Federal Prison Comparison
Team A
CJA/234
Robin Marmon-Instructor
September 22, 2014

There are many different types of prisons and federal penitentiaries throughout the Unites States of America and many of them are l out differently but all possess similar regulations as far as visiting, employment and rehabilitative services are concerned. It makes no difference if; you are young or old in age, have medical issues, race or ethnicity, if you commit a crime you are going to serve time in some type of correctional facility or be state property in some form such as; probation or parole. The type of correctional facility that you will be sent to really depends on the level of crime you commit. If it is a superior level crime you will be sent to a correctional facility but if it is a federal offense you will be set to a federal correctional facility which will each have a different level of security based on how extensive the crime is that you committed. Here is an example of a variety of different federal penitentiaries. General Manuel Noriega, former Panamanian Dictator from 1983 to 1989. Noriega is no ordinary man, after High School he had military preparation at Chorizos Military Academy in Peru. In 1962 graduated with an engineering degree. In 1967, he received counterintelligence training at the School of the Americas at Fort Gulick, when it was located in the U.S. Army base in Panama. Later he was also trained in psychological operations at Fort Bragg, North Carolina. From the 1950s to the 1980s he worked with the CIA, being under its payroll most of this time. Noriega captured in 1990 in Panama by the U.S. Forces. The reasons for his arrest were drug trafficking, racketeering and conspiracy. He was sentenced to 30 years in prison but later reduced to 17. Correctional move for Noriega A) Federal Correctional Institution, Miami; where he received all sorts of accommodations here is some electronics, furnished and exercise equipment. This prison is a low security for male inmates created for the Mariel boat lift in the 1980. The development of prison examples is totally contradicted by the resources and accommodation given to General Noriega. Due to the conviction re conceived as a POW by the judge William Heeler; this brought us to the Pandora box treatment of this case. The conviction and treatment used in his incarceration can be linked to the closest comparison that we can find as the Reformatory Era, model by Sir Walter Crofton and Capt. Alexander Moonachie, who was head of the Irish Penal System. By the 1840s, it was their understanding that by offering the inmates resources as tools for self-determination in a lesser security environment they could be returned to the community based on their behavior determined by the administration. We have to agree that even the new era regards punishment and retributions to society for crimes committed. Also, the treatment offered by the Geneva Convention is different to our penal code. Noriega had the experience in the lavish treatment offered in his living quarters, which were referred to as the "presidential suite." Under this convention stated by Article16 which states protection of prisoner of war, equality of treatment, such prisoners are also subject to special provisions depending on their rank. Also, the disbarments of currency at the time of his arrest were his, and cannot be changed to other currency, and he is allowed to it even to get a provision for him. Adding to that, they have to take in consideration his age, sex, and professional attitude. Al Capone During around the 1920s, Al Capone, a very powerful leader of organized crime in Chicago during Prohibition Era, feared among other crime bosses with an altruistic personality loved by everyone. Capone bribed to control police and politicians. First sentenced to a year in prison in 1929, for charges of possession of a deadly concealed weapon; serving most of his sentence at Eastern State Penitentiary. The most important was his sentence on October 17, 1931 where jury found Capone guilty of several counts of tax evasion being sentenced to eleven years in prison plus fines for over $80,000 plus interest in back taxes, without bail. Sent first to Atlanta Penitentiary in Georgia, but transferred in 1934 to a maximum security facility Alcatraz Federal Prison in San Francisco, CA. under the belief of having special treatment due to his influence. Alcatraz also known as The Rock, considered the most infamous prison of the time. Of his sentence, he served almost eight years, being released in 1939 for good behavior, having paid all fines and a much deteriorated health due to paresis.
Correctional move for Capone A. United States Penitentiary Atlanta, Georgia Also known as USP Atlanta, medium-security United States federal prison for male offenders, operated by the Federal Bureau of Prisons, a division of the United States Department of Justice. The facility used primarily as a transfer prison. B. Alcatraz Federal Penitentiary or United States Penitentiary, Alcatraz Island (often just referred to as Alcatraz and The Rock) San Francisco, California. Built in 1910 to 1912, The Rock established as an escape proof facility, initially a military prison later became the property of The Federal Bureau of Prisons in 1934. This maximum high-security prison operated from 1934 until 1963. Considered the strongest prison; due to its location of an island surrounded by cold and high currents of waters of the San Francisco Bay, and famous for holding the most violent of criminals. Considered a top-notch security prison due to its modernized requirements. Formerly inmates were prohibited to talk while eating, then allowing in a quiet manner like the original Auburn system. Security-enhanced with technological innovations of the time around the facility and inmate cells, including strategically placed security guard towers. Federal Prison Camp Alderson West Virginia FPC Alderson is a minimum security federal prison camp for women where Martha Stewart found herself living for five months after being convicted of insider trading in 2002. There has also been another famous person housed at this facility, Billie Holliday for drug possession.

This minimum security prison camp sits on an unfenced 159 acre tract of land located in the Southern West Virginia. The prison was designed in a reformatory model where inmates are housed in cottages, housing 1,121 total inmates.

Built in 1928, the prison camp is under the Federal Bureau of Prisons with a vast history. The Bureau began in 1930 operating eleven federal prisons. As time went on so did the growth of the number of federal prisons under its administration; at the end of 1930, the agency operated fourteen facilities with 13,000 inmates to maintain. In 1940 the bureau had gained ten additional facilities housing 24,360 inmates total. As crime increased in the 1980s so did the number of facilities that the bureau was responsible. At this time the bureau went from managing large facilities to much smaller facilities which housed specific types of inmates.

At the Federal Prison Camp Alderson, inmates have access to email at .5 per minute, common areas, a television room and library, an electronic law library, a hospital, chapel and education building. Inmates have access to a wide range of courses from GED classes to stress relief classes. Martha Stewart told the Washington Post that her interactions with other inmates and officers were that of mutual respect and each was treated fairly. All inmates are expected to hold a job while there unless medical conditions exist. Martha Stewart's job was maintenance. Inmates are allowed to wander the grounds after the morning count but sign in and out and specify where they are going. They also must be back at their respective dorms by 4:00 pm. for count as well. Among the "leisured" features of this camp, they also impose an "Inmate Financial Responsibility Program (IFRP)". This program creates a contract where based on the inmates resources, a payment plan is established to pay any fines and/or restitution ordered by the court. Terry Nichols was an enlisted soldier in the United States Army in his early 30s. He was later on convicted of a bombing that has taken place in Oklahoma City in April of 1995. The bombing of the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building resulted in the deaths of 168 people. Nichols was found guilty on federal charges of conspiracy to use a weapon of mass destruction, as well as eight counts of involuntary manslaughter and 161 counts of murder. He was sentenced to life in prison without the possibility of parole and was serving his sentence in a federal prison in Florence, Colorado. Nichols was serving his sentence in a federal prison for the simple fact that he committed a federalized crime. John Gotti was a crime boss that had an extremely long criminal record. Charges of his criminal record included street fighting, public intoxication, and car theft. He had already been arrested five times by the time he turned 21. Eventually, Gotti took his life of crime to another level when he started committing murders, which is what eventually made him boss. Then, later on, Gotti was facing trial for racketeering charges, but ended up being acquitted. After the acquittal, Gotti eventually earned the name “Teflon Don” because of the fact that charges that were pending against him just wouldn’t stick. Finally, in 1992, Gotti was convicted and charged with racketeering and murder. He was sentenced to life in prison, without the possibility of parole, and was sent to serve his life sentence at a federal prison in Marion, Illinois. Gotti was in prison until June of 2002, when he died of complications with cancer in his head and neck. Ivan Boesky sentenced to three and a half years and served his time at Lompoc Federal Prison Camp in California, for which he served two years. He was charged with conspiracy to file false stock trading records. Lompoc Federal Prison Camp is a low security federal prison camp; this means that this prison has a lower staff to inmate ratio than you would in in a medium to maximum security facility. It is located in Lompoc, California in Central California in the county of Santa Barbara. This prison camp holds male offenders only and currently houses 1,378 inmates. Inmates are housed in four different housing units which consist of dormitories and cubicle settings. Inmates are only permitted to have visitation on the weekends between the hours of 9am-3pm. Inmates are given a large range of employment opportunities while serving their time as well as given vocational training, educational programs, counseling (if needed), as well as rehabilitative services to get their lives in order to prepare them for returning home. Michael Milken was born on July 4, 1946 in Encino, California. He studied for his undergraduate degree at the University of California also known as Berkeley. He then went on an obtained his master degree in Business Administration and the University of Pennsylvania. Milken was a financier and a convict. He was also known as the 'Junk Bond King." He is the founder of a private Jewish High School called Milken Community High School. In 1989 Milken was found guilty on 98 counts of racketeering and fraud. He served his short sentence at a former military barracks called Camp Parks located in the California Bay area. Michael only served two years and then was set free, but he was banned for life from securities field. Camp Parks had no gates and help about 84 prisoners and 11 guards. Prisoners lived four to a room and had to walk across the street to a higher security jail to eat their meals, prisoners held at this jail were there a waiting their trial. Camp Parks was a minimum-security Federal work camp. After Michael's two short years in prison, he is now a financial innovator and devotes himself to different charities. Timothy McVeigh was born on April 23, 1968. On April 19, 1995 Timothy McVeigh parked a Ryder Truck on N.W. 5th street in Oklahoma City right outside of the Alfred P. Murrah Building. At 9:00 McVeigh lit a bomb inside the truck that would turn lives upside down. The bomb went off at 9:02 killing 167 people and injuring around 500 others. He was 27 years old at the time and he really thought of himself as a hero. He was convinced that his act was to help defend the constitution. McVeigh was driving a vehicle without a license plate and was pulled over on I-35 right after the bombing. After other things were dug up about fines that Timothy did not pay, they then took him into custody, not knowing they had the man who just set a bomb off just minutes before. He was then booked in the county jail which at the time was in Perry, Oklahoma. Within just a few short hours they realized they had the man who set the bomb off and McVeigh's life was going to change forever. On July 13, 1999 he was then moved to a Federal Penitentiary in Terre Haute, Indiana. Terre Haute is a care level 3 facility and prisoners with health issue that were not major enough to be hospitalized were sent to USP. The facility was established in 1940 and built on 1,126 acres. All inmates are allowed seven days a month for visit days and 300 minutes of telephone each month. The design of the building was like a telephone pole affect with all housing and the other facilities open up to the main corridor. In 20041 a new USP was built on another piece of land nearby and the old facility is now a medium-security facility. McVeigh's lethal injection was the first one ever by the U.S. government and the first federal execution in 38 years. On his last day, McVeigh was given the meal of his choice as long as it didn't cost over $20 and no alcohol. After his meal he was then given 4 final hours before his execution. He was given three injections, the first one was to knock him unconscious, the second one stopped his lungs from working, and the third injection made his heart stop. Timothy McVeigh was pronounced dead on June 11, 2001 at 7:14 a.m. at the Federal Penitentiary in Terre Haute, Indiana. Here we see that there are several different types of correctional facilities. There's low level camps to maximum security camps each having a difference in the amount of movement they are allowed and different types of contact in reference to visitation. You notice a sweet animal loving business woman such as Martha Stewart who was a tenant herself in a Federal Prison Camp for something a minute as insider trading, in comparison to others such as Timothy McVeigh who may have seemed like an ordinary citizen to some but viewed himself as a hero and caused the death of over a hundred individuals and injured 500 others. Other individuals that have served time in these federal prison camps include; Michael Milken who was a very intelligent businessman as well as financier, an individual who was able to found his own private Jewish school, convicted of racketeering and fraud. Al Capone on another note was an individual who was a very powerful leader of organized crime. Capone was able to control the police and politicians who should have been convicted for much serious crimes but was simply convicted for concealing a deadly weapon. Capone can be compared to Manuel Noriega because both men were very powerful, Noriega was a very intelligent man who worked with the CIA for a long time, he was convicted of drug trafficking , racketeering and conspiracy. In short no matter who you are and what level of knowledge you obtain, the commission or involvement with any crime can land any individual in a penitentiary.

References:

CNN; (2014); Noriega Fast Facts; Retrieved from http://edition.cnn.com/2013/08/19/world/americas/manuel-noriega-fast-facts/
Ernst, C; (n.d.); The Manuel Noriega Trial (1991): Selected Links & Bibliography CNN; Retrieved from http://law2.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/noriegalinks.html
Alphonse Capone; (2014); The Biography.com website; Retrieved from http://www.biography.com/people/al-capone
Gomes, M.; (2008); Alcatraz; Retrieved from http://www.myalcaponemuseum.com/id51.htm Ocean View Publishing; (n.d.); Al Capone at Alcatraz; Retrieved from http://www.alcatrazhistory.com/cap1.htm
Linder, D. O.; (2011); Al Capone Trial (1931): An Account; Retrieved from http://law2.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/capone/caponeaccount.html
Bardsley, M. ;(n.d.); Al Capone: Chicago's Most Infamous Mob Boss; Retrieved from http://www.crimelibrary.com/gangsters_outlaws/mob_bosses/capone/arrest_21.html
Rosenberg, J.; (n.d.); Al Capone A Biography of the Iconic American Gangster; Retrieved from http://history1900s.about.com/od/people/a/Al-Capone.htm Federal Bureau of Prisons; (n.d.); USP Atlanta; Retrieved from http://www.bop.gov/locations/institutions/atl Federal Bureau of Prisons; (n.d.); The Rock Alcatraz Origins; Retrieved from http://www.bop.gov/about/history/alcatraz.jsp
Tzatzev, A; (2012); Take a Tour of America’s Cushiest Prison; Retrieved from www.businessinsider.com

FPC Alderson Inmate Handbook (2012); page 6; Retrieved from www.bop.gov
Turner Broadcasting System; (2014); CNN U.S.: Terry Nichols fast facts. Retrieved from http://www.cnn.com/2013/03/25/us/terry-nichols-fast-facts/
Biography; (2014); Retrieved from http://www.biography.com/people/john-gotti
Michael Milken; (2014);The Biography.com; Retrieved from http://www.biography.com/people/michael-milken http://articles.latimes.com/1988-03-24/business/fi-305_1_insider-trading http://www.bop.gov/locations/institutions/lof/