...The False Claims Act The False Claims Act, enacted by Congress in 1863 to protect the Union troops from profiteers providing shoddy goods and rotten food during the Civil War, prompted Abraham Lincoln's drive to empower private citizens with the ability to file suit on behalf of the government against corrupt contractors. The act was revitalized in 1986 to combat fraud in the defense contracting industry. Today, the False Claims Act is the government's principal weapon in the prosecution of health care fraud. One may be held either civilly or criminally responsible for knowingly or recklessly submitting a fraudulent claim to the government. The statute permits private citizens, or relators, to file a civil action against any entity or individual violating its provisions. Violators are subject to treble damages plus civil fines of not less than $5,500 but not more than $11,000 per claim. Under the criminal statute, false claims are punishable by fine or imprisonment of up to five years, or both, for knowingly submitting a false statement for reimbursement. To prevail under the False Claims Act, the government or its relator must establish that: the defendant presented or caused to be presented a claim to the government for payment or approval; the claim was false or fraudulent; and the defendant knew that the claim was false or fraudulent. "Knowing" means actual knowledge of false information, or acts in deliberate ignorance or reckless disregard of the truth or falsity of the...
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...RECOMMENDED SOLUTIONS TO ECON. 1266 MACROECONOMICS 2 FINAL EXAMINATION PAPER: SEMESTER | 2012. ,,1 HAVE INSERTED MY RECOMMENDED SOLUTIONS IN BOLD ITALICS AFTER EACH OF THE QUESTIONS ON THIS EXAMINATION PAPER." Question I For this question you can choose to answer either (A), or (B)' but NOT BOTH. A. Assume that the Asset Demand for money is relatively elastic or flat, and that the Investment Demand Curve, is relatively inelastic or steep. Compare and contrast the effect of an increase in Money Supply upon the overall level of economic activity, using both the traditional transmission mechanism, and in the IS'LM model. Are there any major differences between these 2 models? Your answer should include all relevant diagrams. (20 marks IN RELATION TO THIS QUESTION, STUDENTS WOALD BE EXPECTED TO IDENTIFY AND EXPILIIN THE TRADITIONAL TRANSMISSION MECHANISM AND BRIEFLY EXPLAIN ITS CONSTITUENT PARTS; NAMELY MONEY MARKET, THE INVESTMENT DEMAND CARVE, AND FINALLY THE 45 DEGREE LINE PRODUCT MARKET MODEL. THEY WOALD BE EXPECTED TO BRIEFLY DESCRIBE THE EFFECT OF AN INCREASE IN MONEY SAPPLY WHEN THE ASSET DEMAND CURVE FOR MONEY IS RELATIVLY FLAT AND THE INVESTMENT DEMAND CT]RVE IS RELATIVELY STEEP. BETTER ANSWERS WOALD EXPLAIN WHAT THE LATTER 2 SLOPES INDCATE ABOUT THE PARTICULAR MARKETS. ANSWERING THIS QAESTION STUDENTS SHOALD IDENTIFY THE 2 PARTICULAR WEAKNESSES THAT CHARACTERISE THE TRADITIONAL TRANSMISSION MECHANISM. THE ARTE THE 2 PROBLEMS...
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...WORLD RELIGIONS – REL 212 World Religions | WEEK 1INDIGENOUS | The term indigenous is a generalized reference to the thousands of small scale societies who have distinct languages, kinship systems, mythologies, ancestral memories and homelands. These societies comprise more than 200 million people throughout the planet today. | Origin of All Things | Most indigenous peoples have creation stories where they believe the Creator or Great Father in the Sky made the earth, the animals and all humans. | Nature of God/Creator | Many believe that they have lost touch or even forgotten about a Creator that their ancestors knew, but disobeyed. They believe the dark gods of the spirit world are the ones to be afraid of or to placate. Thus they believe that the Creator God, if there is one, is distant, removed and angry with them. | View of Human Nature | Humans are often seen as lost or wandering from a true path that was lost to the ancestors long ago. Humans are seen as capable of good or bad and under the influence of curses, vows, incantations, or evil spirits. In this sense, they may be animistic. Many have a special shaman or witch doctor who is supposed to help them connect to the spirit world. | View of Good & Evil | Good and evil are seen as forces that compete for dominance in a person and in the world. Sometimes there is an ethnocentric idea that ‘our’ group is the good one and all outsiders are ‘bad’. This idea can lead to wars and conflicts. | View of...
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...respondent public officials to publish, and/or cause the publication in the Official Gazette of various presidential decrees, letters of instructions, general orders, proclamations, executive orders, letter of implementation and administrative orders. Specifically, the publication of the following presidential issuances is sought: a] Presidential Decrees Nos. 12, 22, 37, 38, 59, 64, 103, 171, 179, 184, 197, 200, 234, 265, 286, 298, 303, 312, 324, 325, 326, 337, 355, 358, 359, 360, 361, 368, 404, 406, 415, 427, 429, 445, 447, 473, 486, 491, 503, 504, 521, 528, 551, 566, 573, 574, 594, 599, 644, 658, 661, 718, 731, 733, 793, 800, 802, 835, 836, 923, 935, 961, 1017-1030, 1050, 1060-1061, 1085, 1143, 1165, 1166, 1242, 1246, 1250, 1278, 1279, 1300, 1644, 1772, 1808, 1810, 1813-1817, 1819-1826, 18291840, 1842-1847. b] Letter of Instructions Nos.: 10, 39, 49, 72, 107, 108, 116, 130, 136, 141, 150, 153, 155, 161, 173, 180, 187,...
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...Abstract This paper studies the effect of managerial ownership on performance and the determinants of managerial ownership for small and medium-sized private companies. We use a panel of around 1300 firms in the German business-related service sector for the years 1997-2000. Managerial ownership up to around 80 per cent has a positive impact on firm performance (incentive effect); for higher shares the effect becomes negative (entrenchment effect). Moreover, risk-aversion of managers and signalling of f rm quality leads to a non- linear i relationship between managerial ownership and the risk exposure of a firm. The determinants of performance and ownership are estimated simultaneously. JEL Classification: G32; C23 Keywords: corporate governance, managerial ownership, firm performance, small and medium-sized enterprises. This paper was produced as part of the Centre’s Labour Markets Programme Acknowledgements We thank Bernd Fitzenberger, Steve Nickell and Marcia Schafgans for helpful discussions and Irene Bertschek, Dirk Czarnitzki, Ulrich Kaiser and Joachim Winter for useful comments. All remaining errors are our own. Elisabeth Mueller is a member of the Centre for Economic Performance, London School of Economics. Contact: E.Mueller@lse.ac.uk. Alexandra Spitz is a member of the Centre for European Economic Research (ZEW), Research Group Information and Communication Technologies, PO Box 103443, 68034 Mannheim, Germany. Contact: spitz@zew.de Published by Centre for Economic...
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...Peter Kaspersen TEKSTENS TRANSFORMATIONER En undersøgelse af fortolkningen af den litterære tekst i det almene gymnasiums danskundervisning Ph.D.-afhandling Dansk Institut for Gymnasiepædagogik Syddansk Universitet 2004 INDHOLDSFORTEGNELSE Indholdsfortegnelse Forord Første del. Forudsætninger Kapitel 1. Debatten om faget Fremtidens danskfag Litteratursynet i Fremtidens danskfag Danskfagets mangler Den litterære fronts modangreb En fagdidaktisk kritik Kapitel 2. Afhandlingens placering i debatten Samfundssyn Didaktiksyn Litteratursyn Inspirationen fra Fremtidens danskfag Inspirationen fra litteraturteorien Inspirationen fra systemteorien Dannelsessyn Utraditionel dannelse Sammenfatning af første del Anden del. Teorier Kapitel 3. Den sociokulturelle udfordring Vygotsky Bakhtin Hvorfor ikke sociokulturalisme? Kapitel 4. Amerikansk litteraturpædagogik Klasserummets dialog Fortolkningens instanser Læsercentrerede teorier – og derudover Kapitel 5. Systemteori Bruner iagttaget af Luhmann 1 1 3 4 6 9 10 13 13 16 21 22 24 28 31 34 36 38 38 39 44 48 50 50 57 61 68 68 Systemteoriens grundlæggende paradoks Kommunikationsbegrebet Meningsbegrebet Systemteoretisk uddannelsesteori Interaktionssystemet undervisning Systemteori og danskundervisning Videns- og læringsformer. Stokastiske processer Systemteoretisk kunstteori Det selvprogrammere(n)de værk Kunstsystemets historie Litteratur og undervisning Kritik af Luhmanns systemteori Kapitel 6. Pædagogisk forskning Klasserumsforskning...
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...Answer Key Transparencies Provides transparencies with answers for each lesson in the Student Edition ISBN 0-07-828001-X 90000 9 780078 280016 PQ245-6457F-PO1[001-019].qxd 7/24/02 12:18 PM Page 1 TF06 Manish 06:BOOKS:PRD:PQ245_64575F FINAL DELIVERY:PQ245-01: Chapter 1 Solving Equations and Inequalities Lesson 1-1 Expressions and Formulas Pages 8–10 1. First, find the sum of c and d. Divide this sum by e. Multiply the quotient by b. Finally, add a. 2. Sample answer: 3. b; The sum of the cost of adult and children tickets should be subtracted from 50. Therefore, parentheses need to be inserted around this sum to insure that this addition is done before subtraction. 4. 72 5. 6 6. 23 7. 1 14 Ϫ 4 5 8. Ϫ2 9. 119 10. 0 11. Ϫ23 12. 18 13. $432 14. $1875 15. $1162.50 16. 20 17. 3 18. 29 19. 25 20. 54 21. Ϫ34 22. 19 23. 5 24. 11 25. Ϫ31 26. 7 27. 14 28. Ϫ15 29. Ϫ3 30. Ϫ52 31. 162 32. 15.3 33. 2.56 34. Ϫ7 35. 25 1 3 36. about 1.8 lb 37. 31.25 drops per min 38. 3.4 39. 2 40. 45 ©Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 1 Algebra 2 Chapter 1 PQ245-6457F-PO1[001-019].qxd 7/24/02 12:18 PM Page 2 TF06 Manish 06:BOOKS:PRD:PQ245_64575F FINAL DELIVERY:PQ245-01: 41. Ϫ4.2 42. 5.3 43. Ϫ4 44. 75 45. 1.4 46. Ϫ4 47. Ϫ8 48. 36.01 49. 2 yϩ5 2 b 2 1 6 50. a 51. Ϫ16 52. 30 53. $8266.03 ...
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..., .- Preface This guide has been designed to present the very basics in bookkeeping and cooperative financial statements. The format is designed for those that have limited bookkeeping or accounting experience. It is not meant to be all inclusive, but to provide guidance in developing the cooperative’s record keeping system and understanding financial statements. In most cooperatives, trained accountants will take care of the financial reports and more difficult accounts, such as depreciation expense. However, all board members should understand the bookkeeping functions and be able to interpret financial reports. By understanding all components of bookkeeping and the financial documents, the board will be better able to design an accounting system for their cooperative, maintain accurate bookkeeping records, and make prudent business decisions based on the financial reports. Practice exercises are included that should be completed after the sections on the daily journal and the general ledger and a final exercise at the end of the guideline. June 1998 Price: domestic45.00; foreign-$5.50 ~~- Contents Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . The Accounting System ............................................... .l FinancialReporting ..................................................... The Balance Sheet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...
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...1220.0 ANZSCO - Australian and New Zealand Standard Classification of Occupations First Edition, Revision 1 ANZSCO - Australian and New Zealand Standard Classification of Occupations First Edition, Revision 1 Bria n Pink Aus t r a l i a n Sta t i s t i c i a n Aus t r a l i a n Bur e a u of Sta t i s t i c s Geof f Basc a n d Gove r n m e n t Stat i s t i c i a n Sta t i s t i c s New Zea l a n d AUST R A L I A N BURE A U OF STAT I S T I C S / STATI S T I C S NEW ZEALA N D EMBA R G O : 11.30 A M (CANB E R R A TIME) THU RS 25 JUN 2009 ABS Catalogue No. 1220.0 © Commonwealth of Australia 2009 This work is copyright. Apart from any use as permitte d under the Copyright Act 1968 , no part may be reproduce d by any proce ss without prior written permission from the Comm onwea lth. Requests and inquirie s conce rning reproduction and rights in this publica tion should be addresse d to The Manager, Interme dia ry Manage me nt, Austr a lia n Burea u of Statistic s, Locke d Bag 10, Belconne n ACT 2616, by telephone (02) 6252 6998, fax (02) 6252 7102, or email: . In all cases the ABS must be acknowle dge d as the source when reproducing or quoting any part of an ABS publica tion or other product. © Crown Copyright New Zeala nd 2009 Statistics New Zeala nd gives no warra nty that the inform ation or data supplie d conta ins no errors. Howeve r, all care and dilige nce has been used in processing, analysing and extra tcing the informa tion. Statistics...
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...Applied Statistical Methods Larry Winner Department of Statistics University of Florida February 23, 2009 2 Contents 1 Introduction 1.1 Populations and Samples . . . . . . . . . . . 1.2 Types of Variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.2.1 Quantitative vs Qualitative Variables 1.2.2 Dependent vs Independent Variables . 1.3 Parameters and Statistics . . . . . . . . . . . 1.4 Graphical Techniques . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.5 Basic Probability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.5.1 Diagnostic Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.6 Exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 7 8 8 9 10 12 16 20 21 25 25 29 29 29 32 32 32 32 32 35 35 37 38 38 39 40 42 42 44 48 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Random Variables and Probability Distributions 2.1 The Normal Distribution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.1.1 Statistical Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.2 Sampling Distributions and the Central Limit Theorem 2.2.1 Distribution of Y . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.3 Other Commonly Used Sampling Distributions . . . . . 2.3.1 Student’s...
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...1 Теоретическая часть 2.1 Основные параметры системного проектирования WCDMA WCDMA представляет собой систему множественного доступа с кодовым разделением каналов и прямым расширением спектра (DS -CDMA), т.е. биты информации пользователя передаются в широкой полосе частот путем умножения исходного потока данных пользователя на последовательности квазислучайных битов (называемых чипами), являющиеся кодами расширения CDMA. Для обеспечения очень высоких скоростей передачи (до 2 Мбит/с) поддерживается использование переменного коэффициента расширения и мультикодовых комбинаций. Скорость передачи, равная 3,84 Мчип/с, приводит к занятию полосы приблизительно в 5 МГц. Системы DS-CDMA с шириной полосы около 1 МГц, например, IS-95, обычно называют узкополосными системами CDMA. Присущая системам WCDMA большая ширина полосы на несущей обеспечивает высокие скорости передачи данных пользователя, а также создает определенные преимущества в работе, например в каналах с повышенной многолучевостью. Не нарушая полученной лицензии на работу системы, оператор может иметь несколько таких несущих с полосой 5 МГц для увеличения пропускной способности, возможно, в виде ячеек иерархической структуры. Фактически такое разнесение несущих может быть реализовано и на 200 килогерцовой сетке приблизительно в полосе 4,4 и 5 МГц в зависимости от уровня интерференции несущих. WCDMA поддерживает самые разные скорости передачи данных пользователя, другими словами, концепция получения ширины полосы...
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...Government of India Ministry of Finance Department of Economic Affairs Public Private Partnership Projects in India Compendium of Case Studies c Government of India Ministry of Finance Department of Economic Affairs Public Private Partnership Projects in India Compendium of Case Studies December 2010 Public Private Partnership projects in India Compendium of Case Studies © Department of Economic Affairs All rights reserved Published by: PPP Cell, Department of Economic Affairs Ministry of Finance, Government of India New Delhi-110 001, India www.pppinindia.com Disclaimer This Compendium of Case Studies has been prepared as a part of a PPP capacity building programme that is being developed by the Department of Economic Affairs, Ministry of Finance, Government of India (DEA) with funding support from the World Bank, AusAID South Asia Region Infrastructure for Growth Initiative and the Public Private Infrastructure Advisory Facility (PPIAF). A consulting consortium, consisting of Economic Consulting Associates Limited (ECA) and CRISIL Risk and Infrastructure Solutions Limited (CRIS), commissioned by the World Bank, has prepared this compendium based on extensive external consultations. ECA and CRIS have taken due care and caution in preparing the contents of this compendium. The accuracy, adequacy or completeness of any information contained in this toolkit is not guaranteed and DEA,World Bank, AusAID, PPIAF, ECA or CRIS are not responsible...
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...01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 Step 7 A Judge Is Assigned to Hear the Case ❖ 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 N 30 L In the previous two chapters, we learned about the two attorneys in the courtroom drama, the prosecutor and the defense attorney. In this chapter, we turn our attention to the third member of the courtroom work group, the judge. We will learn what judges do and how they become judges. Then, we will look at judges’ discretion and how it affects their relationships with others. INTRODUCTION Judges are by far the most easily recognized member of the courtroom work group, both by their conspicuous robes and by their prominent position in the courtroom. They are also the subject of many stereotypes because the public wants to believe that judges combine patience, wisdom, and compassion to arrive at fair decisions, while they eschew the character flaws that sometimes form the basis of decisions by others, including prejudice, intolerance, favoritism, and hostility. Unfortunately, judges are human and their decisions occasionally reflect such a reality. One West Virginia judge, for example, became so enraged at a defendant who began cursing at him in court that he jumped down from his bench, tore off his judicial robe, and bit the tip off the defendant’s nose (Smith, 1998). He served five days in jail on state assault...
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...Preface During the past century, the impact of mathematics on humanity has been more tremendous than ever since Galileo's agonizing fight against the old establishment and the revolution which physics experienced after Newton's subsequent synthesis. At the beginning of the last century, mathematical ideas and techniques were spread to theoretical and applied physics by the influence of two of the greatest mathematicians of all times, D. Hilbert and H. Poincar6, being then at the zenith of their careers. Their ability to establish very deep at first glance often hidden connections between a priori separated branches of science convinced physicists to adopt and work with the most powerful existing mathematical tools. Whereas the 20th century really was the century of physics, mathematics enjoyed a well deserved reputation from its very beginning, so facilitating the huge impact it had subsequently on humanity. This reputation has been crucial for the tremendous development of science and technology. Although mathematics supported the development of weapons of mass destruction, it simultaneously promoted the advancement of computers and high technology, without which the substantial improvement of the living conditions humanity as a whole has experienced, could not have been realized. In no previous time the world has seen such a spectacular growth of scientific knowledge as during the last century, with mathematics playing a central role in most scientific and...
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...School of Innovation, Design and Engineering Bachelor Thesis in Aeronautical Engineering 15 credits, Basic level 300 Investigation of Different Airfoils on Outer Sections of Large Rotor Blades Authors: Torstein Hiorth Soland and Sebastian Thuné Report code: MDH.IDT.FLYG.0254.2012.GN300.15HP.Ae Sammanfattning Vindkraft står för ca 3 % av jordens produktion av elektricitet. I jakten på grönare kraft, så ligger mycket av uppmärksamheten på att få mer elektricitet från vindens kinetiska energi med hjälp av vindturbiner. Vindturbiner har använts för elektricitetsproduktion sedan 1887 och sedan dess så har turbinerna blivit signifikant större och med högre verkningsgrad. Driftsförhållandena förändras avsevärt över en rotors längd. Inre delen är oftast utsatt för mer komplexa driftsförhållanden än den yttre delen. Den yttre delen har emellertid mycket större inverkan på kraft och lastalstring. Här är efterfrågan på god aerodynamisk prestanda mycket stor. Vingprofiler för mitten/yttersektionen ...
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