...I love the topic of Memory. It is because I cannot memorize many things. In the past, I failed in Chinese History and History every time. The reason why I failed those subjects was not I had not done any revision but I cannot memorized them. No matter how many times I revise the histories, I would forget them when I revise another period of histories. Those years, I have tried many different methods to overcome the problem. I think visual imagery is rather effective than others. Visual imagery is represent ‘visualize words’. This mean using images to repave the word when you are memorizing something. People may ask ‘histories are already image-like, so how to visualize histories?’. It is still hard for me to memorize history stories by just depend on books. However, I found that it is better for me to remember some after watching the movies about the histories. Therefore, I will suggest that as to practice visual imagery method more effectively, moving images together with related sounds are essential. These items can help us memorize things more easily (from my experience). I think it is also one of the reason why some psychologist would say that instrumental music can help memorize. Several effective encoding methods are mentioned in the lecture. Apart from visual imagery, elaboration is also a good method. This method is the most useful method in learning Mathematics for girls. Most girl are not talented in Mathematics, at least I am one of them. It is impossible for...
Words: 331 - Pages: 2
...20 Self-Reflection As they are intervening in complex human systems, capacity-development practitioners need to be flexible, adaptable and willing to learn from what they do. An important source of learning in real time is the processes and results of monitoring and evaluation (M&E). Bruce Britton explains M&E activities as they are commonly pursued and explores creative ways in which practitioners can use them for personal learning and selfreflection. He also provides suggestions on how this can be done under non-conducive organizational conditions. Monitoring and Evaluation for Personal Learning Bruce Britton By three methods we may learn wisdom: first, by reflection, which is noblest; second, by imitation, which is easiest; and third by experience, which is the bitterest. (Confucius) Introduction Capacity development practitioners collaborate in efforts to improve the capabilities of complex human systems that operate and connect at different levels. First and foremost, capacity development is a process based on the assumption that better understanding and knowledge will bring about change. Also, the planning for capacity development interventions typically rely on variations of the Logical Framework Approach (LFA), which encourage careful thinking about expected outcomes and impacts. By its very nature LFA assumes that intended results of an initiative can be established in advance because the path that a capacity development process will take can be adequately...
Words: 6167 - Pages: 25
...Critically discuss the importance of reflection in the practice of management Student ID:20583416 Course: The reflective manager (MD4046) Lecturer: Dr. Elias Hadjielias Fall 2012 Assignment no. 1 Table of Contents Introduction Page 1.1 General Introduction to Reflection 3 1.2 Objectives and Purpose of the essay 3 Main Body 1.3-1.6 Review of Literature 3-4 1.7 Personal opinion of the writer 4 1.8 A practical example of Reflection in a certain case 4 1.9 Recommendations from the writer 5 Conclusion 2.0 Summary pg.3 5 2.1 References ...
Words: 1730 - Pages: 7
...4. peer group 5. family tree Answer: c Page: 150 Difficulty: Medium AACSB: Analytic Skills 3. A child growing up in the United States is exposed to all of the following values EXCEPT ________. 1. achievement and success 2. activity 3. efficiency and practicality 4. the importance of the group in daily life 5. freedom Answer: d Page: 150 Difficulty: Medium AACSB: Reflective Thinking 4. Which of the following would be the best illustration of a subculture? 1. A religion 2. A group of close friends 3. Your university 4. A fraternity or sorority 5. Your occupation Answer: a Page: 150 Difficulty: Hard 5. Based on information provided in the text, which of the following trends has lead to increased household consumption? 1. Growing female economic power 2. Higher growth in low-income households 3. Widening wealth disparity 4. Falling male college enrollment 5. The fall of the mass affluent Answer: a Page: 152 Difficulty: Medium AACSB: Reflective Thinking 6. ________ is defined as being relatively homogeneous and enduring divisions in a society, which are hierarchically ordered and whose members share...
Words: 7371 - Pages: 30
...using the medium of a novel (text and language’s role (both as a signifier and signified) to per petuate Bechdel’s story and reveal plot of her dad’s motive motive for killing himself Fun House Explore the medium of a comic Fact that she wrote everything herself, does this relate to self realization, etc. Notes from Youtube Video: Words don’t illustrate pictures… writing in a drawing program. Can say that my hypothesis for her motives, including the literature was this… but actually only she (as the author) can know Role of Literature in Alison’s coming out… Handwriting all the poems, what does this have to do with memory, and can she fully replicate her father’s signature? Daedalus mytch and Ulysseus…starts out book with it Passage 1: Page 140: Because of her obsessive-compulsive spell she started a diary… But, because of the questioning of memory, the words “I think” popped in her comments. Page 141: How did I know that the things I was writing were absolutely, objectively true? She’s doubting what she writes down to be true… Specfic kind of text: the kind that’s in the boxes, speech bubbles bring you back into the moment, Square ones are superimpositions, narratively offering her own interpretation Two different times: reflecting back she’s interpreting the events as a crisis The “curvy circumflex as a symbol” helps her get closer to the truth, what actually is happening but leads to more indecision on her part Relates to Phaedrus, moves from her decision...
Words: 1976 - Pages: 8
...Reflective Essay Before I returned to school, after taking an almost 15 year hiatus, I had been told by several people that psychology was boring. I found the opposite to be quite true. Quite a few questions that I have had over the past decade were answered as well as ones that I never realized I wanted to learn the answers to. I learned a lot of new things and I thoroughly enjoyed it. While discussing ‘Biology of Mind’, I found that the brain structure had me on the edge of my seat. While I enjoy learning how and why things work the way they do, I feel that the brain caught my attention. A few weeks prior to the spring semester beginning, my uncle had a severe brain injury due to a tree falling on him. After I was told about his new behavior, I was at an advantage as to understand why there was such a drastic change. I was able to understand that his limbic system was affected. He was very aggressive and angry toward the staff at the hospital which was caused from the damage to his amygdala. He also displayed damage to each brain hemisphere, some symptoms were more severe than others. The damage to his frontal lobe caused him to try to leave the hospital every chance he could, not able to resist the urge to stay. Within approximately two weeks after the accident he struggled to recognize family and friends caused from damage to his occipital lobe. He also suffered from short-term memory loss which is an effect of damage to his parietal lobe....
Words: 1829 - Pages: 8
...PSY 200/203 Study Guide for Final Exam Chapter 1 - Scientific method A. Psychology has four basic goals regarding behavior and mental processes 1. Describe 2. Explain 3. Predict 4. Control B. Scientific method - set of assumptions, attitudes, and procedures that guide researchers in investigations 1. Events are lawful (follow consistent patterns) 2. Events are explainable 3. Events are approached with scientific skepticism (critical thinking) a. Minimize the influence of preconceptions/biases while evaluating the evidence b. Determine the conclusions that can be reasonably drawn from the evidence c. Consider alternative explanations for research findings Steps in the scientific method A. Formulate a testable hypothesis 1. hypothesis 2. variables 3. operational definition B. Design the study and collect data 1. descriptive methods 2. experimental methods C. Analyze the data and draw conclusions D. Report the findings Descriptive research methods – strategies for observing and describing behavior A. Naturalistic observation – systematic observation and recording of behaviors as they occur in their natural settings 1. Allows study of behaviors that cannot be easily or ethically manipulated in an experiment B. Case study – indepth investigation of an individual or small group of individuals 1. Allows study of rare, unusual or extreme conditions C. Surveys 1. Sample ...
Words: 5603 - Pages: 23
...LEARNING THEORIES - COGNITIVE LEARNING THEORIES l CHAPTER 5 CHAPTER 5 Learning Theories - Cognitive Learning Theories LE ARNI NG OUTCOMES After studying this chapter, you should be able to: 1. Explain what is cognitive revolution and the cognitive perspective on learning and how it differs from other theoretical perspective; Discuss the origins of the contemporary cognitive perspective including the Gestalt psychology and the role of perception; Describe the Information processing model to learning and distinguish the features of ‘Multistore model’; Explain what is schema theory; Link schema theory to cognitive structuralism and examine the role of insightful learning and meaningful learning; and Discuss application of cognitive theories in the classroom. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 104 CHAPTER 5 l LEARNING THEORIES - COGNITIVE LEARNING THEORIES INTRODUCTION Sometimes you wonder why the teacher use colourful chalk with some of the words written on the board. Sometimes the teacher write in capital letter with important words. These are useful as guides for the students to differentiate the important and unimportant facts. In other words, accurate perception is important in good learning. It is part of the Gestalt principles. Clearly, these principles are useful as guide for teachers as they organize their materials and learning activities. So in this chapter, we will discuss the origin and features of cognitive theory and relate them to...
Words: 8597 - Pages: 35
...------------------------------------------------- Study skills From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Study skills or study strategies are approaches applied to learning. They are generally critical to success in school,[1] considered essential for acquiring good grades, and useful for learning throughout one's life. There are an array of study skills, which may tackle the process of organizing and taking in new information, retaining information, or dealing with assessments. They include mnemonics, which aid the retention of lists of information, effective reading and concentration techniques,[2] as well as efficient notetaking.[3] While often left up to the student and their support network, study skills are increasingly taught in High School and at the University level. A number of books and websites are available, from works on specific techniques such as Tony Buzan's books on mind-mapping, to general guides to successful study such as those by Stella Cottrell. More broadly, any skill which boosts a person's ability to study and pass exams can be termed a study skill, and this could include time management and motivational techniques. Study Skills are discrete techniques that can be learned, usually in a short time, and applied to all or most fields of study. They must therefore be distinguished from strategies that are specific to a particular field of study e.g. music or technology, and from abilities inherent in the student, such as aspects of intelligence or learning...
Words: 2383 - Pages: 10
...Critically discuss the psychological evidence that helps to explain the use of evidence given in court by children under the age of 11, (usually described as ‘child witnesses’) In the past 20 years the number of psychological studies on child witnesses and the competency of them being interviewed as well as the evidence being given by them has grown from very few quality studies to several thousand. Issues such as suggestibility, the effects of individual differences and the effects of long delays on their recall have been brought up and discussed in these studies. (Memon, Vrij & Bull, 2006) Traditionally, most Criminal Justice Systems have been reluctant to accept the testimony of young children, believing that they make less reliable witnesses than adults do. Although in recent years the balance has shifted and the evidence of children is now much more likely to be accepted. (Ainsworth, 1998) All witnesses defined as a child at the date of the trial, and irrespective of the nature of the offence, are automatically classified as vulnerable and this eligible for a range of protective special measures to enable them to give a testimony in court. There special measures include in-court screens, live TV link, removal of wigs and gowns and provision of any necessary aids to communication. (Raitt, 2007) The issue of children’s competency to testify in court has changed from the presumption that no minor is competent to the belief that all children are competent...
Words: 2498 - Pages: 10
...Thesis Statement Example 1 In this example of thesis statement, the emphasis of the study is to find a correlation, either positive or negative, between Mozart’s music and short term memory. This is an example of a research paper with data observation and analysis. The observations were recorded by running ANOVA and Post Hoc tests to compute values for the variables. The goal was to find a positive correlation between the two variables. For that a hypothesis was tested that was proven to be negative. Alternatively, this proved the scientific validation of the null hypothesis i.e. “positive correlation exists between short term memory and listening to Mozart’s music.” The actual thesis statement is both precise and straight to the point yet some explanation has been given to elaborate the details of the study. Thesis Subject: The Effect of Mozart’s Music on Short Term Memory Sample Thesis Statement: The thesis statement is created from the essential question i.e. “is there any presence of a positive cause and effect relationship on the memory status of the students who listen to Mozart’s music, as it is propagated in the theory of Mozart’s effect”. The hypothesis tested for this study is, “Listening to Mozart’s music has no effect on human memory”. Thesis Statement Example 2 This is an example of a research essay thesis statement. While writing a thesis statement for a research essay you have to strictly take a for or against approach and then justify your argument. For...
Words: 770 - Pages: 4
...Prevalence Cramming is often done the night before an exam; in Japan this is known informally as one-night pickling (一夜漬, いちやづけ ichiya-dzuke?). In Commonwealth countries, cramming usually occurs during the revision week (week before exams), also known as "swotvac" or "stuvac". Over a longer term, cram schools exist in various countries, often designed to impart large amounts of information over the course of a year or longer. The pressure to excel academically has led to cramming behavior among students as young as five years old.[2] Cramming as a study technique H.E. Gorst stated in his book, The Curse of Education, “as long as education is synonymous with cramming on an organized plan, it will continue to produce mediocrity.” [3] Generally considered as a negative study technique, cramming is becoming more and more common among students both at the secondary and post-secondary level. Pressure to perform well in the classroom and engage in extracurricular activities in addition to other responsibilities often results in the cramming method of studying. Cramming is a widely-used study skill performed in preparation for an examination or other performance-based assessment. Most common among high school and college-aged students, cramming is often used as a means of memorizing large amounts of information in a short amount of time. Students are often forced to cram after improper time utilization or in efforts to understand information shortly before being tested. Improper...
Words: 358 - Pages: 2
...Have you ever been in a situation where someone you know came up to you in the street and started chatting for ages about something from the past, and try as you might, you just could not remember this person's name? Maybe you couldn't even remember where you knew them from, so you worded your own questions very carefully. | Have been ever to this situation….?If, yes thenDo you know which factor affects behind it? That you did not associate ….????Yes…It is memory. | If have ever noticed then sometime it happens like,*You gone to the store and not been able to remember, what you went there to buy?* Walked into a room and forgot why you were there?* "Lost" a key word while telling a joke? | Above all things aren’t something new. These are the things which really happen with us in our day to day activity.Above all things directly indicate to our memory…. | Memory!Human memory is a process or a store; we use to store and recall information.Then, why do we forget such small and sometimes really important things? | Because, Our brain consists of about one billion neurons. Each neuron forms about 1,000 connections to other neurons, amounting to more than a trillion connections.We are able to recognize, number of neuron’s number o f connections with in brain Then it’s time to understand where exactly the error occurs???? | As a student you have to face difficulty preparing for tests and exams that require a lot of memorization? | This interactive course focuses on the process...
Words: 286 - Pages: 2
...Following the recent sensation of using therapy to recover memories from one’s past, there is increasing concern over whether or not these “recovered” memories are indeed genuine. While certain memory recovering procedures appear to be designed to help a patient relax and serve to draw out old memories, often times, patients can be so eager to recover some memory from their past that they in fact create a false illusion in their head of an event in order to help better explain an unknown part of their past. Just because an event described appears and sounds genuine, does not mean that the event has actually occurred. While the patient can be the cause for creating a false memory so too can the therapist. Suggestive influences are likely to enhance the plausibility of a memory in the mind of a patient. It is easy to be lead to a conclusion by someone who you’re trusting to help you find answers. Suggestive procedures play a role in outcomes for other experiments and it is no different when conducting experiments about false memories. Persuasive information from the media can also play a role in the minds of people, as they all believe that if they’re hearing or reading about recovered memories on the television or radio than it is possible they might have some as well. Another concern about the validity of recovered memories is the potential of false testimony from patients, as they may not want to share what actually happened. This would likely stem from some sort of traumatic...
Words: 407 - Pages: 2
...Cognitive Psychology Linda is an ex substance abuser and has experienced a few relapses. Linda is 33 and is in good health besides damage to her lungs due to smoking crack cocaine. She is concerned about her memory, since she misplaces her car keys at home and losing her car in the parking lot. Linda is also telling stories regarding her children and is later corrected for telling the story about the wrong child. Linda has no brain damage, besides the decay of her memory due to her substance abuse. When one has brain damage, or anyone uses any illicit drug, it affects the function of the brain. She believes she might be suffering from a neurological disorder. I believe the effect she is experiencing is due to her past substance use. Cocaine is known to cause several neurological disorders due to the fact that the crystalline free-base form is water insoluble which when smoking or free basing results in an instantaneous high contributing to the rapid absorption through the large pulmonary surface area and swift penetration to the brain. Cocaine can be absorbed from the mucous membrane, therefore causing neurological complications (Agarwal, 2013). Since she is healthy I would rule out that it is a neurological disorder and that it is just poor memory. Substance abuse affects the brain stem, the limbic system, and the cerebral cortex since drugs are chemicals. Cocaine causes nerve cells to release excessive amounts of natural neurotransmitters or prevent the normal...
Words: 1298 - Pages: 6
