...Karl Heinrich Marx Submitted to: Mr. Felipe Submitted by: Eugenio, Marquiel Ivan M. II-2BSBA Philosophy BIOGRAPHY Karl Heinrich Marx was one of nine children born to Heinrich and Henrietta Marx in Trier, Prussia. His father was a successful lawyer who revered Kant and Voltaire, and was a passionate activist for Prussian reform. Although both parents were Jewish with rabbinical ancestry, Karl’s father converted to Christianity in 1816 at the age of 35. This was likely a professional concession in response to an 1815 law banning Jews from high society. He was baptized a Lutheran, rather than a Catholic, which was the predominant faith in Trier, because he “equated Protestantism with intellectual freedom.” When he was 6, Karl was baptized along with the other children, but his mother waited until 1825, after her father died. Marx was an average student. He was educated at home until he was 12 and spent five years, from 1830 to 1835, at the Jesuit high school in Trier, at that time known as the Friedrich-Wilhelm Gymnasium. The school’s principal, a friend of Marx’s father, was a liberal and a Kantian and was respected by the people of Rhineland but suspect to authorities. The school was under surveillance and was raided in 1832. Education In October of 1835, Marx began studying at the University of Bonn. It had a lively and rebellious culture, and Marx enthusiastically took part in student life. In his two semesters there, he was imprisoned for drunkenness and disturbing...
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...Compare and Contrast the Philosophies of John Locke, Thomas Hobbes, and Karl Marx In the idea of human nature; origin of state, the nature of government, the rights of regulation can be drawn as the reflection of insightful philosophies of John Locke, Thomas Hobbes and Karl Marx. By understanding this within the context of human nature, we can see their ideas play to how they perceive a modern philosophy. Karl Marx's Communist Manifesto illustrates the desire to build "a society without economic classes". John Locke's Political Theory claims the establishment of natural rights which will assist protest against unjust rulers. Thomas Hobbes's most famous publication, the "Leviathan" defines a government which unifies the collective will of many individual and unites them under the authority of sovereign power. Although the three philosophers desire the same result through their theories, its practices and use have indicated that there are difference and similarities both present. All are saying that there should be absolute government, but their areas of specialization are different. Karl Marx and Thomas Hobbes both agreed on the theory of collectivism over individualism. Marx is more quantitative and calculative in his reasoning, while Hobbes's theories are based on natural laws. The contradiction between Marx's and Hobbes's concepts of material wealth is that "Modern society view men to compete with each other for material goods and that is just. Humans do not live in isolation...
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...“Explore the ideas of Karl Marx, discussing his theories and views toward capitalism. Discuss how these matters compare to modern day economic conditions, and consider the ethical and sustainability matters that are raised for today's managers.” Karl Marx; an economist, sociologist, revolutionary and historian, whose theories continue to influence economic thought for managers today. Karl Heinrich Marx (May 5,1818 – March 14, 1883) put forth many theories with regards to economics, politics and society that established the base on which Marxism was formed. His critique of the philosophies of other theorists and critical analysis of capitalism has influenced economic perception, and contributed largely toward the current understanding of capital and labour and the relationship that exists. In Karl Marx’s criticism of capitalism, he discussed many social matters such as ‘alienation’, the dominance by the ‘bourgeoisie’ over the ‘proletariat’; issues with regard to labour, such as the de-skilling and dehumanisation of workers as technological advances came about and capitalists strived to maximise ‘surplus value’ through the ‘exploitation’ of human labour. Although times have changed and this type of work environment is not as common, it is still an ever present situation in places such as China and India where cheap labour is employed to maximise the return for those in ‘control’. Advancements in technology continue, to the extent where the duties of workers can be performed...
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... Era/ Years | Proponent | Contribution | 1798 - 1857 | Comte, Auguste | August Comte is known as the founder of positivism and is credited with coininging the term sociology. Comte helped shape and expand the field of sociology and placed a great deal of emphasis in his work on systematic observation and social order. | 1818 – 1883 | Marx, Karl | Karl Marx is one of the most famous figures in the founding of sociology. He is known for his theory of historical materialism, which focuses on the way social order, like class structure and hierarchy, emerges out of the economic system of a society. He theorized this relationship as a dialectic between thebase and superstructure of society. Some of his notable works, like "The Manifesto of the Communist Party," were co-written with Friedrich Engels. Much of his theory is contained in the series of volumes titledCapital. Marx has been described as one of the most influential figures in human history, and in a 1999 BBC poll was voted the "thinker of the millennium" by people from around the world. | 1858 - 1917 | Durkheim, Émile | Social Fact, AnomieEmile Durkheim is knows as the "father of sociology" and is a founding figure in the field of sociology. He is credited with making sociology a science. One of his most famous pieces of work includes Suicide: A Study In Sociology, and another important work of his that focuses on how society functions and regulates itself is The Division of Labor in Society. | 1863 - 1931 |...
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...Lec. 4 The State: Power, Authority, and Sovereignty Concepts from the Lectures and Readings: Power Authority Sovereignty Weber’s Typology of Authority Concepts from Readings: See Lec. 3 concepts Lec. 5 Political Ideologies: Liberalism Concepts from the Lecture Ideology Left vs. Right ideologies John Locke/ Two Treatises of Government J.S. Mill/ On Liberty Tenets of Liberalism Welfare Liberalism vs. Libertarianism Concepts from Readings The Republic State of nature Tyranny of the majority Harm Principle ‘Politics as a Vocation’ Equality Rights Lec. 6 Republicanism, Conservatism and Socialism Concepts from the Lecture Republicanism Roman ‘Res publica’ Jean Jacques Rousseau Edmund Burke / Reflections on...
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...The momentous Western developments of the early nineteenth century were industrialization, urbanization, and increased economic and political interaction worldwide-matured quickly during the latter half of the century. The industrial Revolution in England spread throughout Europe and to the United States. Because of this dramatic expansion, the third quarter of the nineteenth century is often referred to as the second Industrial Revolution. While the first Industrial Revolution centered on textiles, steam, and iron, the second was associated with steel, electricity, chemicals and oil. The discoveries in these fields were the foundation for the development in plastics, machinery, building construction, and auto motive manufacturing. These finding help paved the way for later development in the invention of the radio, electric light bulb, telephone, and electric streetcar- still seen in modern day California. The most significant invent during industrialization was urbanization. Western cities grew dramatically during the later part of the nineteenth century; mainly do to migration from rural regions. The widely available work opportunities in the cities, especially in the factories, were also a major factor in this migration. An increasing emphasis on science was another characteristic of this period. Advances in the industrial technology reinforced the enlightenment’s footing on rationalism. The connection to science and progress advancing seemed obvious to many, both...
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...present day workmanship developments of twentieth century, affecting real patterns, for example, Bauhaus and the De Stijl developments. Its impact spread generally all through, with real effects upon structural engineering, modern and visual communication, style, fil, move, theater and to some degree music. The term Construction Art was initially utilized as a deriding term by Kazimir Malevich to portray Alexander Rodchenko's work in 1917. Constructivism initially showed up as a positive term in Naum Gabo's Realistic Manifesto of 1920. Alexei Gan utilized the saying as the title of his book Constructivism, which was printed in 1922. Constructivism was post- World War 1 improvement of Russian Futurism, and especially of the 'corner counter reliefs' of Vladimir Tatlin, which had been displayed in 1915. The term itself would be designed by the stone carvers Antoine Pevsner and Naum Gabo, who added to a modern, precise style of work, while its geometric reflection owed something to the Suprematism of Kasimir Malevich. IZO, the commissariat's creative agency, was overseen amid the Russian Civil War mostly by Futurists, who distributed the diary Art of the Commune. Constructivism in Moscow was spoken to by VKHUTEMAS, which was the school for craftsmanship and outline created in 1919. Gabo later expressed that educating at the school underscored political and ideological discourse instead of craftsmanship making. Regardless of this, Gabo himself planned a radio transmitter in 1920...
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...Stolypin’s reforms failed and the Tsar’s Imperial government did not learn the lessons of the 1905 Revolution by Professor Peter Waldron. University of Sunderland new perspective. Volume 6. Number 3. March 2001 Summary: The Tsarist government received a severe jolt from the 1905 Revolution and, in order to relieve discontent, soon instituted reforms, including the creation of an elected Duma. From 1906 Stolypin proposed fundamental reforms, especially of the agricultural system, which would ensure that the population had no reason to rebel. But his programme was not implemented, partly because the Duma was an inefficient instrument for the passage of government legislation, and partly because the regime, now that law and order had been restablished, had not the will to overcome opposition from the nobility and the Church. Reform, not revolution, seemed the problem. As a result, the regime failed to learn the lessons of 1905 and collapsed in 1917. Questions to consider How far-reaching were the reforms prompted by the disturbances of 1905? How did Stolypin intend to stabilise the Tsarist regime? Why did Stolypin’s reform strategy fail? Why may he have been assassinated by enemies on the Right? In what ways did the failure of reforms after 1905 pave the way for the revolution of 1917? During 1905, Imperial Russia was beset by revolution. Across the empire, peasants rose in rebellion so that troops had to be called to put down more than 3,000 separate instances of rural...
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...essay intends to explicitly compare Karl Marx and Emile David Durkheim ideas on religion from a sociological and functionalist perspective. Functionalists’ belief that religion is beneficial for both the community and its members e.g. it unifies the society which in turn gives each individual member a source of support when they need it. It will begin with their brief historical backgrounds, definition of religion as well as their similarities and differences in studying it. Karl Marx Marx was born in Prussia on May 5, 1818. He began exploring sociopolitical theories at university among the Young Hegelians. He became a journalist, and his socialist writings would get him expelled from Germany and France. In 1848, he published The Communist Manifesto with Friedrich Engels and was exiled to London, where he wrote the first volume of Das Kapital and lived the remainder of his life (Engels, 1869). Marx is considered as one of the founders of economic history and sociology. Emile Durkheim According to Jones (1986) “David Emile Durkheim was born in France, on April 15, 1857 and raised in a Jewish family with his father as a rabbi. Emile was, thus destined for the rabbinate, and a part of his early education was spent in a rabbinical school” (p.12). Durkheim is considered the father of modern sociology and well known for his work on Division of Labour in 1912. Definition of Religion Both Marx and Durkheim have rather contrasting definitions of what religion is with the former describing...
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...“ENDO” (Isa sa MGA SALITA NG TAON 2014 na pinili SA SAWIKAAN) nina John Kelvin R. Briones(Nagtapos ng Bachelor in Secondary Education, major in English sa Bulacan State University (BulSU); kasalukuyang nagtuturo at koordineytor ng Filipino sa Iluminada Roxas-Mendoza Memorial High School, sa Bocaue, Bulacan; part-time English instructor sa BulSU; kumukuha ng Master sa Sining ng Araling Filipino sa De La Salle University-Manila bilang isang iskolar; nagwagi ng Ikatlong Gantimpala sa Gawad KWF sa Sanaysay 2014.) at David Michael M. San Juan(Associate professor sa Departamento ng Filipino ng DLSU-Manila; nagtapos ng Bachelor in Secondary Education, major in Filipino sa BulSU (magna cum laude), Master of Arts in Teaching Filipino sa Philippine Normal University, at PhD in Southeast Asian Studies sa Centro Escolar University; may yunit din sa MA in International Studies, major in European Studies sa DLSU-Manila; board member ng Pambansang Samahan sa Linggwistika at Literaturang Filipino (PSLLF); convenor ng Alyansa ng Mga Tagapagtanggol ng Wikang Filipino (TANGGOL WIKA); at public information officer ng Alliance of Concerned Teachers-Private Schools (ACT-Private).) Post-Kumperensyang Introduksyon Tapos na ang Sawikaan 2014. “Selfie” ang itinanghal na pangunahing Salita ng Taon. Pangalawa naman ang “endo.” Pangatlo ang “Filipinas.” Kasama rin sa mga Salita ng Taon 2014 ang mga sumusunod: “PDAF, hashtag, riding in tandem, whistleblower, pagpag, CCTV, imba, bossing, peg, storm...
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...essay intends to explicitly compare Karl Marx and Emile David Durkheim ideas on religion from a sociological and functionalist perspective. Functionalists’ belief that religion is beneficial for both the community and its members e.g. it unifies the society which in turn gives each individual member a source of support when they need it. It will begin with their brief historical backgrounds, definition of religion as well as their similarities and differences in studying it. Karl Marx Marx was born in Prussia on May 5, 1818. He began exploring sociopolitical theories at university among the Young Hegelians. He became a journalist, and his socialist writings would get him expelled from Germany and France. In 1848, he published The Communist Manifesto with Friedrich Engels and was exiled to London, where he wrote the first volume of Das Kapital and lived the remainder of his life (Engels, 1869). Marx is considered as one of the founders of economic history and sociology. Emile Durkheim According to Jones (1986) “David Emile Durkheim was born in France, on April 15, 1857 and raised in a Jewish family with his father as a rabbi. Emile was, thus destined for the rabbinate, and a part of his early education was spent in a rabbinical school” (p.12). Durkheim is considered the father of modern sociology and well known for his work on Division of Labour in 1912. Definition of Religion Both Marx and Durkheim have rather contrasting...
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...Thesis Capitalism has been the subject of ethical criticism since it was first introduced into society. I defend the morality of capitalism because it gives people incentive to work, establishes a web of trust between them, satisfies their material well-being, and generates a wide spectrum of prosperity. Exposition As citizens of the United States, we are members of the leading capitalist economy in the world. Our production and distribution is mostly done privately and we operate in a “profit” or “market” system. The capitalist system has been a target for criticism throughout the last three hundred years and is being discussed now more than ever due to the recent recession and financial crisis (Shaw and Barry n.d., 1). Its effects, structure, varieties, and possibilities provide for a large field of study and writers from several different disciplines have provided their input to the debate. Most fundamental is the question of whether our capitalist system is a morally justifiable one. This question can’t be answered by reviewing the efficiency and productivity capitalism provides, but instead requires a thorough analysis of ethics. A capitalist society is characterized by the private ownership of property and a free market that grants citizens the right to use their resources for their own benefit. Private property is the ownership of productive resources like companies, stocks, and bonds and should not be confused with personal property. Personal property consists...
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...State theory Marxists argue that the state serves the dominant classes in society. The state is "the executive committee of the bourgeoisie". In capitalist society the state rules primarily in the interest of the capitalist class. For example the state takes as its top priority increasing economic (i.e., business) activity, when it is clear that this is now accompanied by a falling quality of life and by environmental destruction. The state's most important characteristic is that is has the power to coerce members of society; e.g., to jail, fine or execute, and to make war. Marx claimed that the state will cease to exist when society becomes classless. He seems to have meant that the coercive apparatus, e.g., police and army, will not be necessary because these function primarily to enforce rules which benefit the dominant classes, but there will still be a need for bureaucracy to look after organisation and planning. Although Marx and Engels never put forward a unified presentation of the theory of the state, their conception of the state is a fundamental aspect of their outlook, and of what has since come to be called Marxism. In fact, theories of the state constitute critical facets of all totalitarian credos, not just the Marxian. After all, a given ideology may be overwhelmingly totalitarian in underlying logic, but if it lacks a focus on using the state as the means of transforming society—that is, of imposing its ideas—its totalitarianism will remain implicit....
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...COLLEGE OF MANAGEMENT AND SOCIAL SCIENCES DEPARTMENT OF ECONOMICS DISCUSS THE VARIOUS ECONOMIC GROWTH THEORIES AND DEVELOPMENT THEORIES HOW CAN SUCH THEORIES BE USED IN ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN NIGERIA. COURSE TITLE THEORY OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT COURSE CODE;ECO 2911 INTRODUCTION According to Dennis Goulet in The Cruel Choice, “it matters little how much information we possess about development if we have not grasped its inner meaning”. Development is not purely an economic phenomenon. In an ultimate sense, it must encompass more than the material and financial sides of people’s lives, to expand human freedom. Every nation strives after development. Development and growth should therefore be perceived as a multidimensional process involving the reorganization and reorientation of the entire economic and social systems. The sources of economic progress can be traced to a variety of factors, but by and large, investments that improve the quality of existing physical and human resources, increase the quantity of these same productive resources, and raise the productivity of all or specific resources through invention , innovation and technological progress have been and will continue to be primary factors in stimulating economic growth in any society. ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT THEORIES Definition of economic development It can be defined as the increase in the standard of living of a nation's population with sustained growth from a simple, low-income economy...
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...AP EUROPEAN HISTORY NOTES- Filled with silliness and inside jokes, enjoy at your leisure :) If something is in [] brackets, it is only written in there for our pleasure, ignore it if you are looking for actual information. Key: • 7: The Renaissance and Reformation- 1350-1600 UMSUniversal o Georgio Vasari- Rinascita=rebirth (like Renaissance) painter/architect Male Suffrage o Individualism: People sought to receive personal credit for achievements, unlike medieval ideal of “all glory goes to god” Names Ideas o Renaissance: Began in Italian city-states, a cause de invention of the printing press, laid way for Protestant Reformation Events Books/Texts Italy: City states, under HRE (Holy Roman Empire) o For alliances: old nobility vs. wealthy merchants FIGHT P-Prussia Popolo: third class, “the people”, wanted own share of wealth/power R-Russia A-Austria Ciompi Revolts: 1378 Florence, Popolo were revolting [eew], brief period of control over government B-Britain Milan taken over by signor (which is a tyrant) • o Under control of the Condottiero (mercenary) Sforza- Significant because after this, a few wealthy families dominated Venice (e.g. Medici) Humanism: Francesco Petrarch (Sonnets), came up with term “Dark Ages”, began to study classical world of rhetoric and literature Cicero: Important Roman, provided account of collapse of Roman Republic [like Edward Gibbon], invented Ciceronian style: Latin style of writing...
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