...Explore the ways in which the three texts present the suffering of soldiers in the war. World War One is known as “the war to end all wars”[1]. The war cultured “extreme suffering” which inspired many writers. The war also aided the advancement of attitudes towards the emotionality of men. Individual suffering is manipulated to intensify the pain by isolating singular characters. Sacrifices of the men force the reader into an uncomfortable atmosphere. Sebastian Faulks’ Bildungsroman Birdsong highlights the suffering of individual to understate that of the masses. Regeneration, written by Pat Barker in 1991, uses factual occurrences of Sassoon and Owen’s lives in Craiglockhart to detail historic experiences of suffering. The poetry features both pro and anti-war perspectives from historical figures featured within Regeneration. Birdsong emotively persuades readers that individual anguish has detrimental effects on soldier’s lives intensifying their suffering. The texts use third person narrative to create emotive circumstances which manipulate the reader into understanding the suffering as either mass or individual. The writers’ portrayal of individual suffering was the most poignant compared to the subversion of widespread suffering. The texts expose the stigmatization of physical disability as a cause of individual suffering. Historically, the dependence of disabled life reflects the burden faced by soldiers of returning to normality. Wilfred Owen’s poem Disabled explores the...
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...How is Prior developed for the reader? There was a distinct difference in attitudes to class during World War One, and this is seen in Pat Barkers’ presentation of Billy Prior. Upper, working and lower classes viewed each social class with contempt, which lead to tension at the home front, and Barker presents Prior to show these tensions. Prior reflects the middle class views of this time period, as well as portraying the different relationships between different social classes. We first meet Prior in chapter 5 when Rivers is introduced to the new patient in the hospital who has a rude attitude and refuses to speak for his speech ‘comes and goes’, “it was unlike Sister Rogers to take a dislike to a patient”. Prior comes across as angry, stubborn and blunt as he writes in block capitals giving short and straightforward responses such as “I DON’T REMEMBER”. Suggesting he maybe thinks he does not belong at the hospital, or that he is there for the wrong reason. There is tension between Prior and Rivers as they both seek for authority, this can be seen when Rivers corrects a misspelling Prior had made, “Two I’s in “Physically”, Mr Prior”. The fight for superiority continues as Rivers “not roughly, but firmly” puts the tea spoon to the back of Prior’s throat, making his eyes water, but more importantly, Prior “tried” to “push River’s hand away”. The reader knows Prior wants superiority as he is described to have a “supercilious expression” on his face. Prior struggles with his...
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...Analysing aspects of form, structure, and language, explore the ways in which Barker present the horrors of War In the novel ‘Regeneration’, Pat Barker uses form, structure and language to present the horrors of war. The consequences of the horrors of war are also presented through psychological factors and vivid imagery which Barker creates. It is also dues to these horrors that there is protest against the war, which is also shown in the novel. The novel is set in a mental hospital called Craiglockhart in Scotland in 1917. By using Craiglockhart as the setting, Barker shows how the men still suffer from the experiences of the war. Craiglockhart existed in World War 1, and helped in dealing with the 800,000 cases of shell shock from the British army. Madness is a minor theme in Regeneration, and helps present the horrors of war. It is the main reason why these soldiers are at Craiglockhart. These men are not accepted in society because of their ‘madness’, as it is seen as the inability to act in a manner that is considered normal. The symptoms of madness range from a fear of blood to mutism, from an inability to eat to a vocal protest of the war. For many men the treatment they receive leaves them feeling emasculated, shamed and isolated over their breakdown and their problems are only made worse. Barker uses each characters experience to show the horrors of war. Each character comes in at a different point in the novel, for example Yealland is introduced towards the...
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...How the character of Billy is prior represented in the opening chapters of the novel regeneration. Pat barker first introduces the character Billy prior in chapter 5. The first character that he was introduced to was Rivers as he was his patient. Pat barker describes him at first as a very mute character and is entirely fictional, I know this because when Rivers asked sister Rogers whether he’s said anything to anyone as he was unresponsive, and she replied to him, “No, if you speak to him he just stares straight through you”. I think that this problem with him where he doesn’t talk caused some people not to like him. Pat barker describes Prior as looking like his mum, “Thin, fair haired, young, high cheekbones, short and blunt nose”. However he describes his personality as being more comparable to his fathers. In chapter 6 Barker began to describe his parents when they paid prior a visit at Craighlockart. His father was described as quite the opposite to him, being “big, thick, dark hair, ruddy complexion and a reddish- brown moustache” his father was one who would just drop in when he liked and did what pleased him for example when made no arrangements to come in and speak to someone at Craighlockart but he still came in anyway despite someone telling him he claimed that Mrs Prior made her son very ambitious and now he is ruined he believed that his son should have stayed within his own class.. His mother on the other hand was the more apologetic one...
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...Explore the ways in which Barker’s use of language, form and structure have affected your response to the presentation of the horrors of war. In the novel ‘Regeneration’, Pat Barker uses language, form and structure to present the horrors of war using the characters in the novel; who represent the soldiers in the front line, during World War One. The novel is two hundred and fifty pages, distributed between twenty three chapters and split into four parts which could be used to show four months at Craiglockhart hospital, where the novel is based. The novel is based in World War One and the horrors of war presented in the book represent what life was like for the soldiers on the frontline. The unmentionable trauma they witnessed: watching comrades die, the pile of dead bodies consuming the space around them, the stench coming from the trench (such as rats, rotting flesh and gas from on enemies attacks). In chapter two, Barker presents a horror of war through the character Burns. Before the reader is even shown the trauma that Burns went through, his mouth being filled with decaying human flesh, Barker suggests how terrible his experience was. “Rivers had become adept at finding bearable aspects to unbearable experiences, but Burns defeated him.” This suggests to the reader that Burns personal experience must be so vile that even a doctor was unable to fully tolerate it. The fact Rivers has been able to endure horrid experiences of patients at the hospital and manage to deal...
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...What comes to mind when you hear people say “women should be in the kitchen” or “men should be playing sports and being tough?” Do you agree with this statement? This leads to my extensive question, is gender more than biological differences between men and women? Good afternoon, my name is Marco Loproto and I’m here to enlighten on the issue within in today’s society, gender. Society depicts females and males of having different attributes but some may disagree with this. In many cases women are perusing their dream and participating in task that is perceived to be masculine, whilst males can be portrayed as obscuring their manhood. This is exemplified in the movie Bend it like Beckham and the novel regeneration. In society Gender roles are constantly changing; women are often made to feel inferior to males but it is through one’s talents that they are able to prove their superiority, which is evident in the film ‘Bend it Like Beckham’ directed by Gurinder Chadha. Thus supporting the statement gender is more than biological differences between men and women. Throughout the film, the protagonist Jess who is of Punjabi background is constantly challenging the gender stereotype. This is demonstrated in the extreme long shot which sets the scene for the movie. Within the film Jess consistently contemplates with her gender stereotype within the film. Chandha cleverly demonstrates this when Jess is playing soccer and she makes a run with the ball. The low angle shot, works to...
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...Pat Barker's "Regeneration" captures the misery soldiers are accustomed to. Dr. W.H.R Rivers and the patients at Craiglockhart allow us to see the bigger picture of how war can have detrimental impact on a person. Patients want to be able to speak about what is causing them pain but are instead silenced. They lose their voices to commanding forces and are deprived of their voices. Sassoon and Prior's silence shows the degree in which people will endeavor to silence soldiers. Sassoon is silenced by the Medical Board to prevent him from speaking about his anti-war agenda. Sassoon wanted to be court-martialed...
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...The British Victorian Era, 1837 to 1901, can be classified as being the era of sharp criticisms of Victorian class structure, social hypocrisy, and marginalization of women. Throughout many novels, some particularly based on World War I, postcolonial times, the morality of the Victorians, etc., there is quite an elaborations for these allocations. During this time period, social class systems and the apportionments pre-defined a specific class “ladder” that many people had been either born into and stayed in that specific class or tried to work into a harder class. Some of the connotations of this era were seen to be “prudish”, “suppressed”, and “primitive”. First in the novel Regeneration, the author, Pat Barker, demonstrates the stubborn class divides of English society through the interactions of the officer ranks (typically upper class/ nobles) and private soldiers (almost entirely working class or poor) in its military during WWI. This is the best illustrated through the character of Billy Prior, a working class man who achieves the rank of captain and often reflects upon the tensions in the British army that result from class prejudice. For example, class distinctions were exhibited through English society, especially in the military. The military is "structured” around class and have many ways recreated the British class system in: aristocratic generals, middle-class officers, and a working class rank. This particular structure made the military more augmented...
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...AS/A2 English Literature B Student Guide A-LEVEL STUDENT HANDBOOK CONTENTS PAGE | | | |What we Expect of A-Level Students |3 | |Overview of the AS and A2 Course |4 | |Assessment Objectives |5 | |AS Marking Criteria |6 | |A2 Marking Criteria |7 | |Selecting and Studying Texts |8 | |Approaching Essays – coursework |9 | |Punctuation Guide |11 | |Glossary of Literary Terms |12 | |Reading List ...
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...PENGUIN CELEBRATIONS REGENERATION Pat Barker was born in 1943. Her books include the highly acclaimed Regeneration trilogy, comprising Regeneration (1991), which was made into a film of the same name, The Eye in the Door (1993), which won the Guardian Fiction Prize, and The Ghost Road (1995), which won the Booker Prize, as well as the more recent novels Another World, Border Crossing and Double Vision. She lives in Durham. PAT BARKER _________________ REGENERATION PENGUIN BOOKS PENGUIN CELEBRATIONS For David, and in loving memory of Dr John Hawkings (1922–1987) PENGUIN BOOKS Published by the Penguin Group Penguin Books Ltd, 80 Strand, London WC2R 0RL, England Penguin Group (USA) Inc., 375 Hudson Street, New York, New York 10014, USA Penguin Group (Canada), 90 Eglinton Avenue East, Suite 700, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M4P 2Y3 (a division of Pearson Penguin Canada Inc.) Penguin Ireland, 25 St Stephen’s Green, Dublin 2, Ireland (a division of Penguin Books Ltd) Penguin Group (Australia), 250 Camberwell Road, Camberwell, Victoria 3124, Australia (a division of Pearson Australia Group Pty Ltd) Penguin Books India Pvt Ltd, 11 Community Centre, Panchsheel Park, New Delhi – 110017, India Penguin Group (NZ), 67 Apollo Drive, Rosedale, North Shore 0632, New Zealand (a division of Pearson New Zealand Ltd) Penguin Books (South Africa) (Pty) Ltd, 24 Sturdee Avenue, Rosebank, Johannesburg 2196, South Africa Penguin Books Ltd, Registered Offices: 80 Strand, London WC2R 0RL...
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...co Food and Beverage Operations DHM 102 The Official Guide Boston Business School 520 North Bridge Road #03-01 Wisma Alsagoff Singapore 188742 www.bostonbiz.edu.sg All rights reserved; no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without the prior written permission of the Publisher. This guide may not be lent, resold, hired out or otherwise disposed of by way of trade in any form of binding or cover, other than that in which is published, without the prior consent of the Publisher. The Guide is a useful resource for those seeking to gain the internationally recognised CTHCM qualifications. The Guide however must be used together with the recommended textbooks. CONTENTS 1. Introduction 2. Food Production Methods 3. Food Service Outlets 4. Food Service Methods 5. Food and Beverage Service Staff 6. Menus and Beverage Lists 7. Food and Beverage Service Area and Equipment 8. Food Service – Accompaniments and Covers 9. Food and Beverage Service Sequence 10. Beverage Service – Non Alcoholic Beverages 11. Alcoholic Beverage Service – Wine and Beer 12. Alcoholic Beverage Service – Spirits, Liqueurs and Bar Operations 13. Customer Care and Selling Skills 14. Functions and Events 15. Supervisory Aspect of Food and Beverage Management 1 5 31 46 65 77 92 113 128 167 181 207 228 244 262 1 Introduction Description The aim of Food and...
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...Food and Beverage Operations DHM 102 The Official Guide Boston Business School 520 North Bridge Road #03-01 Wisma Alsagoff Singapore 188742 www.bostonbiz.edu.sg All rights reserved; no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without the prior written permission of the Publisher. This guide may not be lent, resold, hired out or otherwise disposed of by way of trade in any form of binding or cover, other than that in which is published, without the prior consent of the Publisher. The Guide is a useful resource for those seeking to gain the internationally recognised CTHCM qualifications. The Guide however must be used together with the recommended textbooks. CONTENTS 1. Introduction 2. Food Production Methods 3. Food Service Outlets 4. Food Service Methods 5. Food and Beverage Service Staff 6. Menus and Beverage Lists 7. Food and Beverage Service Area and Equipment 8. Food Service – Accompaniments and Covers 9. Food and Beverage Service Sequence 10. Beverage Service – Non Alcoholic Beverages 11. Alcoholic Beverage Service – Wine and Beer 12. Alcoholic Beverage Service – Spirits, Liqueurs and Bar Operations 13. Customer Care and Selling Skills 14. Functions and Events 15. Supervisory Aspect of Food and Beverage Management 1 5 31 46 65 77 92 113 128 167 181 207 228 244 262 1 Introduction Description The aim of Food and...
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...Reading the Novel in English 1950–2000 i RTNA01 1 13/6/05, 5:28 PM READING THE NOVEL General Editor: Daniel R. Schwarz The aim of this series is to provide practical introductions to reading the novel in both the British and Irish, and the American traditions. Published Reading the Modern British and Irish Novel 1890–1930 Reading the Novel in English 1950–2000 Daniel R. Schwarz Brian W. Shaffer Forthcoming Reading the Eighteenth-Century Novel Paula R. Backscheider Reading the Nineteenth-Century Novel Harry E. Shaw and Alison Case Reading the American Novel 1780–1865 Shirley Samuels Reading the American Novel 1865–1914 G. R. Thompson Reading the Twentieth-Century American Novel James Phelan ii RTNA01 2 13/6/05, 5:28 PM Reading the Novel in English 1950–2000 Brian W. Shaffer iii RTNA01 3 13/6/05, 5:28 PM © 2006 by Brian W. Shaffer BLACKWELL PUBLISHING 350 Main Street, Malden, MA 02148-5020, USA 9600 Garsington Road, Oxford OX4 2DQ, UK 550 Swanston Street, Carlton, Victoria 3053, Australia The right of Brian W. Shaffer to be identified as the Author of this Work has been asserted in accordance with the UK Copyright, Designs, and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, except as permitted by the UK Copyright, Designs, and...
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...Media History Contents 1 Introduction 1.1 Mass media . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.1.1 1.1.2 1.1.3 1.1.4 1.1.5 1.1.6 1.1.7 1.1.8 1.1.9 Issues with definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Forms of mass media . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Purposes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Professions involving mass media . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . History . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Influence and sociology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ethical issues and criticism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Future . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . See also . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1 1 2 6 6 7 8 10 10 10 10 11 11 12 12 12 12 16 16 17 17 17 17 17 17 18 19 20 21 21 21 1.1.10 Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.1.11 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.1.12 Further reading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.1.13 External links . . . . . . . . ....
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...Copyright Salman Rushdie, 1988 All rights reserved VIKING Published by the Penguin Group Viking Penguin Inc., 40 West 23rd Street, New York, New York 10010, U.S.A. Penguin Books Ltd, 27 Wrights Lane, London W8 5TZ, England Penguin Books Australia Ltd. Ringwood, Victoria, Australia Penguin Books Canada Ltd, 2801 John Street, Markham, Ontario, Canada L3R 1B4 Penguin Books (N.Z.) Ltd, 182-190, Wairau Road, Auckland ro, New Zealand Penguin Books Ltd, Registered Offices: Harmondsworth, Middlesex, England Published in 1989 by Viking Penguin Inc. For Marianne Contents I The Angel Gibreel II Mahound III Ellowen Deeowen IV Ayesha V A City Visible but Unseen VI Return to Jahilia VII The Angel Azraeel VIII The Parting of the Arabian Seas IX A Wonderful Lamp Satan, being thus confined to a vagabond, wandering, unsettled condition, is without any certain abode; for though he has, in consequence of his angelic nature, a kind of empire in the liquid waste or air, yet this is certainly part of his punishment, that he is . . . without any fixed place, or space, allowed him to rest the sole of his foot upon. Daniel Defoe, _The History of the Devil_ I The Angel Gibreel "To be born again," sang Gibreel Farishta tumbling from the heavens, "first you have to die. Hoji! Hoji! To land upon the bosomy earth, first one needs to fly. Tat-taa! Taka-thun! How to ever smile again, if first you won't cry? How to win the darling's love, mister, without a sigh? Baba, if you want to get born again...
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