...polices are ill-defined and in consistently applied. Facts: 1. 1995 Employment of relatives rule in included in General Operational Manual – Not all employee have access to it. Use of word “antinepotism” term used in this manual. 2. In 1998 employee hand book is published using “antinepotism” language. 3. 01/05/1999 Keith W. Walton applies for employment and declares that he had no relatives working in the company. He did not know of his uncle being hired at that time. 4. 04/30/1999 Keith W. Walton is hired as a helper 5. 2003 Employment of Relatives policy is inserted in employee handbook. 6. 10/2006 Confused supervisor tells employee not to worry after learning that he had a relative at work after he asked whether he was related by blood or marriage. 7. 11/02/2006 Termination of Keith Walton 8. Company has a well established and consistently enforced with past precedent examples of their “employment of relatives” policy which prohibits the hiring of relatives since 1995 9. Language of such a rule, use the word “may” (be discharged) as opposed to “shall” be discharged. Is in the handbook. Company’s Position. 1. Union is trying to obtain through arbitration what they fail to obtain during negotiations the repealing or change in interpretation of the policy relating to the employment of relatives. 2. Company argues long standing, consistent enforcement and well know antinepotism policy. 3. Company argues that language of the employee handbook “May” vs...
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...Current Internal Revenue Code,SEC. 267. LOSSES, EXPENSES, AND INTEREST WITH RESPECT TO TRANSACTIONS BETWEEN RELATED TAXPAYERS. 267(a) In General.— 267(a)(1) Deduction for losses disallowed.— No deduction shall be allowed in respect of any loss from the sale or exchange of property, directly or indirectly, between persons specified in any of the paragraphs of subsection (b). The preceding sentence shall not apply to any loss of the distributing corporation (or the distributee) in the case of a distribution in complete liquidation. 267(a)(2) Matching of deduction and payee income item in the case of expenses and interest.— If— 267(a)(2)(A) by reason of the method of accounting of the person to whom the payment is to be made, the amount thereof is not (unless paid) includible in the gross income of such person, and 267(a)(2)(B) at the close of the taxable year of the taxpayer for which (but for this paragraph) the amount would be deductible under this chapter, both the taxpayer and the person to whom the payment is to be made are persons specified in any of the paragraphs of subsection (b), then any deduction allowable under this chapter in respect of such amount shall be allowable as of the day as of which such amount is includible in the gross income of the person to whom the payment is made (or, if later, as of the day on which it would be so allowable but for this paragraph). For purposes of this paragraph, in the case of a personal service corporation (within...
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...COMPUTING MACHINERY AND INTELLIGENCE By A. M. Turing 1. The Imitation Game I propose to consider the question, "Can machines think?" This should begin with definitions of the meaning of the terms "machine" and "think." The definitions might be framed so as to reflect so far as possible the normal use of the words, but this attitude is dangerous, If the meaning of the words "machine" and "think" are to be found by examining how they are commonly used it is difficult to escape the conclusion that the meaning and the answer to the question, "Can machines think?" is to be sought in a statistical survey such as a Gallup poll. But this is absurd. Instead of attempting such a definition I shall replace the question by another, which is closely related to it and is expressed in relatively unambiguous words. The new form of the problem can be described in terms of a game which we call the 'imitation game." It is played with three people, a man (A), a woman (B), and an interrogator (C) who may be of either sex. The interrogator stays in a room apart front the other two. The object of the game for the interrogator is to determine which of the other two is the man and which is the woman. He knows them by labels X and Y, and at the end of the game he says either "X is A and Y is B" or "X is B and Y is A." The interrogator is allowed to put questions to A and B thus: C: Will X please tell me the length of his or her hair? Now suppose X is actually A, then A must answer. It is A's object in...
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...Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) The Agreement on TRIPS is an international agreement administered by the WTO that sets down minimum standards for many forms of intellectual property (IP) regulation as applied to nationals of WTO Members. It was negotiated at the end of the Uruguay Round of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) in 1994. The TRIPS agreement introduced intellectual property law into the international trading system for the first time and remains the most comprehensive international agreement on intellectual property to date. In 2001, developing countries, concerned that developed countries were insisting on an overly narrow reading of TRIPS, initiated a round of talks that resulted in the Doha Declaration. Specifically, TRIPS contains requirements that nations' laws must meet for copyright rights, geographical indications, industrial designs; patents; trademarks. TRIPS also specifies enforcement procedures, remedies, and dispute resolution procedures. Ratification of TRIPS is a compulsory requirement of World Trade Organization membership. TRIPS requires member states to provide strong protection for intellectual property rights. For example, under TRIPS: Copyright - Copyright terms must extend to 50 years after the death of the author. Computer programs must be regarded as "literary works" under copyright law and receive the same terms of protection. Patents - The agreement says patent protection must be...
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...Related Literature as a generic expression refers to all information which has substantial bearing on the study at issue whose source/s could be quoted appropriately. * Refers to books, periodicals, magazines, newspapers, legal reports and other published materials containing facts, laws, theories and documented observations. Related studies – refers to theses, dissertations and research studies substantially characterized by the presence of the following parts: research problem, hypotheses, objectives, related literature, methodology, findings, conclusions, recommendations and bibliography. Purpose: The review of related literature is the scholarly foundation of the study. It spells out whether there is sufficient documentary basis to pursue a problem which came to the attention of the student or there is none. The review of related literature serves the following purposes: 1. Generally, it provides the formal and scholarly data proving that there is sufficient reason to pursue the problem. 2. It provides a clearer understanding of the problem of the study, the circumstances surrounding the problem, and the approaches to pursue the study. 3. It provides the needed comprehensive information of underlying theories, concepts, and principles which are essential in developing the theoretical and conceptual frameworks. 4. It is the documentary proof that the current undertaking is filling-in a research gap. 5. It is the proof that the current undertaking...
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...10 Chapter 2 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE Introduction Presented in chapter 2 is a synthesis of research that supports the evaluation of the attendance policy and attendance program of Newport News Public Schools. Included in the chapter is a historical overview of attendance, the importance of attendance, overview of Newport News Public Schools, theoretical framework, causes or predictors of student absenteeism, descriptions of related attendance policies/ programs, and a review of perceptions and attitudes about attendance policies/programs as indicated by literature review. Historical Overview Early homesteading laws allowed the settlers free land on which to build schools. Schooling was perceived as the key to success for individuals and to the excellence of society (Mitchell, 1993). Free and compulsory education came to England and Wales following the Elementary Education Acts of 11 1870 and 1876, although not always on a full time basis. The Education Act of 1918 finally abolished half time schooling, and made elementary education entirely free and compulsory until the end of the term after the child's fourteenth birthday. Nevertheless, in most parts of the United States the problem of illegal absence dates from 1876 (Galloway, 1985). In the 1850s urban schools suffered from an extremely high turnover of students. Many students were needed at home to do many of the chores, especially if they lived on a farm. Other students worked outside of...
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...1a. Describe THOUGHTFULLY why it is important to understand the roles and functions of investment theory and social responsibility in a global economy. Ans.) The concept of social responsibility was not just conceptually valid, but could also be framed as a valid statistical construct. Social responsibility had been positively associated with financial outcomes. Typical socially responsible investors tilt their portfolios toward stocks of companies with high scores on social responsibility characteristics and shun stocks of companies associated with tobacco, alcohol, gambling, firearms, and military or nuclear operations. Analyzing 1992-2007 returns of stocks rated on social responsibility, study found that this tilt gave such investors an advantage over conventional investors. The study also found that shunning resulted in a disadvantage for such investors relative to conventional investors. The advantage from tilting toward stocks of companies with high social responsibility scores is largely offset by the disadvantage from the exclusion of stocks of shunned companies. Socially responsible investors can thus do both well and good by adopting the best-in-class method in constructing their portfolios: tilting toward stocks of companies with high scores on social responsibility characteristics but refraining from shunning stocks of any company. Social responsibility is an ethical ideology or theory that an entity, be it an organization or individual, has an obligation to...
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...Asian Journal of Medical Sciences 1(3): 94-96, 2009 ISSN: 2040-8773 © Maxwell Scientific Organization, 2009 Submitted Date: August 14, 2009 Acceptance Date: September 02, 2009 Published Date: November 25, 2009 Corresponding Author: A. Abubakar, Department of Human Physiology Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria 94 Relation of Body Mass Index with Lipid Profile and Blood Pressure in Healthy Female of Lower Socioeconomic Group, in Kaduna Northern Nigeria 1A. Abubakar, 1M.A. M abruok, 2A.B. Gerie, 3A.A. Dikko, 4S. Aliyu, 1T. Yusuf, 3R.A. Magaji, 1M.A. Kabir and 1U.W. Adama 1Department of Human Physiology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria 2Department of Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Teaching Hospital Shika, Zaria, Nigeria 3Department of Human Physiology, Bayero University Kano, Nigeria 4Department of Biochemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria Abstracts: In Nigeria 30 million people suffer from this hypertension which is the main risk factor for stroke, and renal failure. Elevated levels of triglyceride, cholesterol and LDL-C are documented as risk factors for atherogenesis. LDL-C in its oxidized or acetylated form has been identified as a major atherogenic particle. Fifty two women between 19-32 years of age attending Primary Health Care center (PH C) in Kaduna and its environment were use in this study. Their height, weight and systolic and diastolic blood pressures were recorded. Body Mass Index (BMI) was calculated by using their...
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...Related Studies The MIRDC offers scholarships to help the needs of their own employees. This includes of scholarships for academic achievement, financial need, diverse and unique backgrounds, specific major and career choices. Who can avail their scholarship? MIRDC employees can avail their scholarship program who are planning to finish and to develop their studies. The MIRDC company is committed to improved relations, communications, understanding, and trade between their employees. SCHOLARSHIP CRITERIA & CONSIDERATIONS An applicant must: 1. Belong to any of the following: a. professionals doing research or those from industry b. newly graduated students c. on-going MS/PhD students in priority S&T fields and DOST network schools Be a Filipino citizen; Not be more than 45 years old at the time of application; Be in good health condition; Have passed the admission requirements for graduate studies at any of the DOST identified institutions; and Have passed the interview and other screening procedures. Interested applicants must submit the following documentary requirements: 1. Information Sheet 2. Birth Certificate 3. Certified True Copy of the Official Transcript of Records 4. Endorsement from two former professors 5. If employed, must be recommended by the head of agency or institution 6. Medical Certification from the licensed physician indicating his PRC License No. as to health status 7. Valid NBI Clearance 8. Certification of Admission Sheet...
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...ABSTRACT This report attempted to describe and explain the relationship between parents’ socioeconomic status and pupils’ educational attainment using a case study approach. The objectives of the study were: to estimate the relationship between parents’ educational level, income level and occupations; with pupils’ educational performance in their mock examinations leading to PLE in St Jude Malaba primary school in the year 2010. Data for the study was collected through the use of questionnaires for pupils, interview with teachers and head teachers, documentary analysis of the school records and observation. Both qualitative and quantitative methods of study were used. The researcher used Tables, charts and Pearson’s correlation to describe and analyze quantitative data while qualitative data was analyzed on the basis of themes. The results showed that there was a positive correlation between the parents’ level of education, income and occupation with pupil’s educational performance. Fathers’ education was significant at 0.804 while mothers’ educational level was significant at 0.641. Parent’s level of income was significant at 0.875 and Parents’ occupation was significant at 0.757. These findings are consistent with the concept of social reproduction by Pierre Bourdieu (1986), Annet Lareau (2003) and Randall Collins. The researcher concluded that parent’ low socioeconomic status impacted negatively on pupils’ performance, through denying the children access to resources...
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...System software such as an operating system controls the execution of programs. System software supports all application programs. For example, a user using an application program such as Microsoft Word clicks on the save icon to tell Word to save a document. In this process, Word does not communicate with the printer, but rather request the operating system to print the document. A block diagram of this process is illustrated in the figure. Examples of system software: operating systems, communication control programs, interpreters, compilers, debuggers, text editors, linkers, loaders. 2. APPLICATION SOFTWARE – these programs are used to accomplish specialized tasks for computer users. These tasks are related to professional and personal needs of the user such as creating documents, sending e-mail,...
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...SOCIAL CONTROL • What is Social Control? In sociological dictionaries, “social control” is defined to include all social processes, institutions and methods that produce (or attempt to produce) conformity or regulate the individual and collective conduct of its members. Social control refers generally to societal and political mechanisms or processes that regulate individual and group behavior, leading to conformity and compliance to the rules of a given society, state, or social group. Many mechanisms of social control are cross-cultural, if only in the control mechanisms used to prevent the establishment of chaos or anomie. Some theorists, such as Émile Durkheim, refer to this form of control as regulation. Sociologists identify two basic forms of social controls: 1. Internal Control- Internalisation of norms and values by a process known as socialization. Socialization is defined as "“the process by which an individual, born with behavioral potentialities of enormously wide range, is led to develop actual behavior which is confined to the narrower range of what is acceptable for him by the group standards.” 2. External Control- External sanctions, which can be either positive (rewards) or negative (punishment). These sanctions come from either formal or informal control. While the concept of social control has been around since the formation of organized sociology, the meaning has been altered over time. Originally the concept simply referred to society’s ability...
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...Why do parents become involved in their children’s education? We begin our review of non-economic literature by presenting theories of why parents of school-aged children become involved in their child’s education. What are the relevant process variables according to research in psychology, sociology, and education, that motivate the decision by parents to become involved, and why does this involvement positively influence educational outcomes? According to the psychological model proposed by Hoover-Dempsey & Sandler [1995], three (dynamic) constructs primarily influence parents’ involvement decisions: 1. The parents’ understanding of their role in the child’s life: what they believe that parents are supposed to do in relation to their children’s education and educational progress. Parents become involved in schools if they hold the belief that they should be involved. 2. The parents’ sense of efficacy for helping their child succeed in school: do parents believe that their involvement can exert a positive influence on children’s educational outcomes? 3. The general invitations, demands, and opportunities for parental involvement by both the child and the child’s school: do parents perceive that the child and the school want them to be involved? Scholars in this field have constructed scales, rooted in psychologic role and efficacy theories and assessed for reliability, that allow scholars to rank parents with respect to their role construction and their sense of efficacy; ...
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...Related Literature The proponents gathered some information that is related in the proposed study entitled, “Payroll System for United Auctioneers Incorporated” to have a guide and background in developing a system. Local. According to Ramon Faloran (2008), in the article “The Computer Edge of the New Employment and Opportunities” that he wrote in the Philippine Daily Inquirer. He stated that: “Computer gives you a different feeling about what is happening in the company. Business will be highly competitive and innovative because the computer provides instant information.” According to Ms. Stephanie Manalaysay (2010), in the essay she wrote in www.studymode.com. She stated that: “Payroll processes are the perfect place to begin when looking to control costs. New developments in software, such as allowing the integration of payroll system info into existing HR systems, mean you can look beyond traditional ERP options.” Junald Astronomo Lagod (2010) stated that: “Any small business owner can tell you that paying employees involves a lot more than writing a check every two week. There are dozens of laws governing employee compensation. If you don’t want to run afoul of various government agencies, you have to be well organized and stay up to date on federal and state guideline.” Gabriel Esteban (May, 2012) stated that: “Payroll systems are simple to use, easily affordable and compliant with all new tax laws. These systems can be programmed to calculate taxes and deductions...
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...THE MANAGEMENT BIBLE TEAM LinG - Live, Informative, Non-cost and Genuine ! TEAM LinG - Live, Informative, Non-cost and Genuine ! THE MANAGEMENT BIBLE BOB NELSON PETER ECONOMY John Wiley & Sons, Inc. TEAM LinG - Live, Informative, Non-cost and Genuine ! Copyright © 2005 by Nelson Motivation, Inc. & Peter Economy, Inc. All rights reserved. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey. Published simultaneously in Canada. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning, or other wise, except as permitted under Section 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without either the prior written permission of the Publisher, or authorization through payment of the appropriate per-copy fee to the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, (978) 750-8400, fax (978) 6468600, or on the web at www.copyright.com. Requests to the Publisher for permission should be addressed to the Permissions Department, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030, (201) 748-6011, fax (201) 748-6008. Limit of Liability/Disclaimer of Warranty: While the publisher and author have used their best efforts in preparing this book, they make no representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this book and specifically disclaim any implied warranties...
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