...Manual Saliran Mesra Alam (MSMA) Pusat Penyelidikan Kejuruteraan Sungai dan Saliran Bandar (REDAC) Kampus Kejuruteraan, Universiti Sains Malaysia Seri Ampangan, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Pulau Pinang. Tel: 04-5941035 Fax: 04-5941036 ii Concept and Design Requirement of MSMA 1.0 Design Standard Urban Stormwater Management Manual for Malaysia (Manual Saliran Mesra Alam Malaysia, MSMA) 2.0 General Urbanization results in the growth and spread of impervious areas and a diversification of urban landuse practice with respects to the hydrologic and environmental terms. Landuse changes from rural to urban industrial areas cause local runoff impacts on receiving water flow, quality, and ecology. Apart from erosion and sedimentation problems associated with development, it has become increasingly apparent that stormwater runoff contributes to receiving waters a significant part of total loads of such pollutants as nutrients (including phosphorus and nitrogen), heavy metals, oil and grease, bacteria, etc. New, comprehensive, and integrated SWM strategies are now needed to be in line with the government’s drive to archive a sustainable developed nation status in the early 21st century. Such new strategies will incorporate interalia, runoff source control, management and delayed disposal on a catchment wide, proactive, and multi-functional basis. This should result in flood reduction, water quality improvement, and ecological enhancement in downstream receiving waters...
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...COLLAPSE HOW S O C I E T I E S CHOOSE TO FAIL OR S U C C E E D JARED DIAMOND VIK ING VIKING Published by the Penguin Group Penguin Group (USA) Inc., 375 Hudson Street, New York, New York 10014, U.S.A. Penguin Group (Canada), 10 Alcorn Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M4V 3B2 (a division of Pearson Penguin Canada Inc.) Penguin Books Ltd, 80 Strand, London WC2R ORL, England Penguin Ireland, 25 St. Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland (a division of Penguin Books Ltd) Penguin Books Australia Ltd, 250 Camberwell Road, Camberwell, Victoria 3124, Australia (a division of Pearson Australia Group Pty Ltd) Penguin Books India Pvt Ltd, 11 Community Centre, Panchsheel Park, New Delhi—110 017, India Penguin Group (NZ), Cnr Airborne and Rosedale Roads, Albany, Auckland 1310, New Zealand (a division of Pearson New Zealand Ltd) Penguin Books (South Africa) (Pty) Ltd, 24 Sturdee Avenue, Rosebank, Johannesburg 2196, South Africa Penguin Books Ltd, Registered Offices: 80 Strand, London WC2R ORL, England First published in 2005 by Viking Penguin, a member of Penguin Group (USA) Inc. 13579 10 8642 Copyright © Jared Diamond, 2005 All rights reserved Maps by Jeffrey L. Ward LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CATALOGING IN PUBLICATION DATA Diamond, Jared M. Collapse: how societies choose to fail or succeed/Jared Diamond. p. cm. Includes index. ISBN 0-670-03337-5 1. Social history—Case studies. 2. Social change—Case studies. 3. Environmental policy— Case studies. I. Title. HN13. D5 2005 304.2'8—dc22...
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