...“Cystic Fibrosis” Pediatric Case Study March 27, 2013 Kasie Wilson The name cystic fibrosis refers to the characteristic scarring (fibrosis) and cyst formation within the pancreas, first recognized in the 1930s. Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a major cause of serious chronic lung disease in children. It is an inherited recessive trait, in which both parents carry a gene for the disease. Children with cystic fibrosis have a defect in chromosome number seven, which is thought to have developed many years ago as a protective response of the human body against cholera (just a theory). The disease causes thick, sticky mucus to build up in the lungs, digestive tract, and other areas of the body such as the pancreas, liver, and intestine. It also causes a loss of electrolytes in sweat because of an abnormal chloride movement. About one thousand new cases of cystic fibrosis are diagnosed each year and more than seventy percent of these patients are diagnosed by the age of two. Cystic fibrosis is considered a multisystem disease because of the following effects of the thick, viscid secretions. In the respiratory system, small and large airways are obstructed, which then results in difficulty breathing. The accumulation and stasis of the secretions create a medium of growth for organisms that will cause repeated respiratory infections. The thick secretions in the lungs and response of tissues to infections cause hypoxia that can lead to heart...
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...urine leakage when the woman coughs, sneezes, laughs, or moves in any way that puts pressure on the bladder. A cystocele is mild -- grade 1 -- when the bladder droops only a short way into the vagina. With a more severe -- grade 2 -- cystocele, the bladder sinks far enough to reach the opening of the vagina. The mostadvanced -- grade 3 -- cystocele occurs when the bladder bulges out through the opening of the vagina. A cystocele is a fallen bladder, which occurs when the wall between a woman’s bladder and her vagina is torn by childbirth, resulting in the bladder bulging or dropping towards the vagina. Cases range from mild to severe and treatment usually depends on the severity of the condition. A mild cystocele, which may be noticed by a physician or nurse, but hasn’t bothered the patient, doesn’t necessarily require treatment. However, in cases of moderate and severe prolapse, symptoms can be bothersome and can lead to women experiencing difficulties emptying their bladder, as well as feeling of pressure in the pelvis and vagina, especially when bearing down....
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...Objectives: * Recognize common and potentially life-threatening postpartum complications * Postpartum Hemorrhage * Postpartum Endometritis * Peripartum Cardiomyopathy * Postpartum Thyroiditis * Postpartum Depression * Direct the initial management of the ill postpartum patient * Know the appropriate threshold for consultation with specialist Postpartum Hemorrhage * Be defined as a blood loss exceeding 500ml after delivery of the infant * Excessive bleeding that makes the patient symptomatic (lightheaded, syncope) and/or results in signs of hypovolemia (hypotension, tachycardia, oliguria) * PPH: occurs in 24 hour of delivery * the late PPH: occurs after 24 hour of delivery to 6 weeks * Obstetrical emergency that can follow vaginal or cesarean delivery * Incidence – 3% of births * 3rd most common cause of maternal death in US Causes of Postpartum Hemorrhage Four Ts | Cause | Approximate Incidence (%) | Tone | Atonic uterus | 70 | Trauma | Lacerations, Hematomas, Inversion, Rupture | 20 | Tissue | Retained tissue, Invasive placenta | 10 | Thrombin | Coagulopathies | 1 | Risk Factors * Prolonged 3rd stage of labor * Fibroids, placenta previa * Previous PPH * Overdistended uterus * Episiotomy * Use of magnesium sulfate, preeclampsia * Induction or augmentation of labor Management * Secondary steps * Will...
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...ConvaTec Moldable Technology™ Skin Barriers Case Studies Proven safety and effectiveness for use with colostomies, ileostomies and urostomies1 ConvaTec Moldable Technology™ Skin Barriers and Your Practice Rationale for Using ConvaTec Moldable Technology™ Skin Barriers 1. Ease of teaching patients/transitioning to independence 2. Eliminates complications from incorrect flange sizing/preparation 3. Ease of teaching staff how to use product and care for patients 4. Positive change in nursing staff’s attitude due to ease of use/simplicity of application 5. Minimizes need for accessories (such as paste) 6. Works well in the presence of complications (ie, stomal prolapse) Actual Benefits for Practice Experience from the patient: 1. acilitates care - removes complexity of care, allowing F for some patient independence and confidence to occur sooner in post-op teaching period 2. inimizes concerns about peristomal/stomal M complications, particularly in the new ostomy patient. Skin barrier will evolve with the patient as stoma decreases in size over the initial post-operative period. Preparation of a Non-Moldable Skin Barrier 3. inimizes worry about transitioning patient to M home and varying levels of skill offered by home support services 4. imple to teach any patient, regardless of language S barriers or patient having poor hand/strength/dexterity 5. otentially minimizes amount of product needed to be stocked P Demonstrated...
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...Cystic fibrosis, also known as mucoviscidosis, is an autosomal recessive disorder.1,2,22 It is the most common inherited disease in the Caucasian population affecting 1 in 3000 children in Western Europe.3 It is a multiorgan disorder caused by mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein, which is located on the long arm of chromosome 7 and encodes for a special chloride ion channel.4,5 The vast majority of mutations involve three or fewer nucleotides and result in primarily amino acid substitutions, frameshifts, splice site, or nonsense mutations.11 Of more than 800 identified CFTR mutations, the 3 base pair deletion of phenylalanine at position 508 is found worldwide in 70% of cystic fibrosis sufferers, therefore making F508 CFTR the most common deadly mutant in the Caucasian populations.6 Since cystic fibrosis has a genetic origin the opportunity to treat by replacing the defective gene with a normal healthy gene (gene therapy) offers a ‘novel therapeutic approach’ for sufferers.7 The estimated survival age of cystic fibrosis sufferers is 33.4 years (Fig 1). In this essay we will discuss the aetiology and symptoms of cystic fibrosis and the current available treatments, with particular emphasis on gene therapy and furanones, which prevent the build up of bacterial biofilms and thus reduce lung infection. Mutations in the CF gene can disrupt CFTR function within epithelial cells in different ways, ranging from complete loss...
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...An Atlas of Surgical Anatomy An Atlas of Surgical Anatomy Surgical commentary by Alain C Masquelet, MD Illustrations by Léon Dorn © 2005 Taylor & Francis, an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group First published in the United Kingdom in 2005 by Taylor & Francis, an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN Tel.: +44 (0) 1235 828600 Fax.: +44 (0) 1235 829000 E-mail: info@dunitz.co.uk Website: http://www.dunitz.co.uk All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London W1P 0LP. Although every effort has been made to ensure that all owners of copyright material have been acknowledged in this publication, we would be glad to acknowledge in subsequent reprints or editions any omissions brought to our attention. Although every effort has been made to ensure that drug doses and other information are presented accurately in this publication, the ultimate responsibility rests with the prescribing physician. Neither the publishers nor the authors can be held responsible for errors or for any consequences arising...
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...‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 8 GYNECOLOGIC AND GYNECOLOGIC ONCOLOGY SERVICES: FLORIDA HOSPITAL AND WINNIE PALMER HOSPITAL ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 11 COMMUNITY WEEK AND SPECIALTY CLINICS‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐14 TIPS FOR A SUCCESSFUL OB/GYN ROTATION ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 15 LOGGING PATIENT ENCOUNTERS (THE PATIENT PASSPORT) ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 16 CLERKSHIP ATTENDANCE POLICY ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 19 CLERKSHIP OBJECTIVES ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 20 THE CASE PRESENTATION ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 22 ETHICS CASE WRITE‐UPGRADING POLICY ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 23 GRADING POLICY ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ 24 GRADING CRITERIA...
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...Clinical guidelines Diagnosis and treatment manual for curative programmes in hospitals and dispensaries guidance for prescribing 2010 EDITION © Médecins Sans Frontières – January 2010 All rights reserved for all countries. No reproduction, translation and adaptation may be done without the prior permission of the Copyright owner. ISBN 2-906498-81-5 Clinical guidelines Diagnosis and treatment manual Editorial Committee: I. Broek (MD), N. Harris (MD), M. Henkens (MD), H. Mekaoui (MD), P.P. Palma (MD), E. Szumilin (MD) and V. Grouzard (N, general editor) Contributors: P. Albajar (MD), S. Balkan (MD), P. Barel (MD), E. Baron (MD), M. Biot (MD), F. Boillot (S), L. Bonte (L), M.C. Bottineau (MD), M.E. Burny (N), M. Cereceda (MD), F. Charles (MD), M.J de Chazelles (MD), D. Chédorge (N), A.S. Coutin (MD), C. Danet (MD), B. Dehaye (S), K. Dilworth (MD), F. Fermon (N), B. Graz (MD), B. Guyard-Boileau (MD), G. Hanquet (MD), G. Harczi (N), M. van Herp (MD), C. Hook (MD), K. de Jong (P), S. Lagrange (MD), X. Lassalle (AA), D. Laureillard (MD), M. Lekkerkerker (MD), J. Maritoux (Ph), J. Menschik (MD), D. Mesia (MD), A. Minetti (MD), R. Murphy (MD), J. Pinel (Ph), J. Rigal (MD), M. de Smet (MD), S. Seyfert (MD), F. Varaine (MD), B. Vasset (MD) (S) Surgeon, (L) Laboratory technician, (MD) Medical Doctor, (N) Nurse, (AA) Anaesthetist-assistant, (Ph) Pharmacist, (P) Psychologist We would like to thank the following doctors for their invaluable help:...
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...In This GUIDE Welcome to Houston Methodist St. John Hospital ___________________________ 2 About Us_______________________________________ 3 Travel Directions____________________________ 4 Telephone Directory ______________________ 5 During Your Stay ________________________ 6-8 Visiting Hours__________________________________ 6 Parking_________________________________________ 6 Cell Phones_____________________________________ 6 Calling Your Nurse______________________________ 6 Telephone ______________________________________ 6 Fire Safety______________________________________ 6 Smoking________________________________________ 6 Electrical Appliances___________________________ 6 Mail and Flowers_______________________________ 6 Gift Shop________________________________________ 6 Spiritual Care___________________________________ 7 ATM_____________________________________________ 7 Patient Meals___________________________________ 7 Snacks__________________________________________ 7 Guest Trays_____________________________________ 7 Vending Machines_____________________________ 7 Cafeteria________________________________________ 7 Financial Expectations for Admissions________ 7 Wireless Internet Access_______________________ 7 Valuables_______________________________________ 8 TV_______________________________________________ 8 Television Channel Listings____________________ 8 Your Privacy & Information___________15 Do You Have Pain? ________________________16 ...
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...publisher. No patent liability is assumed with respect to the use of the information contained herein. Although every precaution has been taken in the preparation of this book, the publisher and author assume no responsibility for errors or omissions. Nor is any liability assumed for damages resulting from the use of the information contained herein. ISBN-13:978-0-7897-2706-9 ISBN-10: 0-7897-3706-x Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Rinehart, Wilda. NCLEX-PN exam cram / Wilda Rinehart, Diann Sloan, Clara Hurd. -- 2nd ed. p. cm. ISBN 978-0-7897-3706-9 (pbk. w/cd) 1. Practical nursing--Examinations, questions, etc. 2. Nursing--Examinations, questions, etc. 3. National Council Licensure Examination for Practical/Vocational Nurses--Study guides. I. Sloan, Diann. II. Hurd, Clara. III. Title. RT62.R55 2008 610.73'076--dc22 2008000133 Printed in the United States of America First Printing: February 2008 Trademarks All terms mentioned in this book that are known to be trademarks or service marks have been appropriately capitalized. Pearson Education cannot attest to the accuracy of this information. Use of a term in this book should not be regarded as affecting the validity of any trademark or service mark. Warning and Disclaimer Every effort has been made to make this book as complete and as accurate as possible, but no warranty or fitness is implied. The information provided is on an “as is” basis. The...
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...that is not an inherent natural constituent of the food itself, in an amount that poses a reasonable possibility of injury to health, or (2) a substance that is an inherent natural constituent of the food itself; is not the result of environmental, agricultural, industrial, or other contamination; and is present in an amount that ordinarily renders the food injurious to health. The first includes, for example, a toxin produced by a fungus that has contaminated a food, or a pathogenic bacterium or virus, if the amount present in the food may be injurious to health. An example of the second is the tetrodotoxin that occurs naturally in some organs of some types of pufferfish and that ordinarily will make the fish injurious to health. In either case, foods adulterated with these agents are prohibited from being introduced, or offered for introduction, into interstate commerce. Our scientific understanding of pathogenic microorganisms and their toxins is continually advancing....
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...NCSBN ON-LINE REVIEW 1.A client has been hospitalized after an automobile accident. A full leg cast was applied in the emergency room. reason for the nurse to elevate the casted leg is to A) Promote the client's comfort B) Reduce the drying time C) Decrease irritation to the skin D) Improve venous return The most important D: Improve venous return. Elevating the leg both improves venous return and reduces swelling. Client comfort will be improved as well. 2. The nurse is reviewing with a client how to collect a clean catch urine specimen. What is the appropriate sequence to teach the client? A) B) C) D) Clean the meatus, begin voiding, then catch urine stream Void a little, clean the meatus, then collect specimen Clean the meatus, then urinate into container Void continuously and catch some of the urine A: Clean the meatus, begin voiding, then catch urine stream. A clean catch urine is difficult to obtain and requires clear directions. Instructing the client to carefully clean the meatus, then void naturally with a steady stream prevents surface bacteria from contaminating the urine specimen. As starting and stopping flow can be difficult, once the client begins voiding it’s best to just slip the container into the stream. Other responses do not reflect correct technique 3. Following change-of-shift report on an orthopedic unit, which client should the nurse see first? A) B) C) D) 16 year-old who had an open reduction of a fractured wrist 10 hours ago 20 year-old...
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...How to go to your page This eBook set contains two volumes. The main content pages are contiguously numbered: use the Table of Contents to find those page numbers. The front matter pages and indices are labeled with the Volume number and page separated by a colon. For example, to go to page vi of Volume 1, type Vol1:vi in the “page #” box at the top of the screen and click “Go”. To go to page vi of Volume 2, type Vol2:vi in the "page #" box… and so forth. Encyclopedia of Human Body Systems This page intentionally left blank Encyclopedia of Human Body Systems VOLUME 1 Julie McDowell, Editor Copyright 2010 by ABC-CLIO, LLC All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, except for the inclusion of brief quotations in a review, without prior permission in writing from the publisher. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data McDowell, Julie. Encyclopedia of human body systems / Julie McDowell. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978–0–313–39175–0 (hard copy : alk. paper) 1. Human physiology—Encyclopedias. I. Title. QP11.M33 2011 612.003—dc22 2010021682 ISBN: 978–0–313–39175–0 EISBN: 978–0–313–39176–7 14 13 12 11 10 1 2 3 4 5 This book is also available on the World Wide Web as an eBook. Visit www.abc-clio.com for details. Greenwood An Imprint of ABC-CLIO, LLC ABC-CLIO, LLC...
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...Acquisitions Editor: Crystal Taylor Product Managers: Kelley A. Squazzo & Catherine A. Noonan Designer: Doug Smock Compositor: SPi Technologies First Edition © 2011 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, a Wolters Kluwer business. 351 West Camden Street Baltimore, MD 21201 Printed in China All rights reserved. This book is protected by copyright. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including as photocopies or scanned-in or other electronic copies, or utilized by any information storage and retrieval system without written permission from the copyright owner, except for brief quotations embodied in critical articles and reviews. Materials appearing in this book prepared by individuals as part of their official duties as U.S. government employees are not covered by the abovementioned copyright. To request permission, please contact Lippincott Williams & Wilkins at Two Commerce Square, 2001 Market street, Philadelphia, PA 19103 USA, via email at permissions@lww.com, or via website at lww.com (products and services). Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Lambert, Harold Wayne, 1972– Lippincott’s illustrated Q&A review of anatomy and embryology / H. Wayne Lambert, Lawrence E. Wineski ; with special contributions from Jeffery P. Hogg, Pat Abramson, Bruce Palmer. — 1st ed. p. ; cm. Includes index. ISBN 978-1-60547-315-4 1. Human anatomy—Examinations, questions, etc. I. Wineski, Lawrence E. II. Title. [DNLM: 1. Anatomy—Examination Questions...
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...Preface A well-developed knowledge of clinical microbiology is critical for the practicing physician in any medical field. Bacteria, viruses, and protozoans have no respect for the distinction between ophthalmology, pediatrics, trauma surgery, or geriatric medicine. As a physician you will be faced daily with the concepts of microbial disease and antimicrobial therapy. Microbiology is one of the few courses where much of the "minutia" is regularly used by the practicing physician. This book attempts to facilitate the learning of microbiology by presenting the information in a clear and entertaining manner brimming with memory aids. Our approach has been to: 4) Create a conceptual, organized approach to the organisms studied so the student relies less on memory and more on logical pathophysiology. The text has been updated to include current information on rapidly developing topics, such as HIV and AIDS (vaccine efforts and all the new anti-HIV medications), Ebola virus, Hantavirus, E. coli outbreaks, Mad Cow Disease, and brand-new antimicrobial antibiotics. The mnemonics and cartoons in this book do not intend disrespect for any particular patient population or racial or ethnic group but are solely presented as memory devices to assist in the learning of a complex and important medical subject. We welcome suggestions for future editions. 1) Write in a conversational style for rapid assimilation. 2) Include numerous figures serving as "visual memory tools" and summary charts...
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