...Religious Sources of Reform A. Second Great Awakening--religious revivals among Protestants. 1. Unlike Puritans, who emphasized election, Arminian theology stated that salvation was a matter of individual choice. Individuals needed to repent, confess sins, and accept God's gift of salvation. 2. Focus on the Second Coming of Christ. Need for reform of society to hasten the new Kingdom of God. 3. Biggest impact among women. Evangelical mission to save others gave women more status, purpose. 4. Frontier revivals featured emotional appeals while providing social meetings for settlers B. New religious groups formed as instruments of reform 1. Utopian societies created in reaction to urban growth and industrialization. Emphasis on community and withdrawal from society 2. Shakers--socially radical. Abolished families, practiced celibacy and full equality between sexes. 3. Mormons--Organized by Joseph Smith in 1830 as a cooperative theocracy with himself as the Prophet. Because of persecution, Smith and his followers moved from New York to Ohio to Missouri to Illinois, where he was murdered by opponents. Succeeded by Brigham Young, who led migration to Utah. II. Non-Religious Utopian Communities A. New Harmony, Illinois. 1825. Socialist center founded by Robert Owen to be self-sufficient and existing without currency. Failed after several years. B. Brook Farm Experiment. Transcendentalist in orientation, rejecting society's standards and Enlightenment...
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...Tiffany Husband Utilization Paper HCS/235 Terresa Randolph Nov. 26, 2012 Currently in America, there are very few Americans who have health insurance, and the number is becoming fewer and fewer every day. Statistic shows that there are more than 46 million Americans with no health insurance. This has become a major crisis due to the fact that employers have stopped insuring their employees because the cost is so high. The total cost in United States was more than 2.4 trillion dollars in 2007. Our President and congress agree that they system needs to be changed, however there is no solid agreement on what how it should be changed. The health care reform is a continuous debate, but there are has yet to be a solution found. Over recent years there have been major discussions about the health care reform. One of the major problems is that Health care is becoming more and more expensive, and no one seems to know why it continues to become more expensive. However, with such costly premiums fewer and fewer Americans are becoming not insured. Due to this, the United States is facing unprecedented crisis in access to health care. Since the beginning of the recession there have been growing numbers of Americans who can no longer depend on health care coverage from their employers. Because of the recession this number has continued to accelerate. There is an increasing demand for health care services, but there are not enough physicians or specialist to meet this type of demand. Health...
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...| Affordable Care Act vs The Invincibles | | Affordable Care Act signed. Excitement. Gets on webpage. Sees prices. Exits webpage. These are motions made by many young adults between 19 and 29 took upon realizing that it was now mandatory that every American adult sign up for a health insurance plan. On March 23, 2010, young adults, including the writer, thought they were finally getting a break from the government when President Obama signed his new health reform act. Little was known how much this generation was actually considered before the president signed off their continued demise. Young adults were sold a dream of affordable health plans that could fit within their tight budgets, but with reality in front of them, they must face either being penalized for the 2014 tax year or pinch their pennies and pay the premium throughout the year. Promoters of the Affordable Care Act are now facing the challenge of getting this group to sign up for insurance. But many ask why they didn’t consider the pockets of young adults before the current administration made the decision for them. What does the Affordable Care Act or “Obamacare” entail? It offers provisions to expand coverage, control health care costs, and improve the health care delivery system. “The act requires most U.S. citizens and legal residents to have health insurance. It also requires employers to pay penalties for employees who receive tax credits for health insurance through an Exchange, with exceptions...
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...following reasons - religious beliefs, individuals who cannot afford the healthcare coverage, taxpayers whose income is below the income threshold, or any person deemed to belong from an Indian tribe- the statute requires individuals to avail a health care insurance plan or pay a penalty. II. Historical Analysis a.) What policies and programs were developed in the past to deal with the problem? Policies that were developed in the past to deal with the same problem of limited and reluctant healthcare coverage include the Medicare (1965), Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act (1985) Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (1996) and the Massachusetts Health Care Insurance Reform Law (2006). Very notable is the Massachusetts Health Care Insurance Reform Law as it was described as the model of the PPACA. b.) How has the specific policy/program under analysis developed over time? The PPACA Bill was...
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...Health Care Re Health Care Reform There has been a lot of talk and debate lately over Health Care Reform, as people are trying to answer the question – Should a universally accessible health care system be implemented in the United States (US)? This ongoing highly debatable issue remains a hot topic among US citizens from all walks of life, from the very poor to the very wealthy. Health Care Reform affects everyone. The vast majority of the US population is very dissatisfied with the current state of health care. According to the ABC News and Washington Post cooperative poll, 57 percent of Americans aren’t satisfied with the overall system of health care (Langer, 2009). Consequently, the issue of the Health Care Reform was born, but before analyzing the actual aspects of this reform it will be wise to brush up on those major attitudes and concerns which occupy ordinary people and how they respond to the unfolding changes in the area of health care and social security. More than half of the American population is convinced that the Health Care Reform is necessary and it must be carried out by the government. Hence, the government plays a huge role in the health care transformation as it provides the nation with the health care plans and outlines other possibilities for medical coverage like the health insurance exchange. President Obama suggests his own plan of stability and security for all Americans. This plan is to provide more security and stability for those...
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...Ethical and Legal Concerns Regarding Welfare Reform Daniel Smith Business Law II, Park University Outline Ethical and Legal Concerns Regarding Welfare Reform I. Current House Vote A. Welfare Reform Act of 1996 II. Course of Welfare Reform Act A. Prejudice B. Economy III. What are President and Current Representatives saying regarding Act? A. Are Ethics being utilized properly? IV. Primary Objective of Welfare Reform Act A. Decrease Reliance B. Requirements C. Statistics D. Social Workers Some Democrats believe the 1996 welfare reform is better than the recommendations of the Obama Administration. “The House voted Thursday (September 20, 2012) to block the Obama Administration's unilateral weakening of welfare's work requirements, and political reporters are writing it off as a partisan primal scream if they notice at all.” (Unknown, 2012) All Republicans and nineteen Democrats showed their dislike of the current administrations path down the welfare reform road with an astounding 250-164 rout over welfare reform recommendations. That’s one-tenth of the Democratic caucus joining with the Republicans to say our people need welfare in its current state during these hard economic times. The Reform Act was started during the Clinton Administration in August of 1996. However, welfare has been a controversial issue since the 1960’s. It was not until the late 1980’s, when the citizens...
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...Health Care Reform from an Economist Perspective Introduction Today there are many Americans without health insurance. This is due to the lack of financial resources they have to pay for the insurance , perhaps due to the unemployment rate and also due to those (younger generation) who choose to opt out of paying for health insurance. Many Americans live day to day hoping they will not get sick. From the results of these rates, President Obama signed the US Health Care Reform into law. The health care reform law encases benefits such as affordability, accessibility, comfort and ease for low income families worrying about going broke if they get sick, health care cost will be capped, and insurance companies will not be able to deny applicants due to pre-existing conditions. Accessibility simply means that insurers would have to expand insurance coverage to all Americans. This means eliminating pre-existing conditions that prevented people from gaining insurance coverage, insuring portability across states, mandating the purchase of insurance coverage, standardizing claims to reduce paperwork and providing benefits and cost information to American people allowing them an opportunity to choose a plan that best fit their needs (Shortell, 2009) Affordability has left uninsured and low income families helpless due to high premiums. The public option is an idea that hopes to establish competition that will drive down insurance premium costs between private insurers (Shortell...
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...The Need for Health Care Reform HCA 410 Professor Henry O’Lawrence December 8, 2011 The Need For Health Care Reform Health care system is now faced with many problems such as high cost of insurance, high cost of medical services, significant numbers of people lack any form of healthcare insurance, and many more people are underinsured. Heath care is not affordable and easy to obtain anymore. With the rising of health care cost, reforms are needed to be more affordable with high quality and efficiency. There are over “46 million people lacking health insurance, but also for those who have insurance the economic downturn is a chilling reminder that under current system, virtually anyone facing a run of bad luck could be quickly wiped out by medical bill collectors”. State Healy, Bernadine M.D. (2009). Providing health insurance for people uninsured and low-cost insurance are major problems need to consider and take it seriously. The number of people uninsured is too high. There are many factors leading to be uninsured including poverty, the economic downturn leading to high rated of unemployment and some working families who cannot afford coverage because too expensive, besides, earn too much to be eligible for many programs which the state's healthcare provider. Offering the healthcare options with advantages for the uninsured with affordable price is needed to take to consideration. Many low income people cannot afford health insurance usually don’t go seek for medical...
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...Welfare Reform A number of countries across the globe do have welfare programs, essentially these are government systems aimed at helping families and individuals in need. For instance, America has elaborate systems that aim to offer fairly complete systems, which aid Americans not only in monetarily terms but also through other forms of assistance such as medical care services, and work training programs (Rushefsky, 2013). Consequently, this paper seeks to understand how did the PRWORA Act of 1996 change America's welfare system? Moreover, we shall seek to know how a mandated vocational training or job skills program will help the current system. The success of such welfare systems has been widely studied, monitored intimately, and adjusted accordingly to suite different situations. Thus, the government saw the need to place much emphasis on changing the norm from the “Welfare to Work” ostensibly this was aimed at decreasing overreliance on federal aid (Weil, and Finegold, 2011). This is imperative since welfare programs are the most intricate systems to be rolled out by any government and thus require enormous expenditure in terms of human and financial resources. The other reason is that welfare systems are aimed at providing assistance to the majority poor who are otherwise very needy (Weil, and Finegold, 2011). Thus, any dysfunction of the system can result to great suffering to many citizens; it can also cause immense concern to stakeholders. In the year 1996, the American...
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...Associate Level Material Critical Analysis Forms Fill out one form for each source. |Source 1 Title and Citation: | |Health Care Reform Is a Disaster for All Americans | |Ferrara, Peter. "Health Care Reform Is a Disaster for All Americans." The Uninsured. Ed. Debra A. Miller. Detroit: Greenhaven | |Press, 2011. Current Controversies. Rpt. from "The Right Prescription: The Obamacare Disaster." American Spectator (18 Aug. | |2010). Gale Opposing Viewpoints In Context. Web. 15 Jan. 2013. | | | | | | | |1 |Identify the principal issue presented by the |Obamacare will be declining the standard of living for Americans by | | |source. |increasing the cost of health insurance, increasing the amount of money | | | |middle class citizens pay to taxes, and diminishing the acceptance of | | | |Medicare...
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...Healthcare Reform Melissa Benavides GE175 – American Government June 29, 2011 Mr. M. Sedam Healthcare Reform Healthcare reform has been an issue in the United States for quite some time. A number of citizens believe the government should pay for our healthcare. Others believe the government should not have any say in our healthcare and it should be paid for by private insurance companies or out of the individual’s pocket. While others still argue that medical costs are on the rise and it is becoming impossible to afford while the economy is folding in on itself. As an unmarried individual, healthcare can get quite costly for me. For those who are unemployed healthcare is most likely a pipe dream and they suffer through sickness or aches and pains. On March 23, 2010 the Affordable Health Care Act became a law. This meant that insurance companies would no longer stand between consumers and their healthcare providers. They could no longer dictate what services would be limited, and the need for seeking approval before receiving emergency care at a facility outside the plan’s network. This new law also enabled people under the age of 26 to stay on their parent’s health plan where as before, the cap age was 21. New regulations require insurance companies to cover children with pre-existing medical conditions. Lifetime limits have been abolished and companies have been made to use 80-85% of the consumer’s money they pay into the insurance for their healthcare...
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...B Bailey Health Reform Plan The Clinton Healthcare Plan of 1993 also known as the Health Security Act was a package presented under the direction of President Bill Clinton. His presidency started on January 20, 1993 and lasted until January 20, 2001. During his 1992 presidential election, Clinton pushed for this bill to be passed by Congress. “After nine months of brainstorming and politicking, President Clinton delivered to Congress today a 240,000-word proposal for universal health insurance” (Pear, 1993). This manifesto was the most multiplex, comprehensive plan conveyed by any President. Under the Clinton plan, most Americans would get health insurance coverage only in regional alliances. “ A company with more than 5,000 full-time employees could operate its own health insurance program outside the alliances. People working at company headquarters would be in the corporate health plan” (Pear, 1993). If there were employees of a large company that worked in another state with 100 or less than they were able to join the local alliance there. The Clinton Healthcare Plan of 1993 would supply additional treatment of helping. “Mr. Clinton said his proposal would provide much more coverage of preventive services than is usually found in private health insurance plans” (Pear, 1993). The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA) of 2010 also known as Obamacare is a United States federal law signed in by President Obama on March 23, 2010. This law, jointly with the...
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...Health Care Reform Healthcare has a long and detailed history in the United States. Since the beginning 20th century it has been a major source of political debate. Both federal and state governments have made efforts in trying to take steps toward a universal health care system. Early reform poured the foundation for today’s government healthcare programs. The United States witnessed social movements that demanded access to the American dream. People who were viewed as second class citizens banded together and demanded reform on their behalves. The largest of these movements was a demand for universal healthcare. American’s greatest issue was sickness and missing work. When working individuals missed work due to “sickness” they lost their wages. The loss of income made sickness the leading cause of poverty. Reformist saw a need for national healthcare and the campaign began. Health insurance that would protect the worker against wage loss and expenses incurred from medical treatment. In 1906, the American Associaltion of Labor Legislation (AALL) became active in the push for national health care. They created a committee that concentrated on healthcare insurance, and in 1915 drafted a bill that gave limited coverage to the working class and to anyone that earned less than $1200 a year. This draft included sick pay, death, and maternatiy benefits. The proposal was meet by opposition (Palmer, 2010). Although the American Medical Association offered its support...
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...Health Care Reform Commentary Paper 1. Summarize the main components of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010 The Individual Mandate All individuals will be required to have health insurance, with some exceptions, starting in 2014. Employer Requirements Employees with 50 or more employees will be assessed a fee of $2,000 per full time employee if they do not offer coverage. Expansion of Medicaid Medicaid will be expanded to all under age 65. It creates a uniform minimum Medicaid eligibility threshold across states and will eliminate a limit that prohibits most adults without dependent children from enrolling in the program. Health Insurance Exchanges 24 million will be obtaining coverage in the newly created state health insurance exchange. Changes to Private Insurances Waiting period for coverage will be 90 days. Children will be covered to age 26. 2. Briefly discuss the financing and cost containment challenges of universal coverage. The cost of the legislation will be financed through a combination of savings from Medicaid and care and a new tax on high cost insurance. 3. Explore the Implications of health care reform on the nursing profession: Challenges of the nursing shortage affects the quality of patient care. It affects patient outcomes and increases medical errors. A call to transform nursing education has come. Educational facilities must have sufficient funding and staff. Improved financial aid and scholarships for the...
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...Eric Yee 12/06/2014 MHR 452 Dr. Farmer Quality Versus Quantity in Health Care System There is health care reform happening today. According to Journal of Healthcare Finance, “Skyrocketing health care costs are forcing payers to demand delivery efficiencies that preserve and promote quality care” (Scamperle 2014). As the demand for health services, controversies of the direction of the healthcare system stirred. Should healthcare providers focus efforts towards quality or quantity care of patients? There is an emerging trend of efforts leaning towards a quality of healthcare direction as opposed to high volume service. This issue sparked my attention because of initially hearing testimony of mal-practice within healthcare facilities. Friends told me of the staff tending to their own needs before the patients’ needs. Other mal-practice includes negligence and ignoring hospital policies that can make the entire hospital liable for damages. Overall, negligent behaviors lead me to critically analyze the source of healthcare system operations. Briefly describing this issue, healthcare providers used a payment plan called Fee-for-Service which reimburses healthcare providers rewards per patient attended. As precautions for low paying reimbursement transactions from insurance providers, healthcare providers such as doctors write extra medical operations, tests, medicines for patients to purchase. Some doctors order more than one visit to have a cushion of funds to avoid a potential...
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