...system. The research included in this paper examines different approaches made by criminal justice professionals to help reduce the rates of recidivism. Recidivism refers to an offenders relapse to criminal activity, causing reentry to the criminal system. Millions of adults in the U.S. are currently in the criminal system, whether it be incarceration, parole or probation (Ph.D., 1998). The Bureau of Justice Statistics found in a study that 404,638 state prisoners from 30 states were released in 2005. Out of that number, 67.8 percent of these offenders were re-arrested within three years of their release and 76.6 percent were re-arrested within five years (Dickson, 2014). According to the U.S. Department of Justice (2009), at least ninety-five percent of state prisoners will be releases from prison and back into the community at some point (Schmidt, 2010). Majority of the prison population is a result of drug offenses and most offenders who make up the recidivism rate are drug users (Ph.D., 1998). Criminals who commit drug and sex related crimes, tend to be the most repeated offenders. With little resources and options, these released offenders will often times find themselves converting back to their old ways? State and local governments spend hundreds of millions of dollars every year on services and programs targeted towards reducing recidivism rates (Center, 2015). Often times the government does not have the necessary information to ensure what approaches and programs are effective...
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...There have been several empirical research materials providing evidence on the success of prison educational programs in reducing the return to prison rates. First and foremost, in Michigan, the Prisoner Education proponents have expressed the importance of educational programs for the ex-convicts while being incarcerated in reducing the rate of recidivism as documented by Brunton-Smith and Hopkins (2014). The primary goal of several prison education programs is to offer behavior correctional lessons while providing instructions that will help refine the convicts’ behavior to meet the behavioral norms of the general public. Skills are incorporated into the prison educational curriculum which is made up of basic skills of literacy and essential...
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...assumption does not refute that some criminals make their own personal choices to break the law but rather it argues that these personal choices are usually caused by certain factors which contribute to criminal behavior. Rehabilitation programs are therefore based on such perspectives where the various correctional programs are designed to deal with criminal enforcing behavior. For example counseling programs could focus on the behavior that led to the criminal offender committing the offense while educational programs could focus on how to change negative behavior to positive behavior. Correctional programs in prison facilities are therefore important in reducing the recurrence of criminal behavior as well as reducing recidivism among probationers and parolees. In general, rehabilitation programs have been effective in reducing recidivism among prison convicts since they are mostly focused on treating the criminal causing behavior of prisoners by eliminating completely the factors or...
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...The Colorado Department of Corrections Sex Offender Treatment and Monitoring Program (SOTMP), was developed to reduce recidivism rates of sex offenders, as well as re-enter sex offenders back into the community. The program has been in place for over ten years (D'Orazio, D. M., Thornton, D., & Beech, A. R., 2013). As described by Beech et al. the program is meant to be a “relapse prevention oriented cognitive-behavioral treatment program”, (Beech et al., 2013). This means that the program is meant to reduce relapse among sex offenders by adopting the program to the specific needs of that particular offender. The STOMP program uses therapeutic treatments as one of the forms to help sex offenders from reoffending. There are several problems...
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...Yet gaps exist in regards to juvenile offender recidivism rates. One study by Barrett , Katsiyannis,& Zhang suggests that efforts at rehabilitation offer only a negligible effect on recidivism," whereas another demonstrates that JAP, through the use of specific sanctions, actually lowers recidivism (Hazen, 2012). There has been a recent shift in focus in the research regarding restorative justice and juvenile recidivism. A study by Hipple, Gruenwald & McGarrell question whether or not variations in in family-group conference, restorativeness, procedural justice, and defiance elements affect variations in juvenile reoffending. To address this question the researchers collected two sets of data from IJRJE, a diversionary program for first-time offenders meeting certain eligibility criteria within the Marion Superior Court, Juvenile Division. The first set of data consisted of information gathered on a subsample 215 youths whose FGCs were selected for observation by a trained member of a research team and the second set of data was based on juvenile histories of offending. Bouffard and Bergseth also conducted two different studies, 2007& 2012, to question what types of services succeed in juvenile recidivism reduction. The results from these studies indicate that programs that use a restorative justice...
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...Recidivism Critical Response Essay for MKT611-91: Business Research Analysis In partial fulfillment of the requirements For the MBA By Edward Lenzy October 12, 2011 Introduction This proposal will describe the problem of an increase in recidivism among juvenile offenders in Stark County Family Court (SCFC). This chapter includes the purpose of the project, the setting and history of the problem, and the back round and the evidence of the problem of recidivism. Finally it will discuss the importance of the project, definition of terms and conclude with a summary. Purpose of Proposal The purpose of this proposal is to find ways to reduce recidivism among juveniles within the Stark County Family Court. The goal is to identify possible solutions to decrease juvenile recidivism and to determine if mental health issues are a factor that should be considered. Statement of the Problem The purpose of this project is to determine the factors involved with the increase of recidivism in juvenile offenders in the Intake Department of the Stark County Family Court. Setting and History of the Problem Stark County Family Court was established in 1970, located in Canton, Ohio. In Stark County, the Juvenile Court is placed under the jurisdiction of the Domestic Relations Division of the Court of Common Pleas. The purpose of SCFC is to provide the opportunity to have a fair and...
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...Do Prisons Work? Can Individuals be Reformed or Rehabilitated through Incarceration and Treatment Programs. Critically examine the Current Treatment Programs offered and Subsequent Impact on Recidivism upon Individuals being released globally and WA specifically. This study will examine the effectiveness of current prison treatment programs in Australia, New Zealand, South East Asia, United States of America in rehabilitating or reforming an individual and coinciding recidivism rates upon a prisoners release. Prison based treatment programs for sex offenders in Western Australia, New South Wales and New Zealand are examined and recidivism rates compared. Treatment programs for offenders with drug and alcohol issues and the various strategies within the criminal justice system such as diversion, education and drug court programs are examined and differences explained. Rehabilitation programs such as education, life skills, employment and cognitive behavioural treatment are explained and research discussed. Conclusions will be drawn outlining programs with the highest level of recidivism both in Western Australia and globally. The “nothing works” mantra (Martinson) 1974, is seen to be refuted and treatment is seen to be successful when it is matched to the criminogenic needs of the offender (MacKenzie, 2006). Future recommendations are made in regards to the need for correctional staff to assess each offender as an individual with different needs, and to therefore...
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...molesting by educating children on the facts of molestation, actions of adolescent sexual offenders, what they should do if faced with an actual molestation situation, and the importance of background checks while also exploring approaches aimed at reducing recidivism rates from the clinical, justice, community protection, and community reintegration model, by combining preventative action, and recidivism reduction to solve the issue of sexual offending , specifically Child molestation. The offenders targeted within this category of sexual offenders are child molesters. Child molesters can be defined as individuals who have a greater sexual interest in children, and sexual activities with children (Canter & Kirby, 1995). Child molesters are offenders who target children, and engage in sexual activity with them. The first measure of prevention and possibly the most important is educating children on the facts of molestation, including molestation by adults, molestation by youth, what children can do in the actual situation if faced with molestation. Studies have been conducted on child molesters that emphasize profiling and determining recidivism rates based upon prior convictions (Canter & Kirby, 1995). Profiling and recidivism rates are helpful after an offender is caught, but to actually stop child molesters the emphasis needs to be preventing the act from...
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...Debbi Kutner Reducing Recidivism in today’s Society Final Project: Persuasive Research Paper Reducing Recidivism in today’s Society Education and job skills are key elements to reducing recidivism therefore; prisons, county jails, and the probation offices should adopt mandatory programs so ex-offenders can become productive members of society. Every year approximately 9 million people are released from prison in the U.S. (Center, T. N.-e., 2012) and due to lack of education and job skills, 52% of those 9 million returns within three years. According to Yamatani & Spjeldnes (2011), “The United States represents only 5 percent of the world’s population, but we hold 25 percent of the world's inmates in our prisons and jails (Pew Center on the States, 2008). We have more people behind bars in total numbers and per capita than any other industrialized country--2.3 million out of nearly 300 million (750 per 100,000 residents)--one out of 100 U.S.” This essay will show the difference between recidivism and rehabilitation as well as showing how education and job training can effectively reduce the rate of recidivism in the U.S. What is recidivism you ask? The Merriam-Webster defines recidivism as a tendency to relapse into a previous condition or mode of behavior (Merriam-Webster Dictionary, 2012). Recidivism comes into play because people who have limited education and no job skills...
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...Microsoft | What Are the Options? | A Study of Recidivism among our Youth | | | December 4, 2012 | | Abstract In this paper I will be going over the study of our neighborhoods impact on criminals primarily focusing on the reentry rate. Also known as Recidivism When exploring such, there are key issues we must pay close attention to, and that’s the group that’s impacted the most- young black males. Secondly we must review the recidivism rate and how they play a role on the neighborhoods where prisoners return. Third we will determine whether race plays a role in certain areas where the recidivism rates are increasing. Lastly we will discuss several implications that could possibly reduce these rates. Introduction: A criminal career is a sequence of offenses during a period of an individual’s life. This repetitive criminal behavior is called recidivism, and indicates the proportion that becomes involved in criminal behavior, at what age criminal behaviors begins, how long the criminal career lasts and the number of offenses typically committed during the course of the career (Farrington, 1992) Also defined as an estimate of the percentage of released prisoner who commit another offense. There are three different measures of recidivism according to the Bureau of Justice Statistics. These are rearrests, reconviction, and reincarceration. Rearrests is described as any arrest that was reported to state identification bureau after release from a correctional...
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...Rehabilitation Name Institution’s name Introduction Recidivism is a term derived from the Latin word recidivus which means recurring, as well as the term recido meaning to fall back. This term is essentially used to illustrate an individual who has repeated an undesirable behavior after which they have already been treated, trained to stop the behavior or have already suffered the repercussions of that behavior. (Rainer, 2013) Furthermore, it is used in the field of criminal justice describing inmates who have been released, then rearrested or reconvicted. There are four correctional models that have been implemented to help reduce cases of recidivism. They include: * Medical treatment model which refers to medical intervention prescribed medication aiming at reducing recidivism by reducing biological, biological impulses that led to a particular crime. * Rehabilitation model which is based on assumptions that criminal activity or behavior is caused by some factors. * Community model is whereby released inmates are kept under parole in their society whereby they do community service. * Retribution as a form of correction that focuses on evaluating the weight of the crime and it considers punishment proportional to the crime committed. * Justice model limits itself in the administration of punishment appropriate to severity of the crime committed and leads to imprisonment. Rehabilitation This is any measure taken with an aim of changing the offender’s...
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...crimes, going to jail and returning to communities with little or no chance to get a job is a part of the problem. The foregone mindset that prisons were just for punishment has past. Focus now is on rehabilitation for offenders “so they can lead productive lives and contribute to their communities” (Zoukis, 2017, para. 2). Recidivism impacts communities in various ways such as; social impact of communities, family impact of parents incarcerated, and fiscal impacts of costs of incarceration...
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...camps began operation in the adult correctional systems of Georgia and Oklahoma in 1983. The Boot camp Prisons are designed as alternatives to the normal incarceration. Boot camps prison were created to reduce recidivism rates, as well as prison populations and operating costs. The goal to reducing recidivism by changing inmate’s problem behaviors that likely contributed to their odds of reoffending. The idea is that behavior modification can occur through...
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...Introduction Adult literacy and high school completion are two of the major current issue within the state of Alabama that directly affects incarcerated individuals. The National Adult Assessment Literacy (NAAL) is one of the main assessments of adult literacy within households and the U.S prison system (2007). The survey defines literacy as “using printed and unwritten information to function in society, to achieve one’s goal, and to develop knowledge and potential. (NAAL, (2007). “Without acquiring proper literacy skills and the basic skills from a high school diploma or graduation equivalency diploma (GED), an adult may not find or establish good employment opportunities nor defeat the stigma of poverty. Adult literacy and high school completion programs are in high demand not only in the state of Alabama but throughout the U.S especially within the state prisons. The NAAL (1994) reported that 75% of all prison inmates are deficient in various literacy and basic skills on the 12th grade level. In a subsequent report of the survey 10 years later, the NAAL reported only a small significant increase in literacy levels (NAAL, 2007). Adult education program are an integral part of the rehabilitation process in inmate sentencing. Adult education programs provide a prisoner with the means to seek an education and learn skills that he or she may not have learned before being incarcerated. Programs of the importance in many facilities include GED, literacy/ basic skills programs...
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...Rehabilitation Name Institution’s name Introduction Recidivism is a term derived from the Latin word recidivus which means recurring, as well as the term recido meaning to fall back. This term is essentially used to illustrate an individual who has repeated an undesirable behavior after which they have already been treated, trained to stop the behavior or have already suffered the repercussions of that behavior. (Rainer, 2013) Furthermore, it is used in the field of criminal justice describing inmates who have been released, then rearrested or reconvicted. There are four correctional models that have been implemented to help reduce cases of recidivism. They include: Medical treatment model which refers to medical intervention prescribed medication aiming at reducing recidivism by reducing biological, biological impulses that led to a particular crime. Rehabilitation model which is based on assumptions that criminal activity or behavior is caused by some factors. Community model is whereby released inmates are kept under parole in their society whereby they do community service. Retribution as a form of correction that focuses on evaluating the weight of the crime and it considers punishment proportional to the crime committed. Justice model limits itself in the administration of punishment appropriate to severity of the crime committed and leads to imprisonment. Rehabilitation This is any measure taken with an aim of changing the offender’s...
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