarette smoking accounts for at least 30% of all cancer deaths. It’s linked with an increased risk of these cancers: * Lung - Lung cancer is the uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells that start off in one or both lungs; usually in the cells that line the air passages. The abnormal cells do not develop into healthy lung tissue; they divide rapidly and form tumors. * Larynx (voice box) - Cancer of the larynx, can also be called laryngeal cancer, can develop in any part of the larynx, but most begins in the glottis. The inner walls of the larynx are lined with cells called squamous cells. Almost all laryngeal cancers begin in these cells. * Oral cavity (mouth, tongue, and lips) – mouth cancer, tongue cancer or lips cancer * Nose and sinuses – sinus or nasal cavity cancer * Pharynx (throat) - Throat cancer refers to cancerous tumors that develop...
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...( 2015-2016 ) Entry 3 C&G Entry level Extended Award in Employability Skills Entry 3 Project 1 - Induction MACMILLAN Coffee Morning Unit 311: Working as part of a team Bintu-May Maria-Erene Jalloh UNIT 311: Working as part of a team 1.1 State what is meant by the term team 1.2 List different types of team 1.3 Give an example of a successful team 1.4 List different roles in a team 2.1 List the factors that make an effective team work 2.2 List the benefits of effective team work 3.1 Identify the task of the team 3.3 Identify own role in achieving the team task 3.4 Identify others roles in achieving the team task 3.5 List the support and resources needed to help work towards the team task 4.1 Follow the plan 4.2 Suggest an improvement to the plan Task 1 A team is a group of people coming together for a cause or a purpose to be achieved for example they are teams in voluntary, non profit and charitable organizations. Non profit sectors, teams can be made up of trustees/management committee members, staff, volunteers and service-users. Large organizations usually have a mix of teams undertaking different functions, in smaller organizations the small group of people may carry out these different activities. I can think of 7 types of teams that serves the overall purpose of different types of teams. 1. STRATEGIC TEAMS: Strategic...
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...be a powerful antioxidant. It makes up for more than 50% of all carotenes in the human body. Several studies suggest that its antioxidant strength is twice as powerful as that of beta-carotene and thrice as powerful as that of vitamin E. Lycopene capsules are usually prescribed for patients suffering from various types of heart and blood vessel conditions, human papilloma virus (HPV) infections, and even certain types of cancer. Recent studies suggest that lycopene could also be used to protect the skin from the harmful effects of the sun....
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...Functions of Reproductive System ❑ Procreate species ❑ Manufacture important hormones ❑ Pleasure Stages of Life ← Embryologically, males and females start out “sexually indifferent” ← Gonads, ducts and externally identical structures ← At 5 weeks gestation changes start to take place ← Puberty: reproductive organs grow to adult size and reproduction becomes possible ← Between 10 and 15 ← Influence of rising levels of gonadal hormones ← Testosterone in males ← Estrogen in females I. Male Reproductive System: Structure ← Scrotum ← Function: Protects the testes, epididymis, and spermatic cord ← Holds testes away from body ← Temperature: 1° below body temperature ← Lined with serous membrane that secrets fluid ← Testes move freely ← Penis ← Function ← Deliver sperms to female ← Urination ← Shaft ← Erectile tissues surround urethra ← Glans ← Cone-shaped structure on end of penis ← Prepuce (foreskin) ← Skin covering in uncircumcised males ← Epididymis ← Sits on top of each testis ← Receives spermatids from seminiferous tubules ← Spermatids become sperm cells ← Vas deferens ← Tube connected...
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...Frequency Medical Office: Occupation: Medication Allergies Drug Reaction Major Surgeries or Injuries (Include year if known) Other Hospitalizations (Include year) Have you been treated for any of the following? Yes No Yes No Yes Diabetes High Cholesterol High Blood Pressure Heart Disease Thyroid Disease Lung Disease Other (Explain) Does your mother, father, sister or brother have any of the following? Yes No Yes No Yes Diabetes High Cholesterol Alcohol/Drug Abuse Have you been sexually active in the past 6 months? No Do you use birth control? No Yes Method: When was your last tetanus shot? High Blood Pressure No Cancer Mental/Emotional Problems Heart attack before age 55 Breast, Colon or Prostate Cancer Yes If yes, how many partners? No Yes No If over 65, have you had a pneumovax vaccine? Have you ever smoked? No Yes Do you smoke or use smokeless tobacco? No Yes Do you use alcoholic beverages? No Yes If yes, how many drinks on an average per week (1 drink=1glass beer/wine or 1 shot hard liquor) 1 to 5 6 to 10 11 to 20 More than 20 Do you exercise regularly? If yes, what type? No Yes Do you use recreational or “street drugs”? No Yes 12803 6/09 HAP Administration/MPO PERSONAL HEALTH PROFILE Name: Kaiser Foundation Health Plan of the Northwest Kaiser Foundation Hospitals HR #: Personal Health Profile WOMEN ONLY: Have you gone through...
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...Colon Cancer Essay Kimberlee Mendoza COM/172 Spring 2012 University of Phoenix BSCJA/HS-004 By edgar casillas Chelito16_@hotmail.com (619) 358-3815 May 20th, 2012 Colon cancer is known to be one of the most common cancers in the western world. In the United States, colon cancer is the second cause of death from cancer only surpass by lung cancer. More women die of colon cancer than breast cancer. Although not many do pay attention to the risk factors and symptoms. One reason may be due to the false assumptions that the only way to get rid of colon cancer is to become a vegetarian. It is important to notify people about the symptoms, risk factors, and how hazardous colon cancer can be, but it is even more important to educate the people on how to maintain a healthy lifestyle. Cancer is a disease in which abnormal cells are separated without any control and are able to enter other tissues. There are over 100 different types of cancers and they are mostly named in the organ or type of cell where they initiate. For instance, cancer that starts in the colon is called "colon cancer". If the cancer is not treated or detected, it could lead to serious illness and even death. There are trillions of body cells in the human body. During the early stages of an individual’s life, the cells split rapidly, which lets an individual develop. Once a person is an adult, the cells only separate to patch-up injuries. When the cells start to separate without control, in a...
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...Health Promotion in Oral Cancer Health promotion may be defined as the process by which patients are given the power to gain control over their health thereby improving it. It also includes providing skills to patients to enable them to develop healthy habits and also improving their social and physical environments to support these habits (Sharma & Romas, 2012). Health promotion does not only focus on the disease but empowers the patient to improve his or her overall health. Therefore, health care in oral cancer is involved in creating a conducive environment for patients to improve their health. Oral cancer is a type of cancer that affects the inner parts of the mouth including the throat. It is mainly caused by smoking cigarettes and chewing smokeless tobacco. It mostly appears as painless sores and growth within the mouth including the lips, tongue, gums and inner cheek. It may be confused for ulcers or cold sores (Sharma & Romas, 2012). Oral cancer has a very high mortality rate i.e. patients affected only live for up to 5 years after infection. This may be due to the fact that cancer cells in the mouth are usually not detected until they are developed. Survival and treatment of oral cancer depends on early detection. If it is diagnosed in the early stages, an oral cancer patient is more likely to survive than persons affected by other cancers (Sharma & Romas, 2012). Health education with health promotion and the situation in Saudi Arabia Health education is any learning...
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...Definition of Cancer The Webster’s Dictionary defines cancer as an : uncontrolled, growing mass of cells that is capable of invading neighboring tissues and spreading via body fluids, especially the blood stream, to other parts of the body, also called a malignant tumor. Cancers Effect on Our Bodies Cancer is a disease that is caused by uncontrolled cell division leading to abnormal tissue growth. It is believed that cancer can arise from both genetic (e.g. DNA mutation and hereditarianism like breast or ovarian cancer) and environmental factors (e.g. working with and breathing in chemicals, benzene, asbestos, and not limiting one’s exposure to the sun, or eating a healthy diet, etc.), which can lead to abnormal growth of our bodies different cells. Cell multiplication otherwise known as proliferation, is a normal physical process that occurs in our bodies. These cells can be in charge of our immune systems response, replacing cells that have died or have been shed as a part of their lifecycle (e.g. such as our skin or mucous membranes in our digestive tract) and are responsible for allowing us to grow and age properly. Normally, the balance between proliferation and cell death otherwise known as apoptosis is a tightly regulated system that has been put in place to ensure the integrity of our body’s organs and tissues. The uncontrolled and often rapid proliferation of cells can lead to two different types of cancer, which are known as benign and malignant tumors. Benign...
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...15 Diseases Article Review In the respiratory system a disease that can occur is bronchitis. Bronchitis is swelling and irritation of the main air passages to the lungs. This swelling narrows the airways, making it harder to breathe and causing other symptoms, such as a cough. Acute bronchitis means the symptoms have only been present for a short time. Chronic bronchitis is a long term condition; to be diagnosed with chronic bronchitis, you must have a cough with mucus most days of the month for at least 3 months. Some symptoms of bronchitis are chest discomfort, fevers, fatigue, and shortness of breath. A chest x-ray may be needed if a health care provider detects pneumonia. The health care provider would listen to your lungs with a stethoscope listening for abnormal breathing. Most people do not need antibiotics because bronchitis should go away within a week if it is not severe. Drinking plenty of fluids, getting a lot of rest, and taking aspirin or Tylenol should help you with the bronchitis. In the nervous system a disease that can occur is Alzheimer’s. Alzheimer’s is the loss of brain function that will affect memory, thinking, and behavior. Symptoms of this disease have a lot to do with many areas of mental function like your emotional behavior or personality, perception, and language. There really is no cure for this disease unfortunately, but ways that could help people get through the disease is the try to manage all the symptoms, change your living environment...
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