...understand the former one while they find a semantic equivalent “qi” in their mother language, but the latter one’s (one) is empty. According to the “semantic equivalence hypothesis” by Ijaz (1986), learners always intend to copy all grammar and communication function, except for pronunciation and spelling. From the linguistics aspect, learner can hardly find a precise substitute in their mother language. Therefore, how to master the use of SP efficiently becomes a challenge for English learners. In the view of traditional schools of linguists, the mean of words are arbitrary (Saussure,**), that is to say, the various meanings of SP and their various collocations with other classes of words are ruleless and idiomatic. Thus, English classroom teachers merely regard SP as a class of polysemous words and list the meanings for students to memorize. With no doubt, students cannot master the usage of SP effectively and the traditional teaching method, translation method, cannot be suitable any more. As the human cognition of the...
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...School Context, Student Attitudes and Behavior, and Academic Achievement: An Exploratory Analysis Theresa M. Akey, Ph.D. January 2006 This paper was funded by the William T. Grant Foundation and the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. Principal funding for First Things First comes from the Institute of Education Sciences, U.S. Department of Education. Additional support to supplement the core project comes from the Ford Foundation, the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, the William T. Grant Foundation, and the Ewing Marion Kauffman Foundation. A grant from the Pew Charitable Trusts for MDRC’s research methodology initiatives was an important source of funding for the First Things First Classroom Observation Study. Dissemination of MDRC publications is supported by the following funders that help finance MDRC’s public policy outreach and expanding efforts to communicate the results and implications of our work to policymakers, practitioners, and others: Alcoa Foundation, The Ambrose Monell Foundation, The Atlantic Philanthropies, Bristol-Myers Squibb Foundation, Open Society Institute, and The Starr Foundation. In addition, earnings from the MDRC Endowment help sustain our dissemination efforts. Contributors to the MDRC Endowment include Alcoa Foundation, The Ambrose Monell Foundation, Anheuser-Busch Foundation, Bristol-Myers Squibb Foundation, Charles Stewart Mott Foundation, Ford Foundation, The George Gund Foundation, The Grable Foundation...
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...International Online Journal of Educational Sciences, 2011, 3(2), 411-423 www.iojes.net Pedagogical Competences – The Key to Efficient Education Andreia Irina SUCIU1 and Liliana MÂŢĂ21 Abstract The aim of our study is to provide a holistic representation of pedagogical skills closely related with current approaches in the field of professional competence for the teaching career. The paper covers three dimensions from the perspective of pedagogical competences. The first dimension is on the definition of pedagogical competence. The concept of pedagogical competence tends to be used with the meaning of minimum professional standard, often specified by law, which should raise a person in fulfilling a particular role of the teaching profession. The second dimension is based on representative taxonomies and highlights current pedagogical competences. The taxonomic classification, which we provide below only refers to the basic competences involved in the based role of a teacher to lead one of the educational activities with students. The third dimension is represented by a proposal in a narrow framework of a holistic representation of pedagogical competences for the teaching career. In the holistic view, we delineate two broad categories of pedagogical competences in accord with current approaches: general pedagogical competence and special pedagogical competence. After analyzing the pedagogical competences taxonomies, we obtained a comprehensive and actual representation. This...
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... Language June 2011—Volume 15, Number 1 Classrooms as Complex Adaptive Systems: A Relational Model Anne Burns Aston University, Birmingham, UK, and University of New South Wales, Australia John S. Knox Department of Linguistics, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia Abstract In this article, we describe and model the language classroom as a complex adaptive system (see Logan & Schumann, 2005). We argue that linear, categorical descriptions of classroom processes and interactions do not sufficiently explain the complex nature of classrooms, and cannot account for how classroom change occurs (or does not occur), over time. A relational model of classrooms is proposed which focuses on the relations between different elements (physical, environmental, cognitive, social) in the classroom and on how their interaction is crucial in understanding and describing classroom action. Introduction Diane Larsen-‐Freeman’s...
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...FUTURE SCOPE 33 8. CONCLUSION 34 9. REFERENCES 35 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 Abstract Virtual Classroom represents an innovative shift in the field of learning, providing rapid access to specific knowledge and information. It represents an interface between the students and a professor and provides personalized learning materials to the users. It offers a possibility to the attendees to share different resources at once and work with them as if they were at the same place where (real) resources are. In the system design, we use agents as entities that work on different tasks in the system. A set of agents of the same type is responsible for handling different users and their requests. The cooperation among agents is established through the act of exchanging messages. A wide variety of classroom techniques are being advocated to increase learning: active learning, collaboration, integration of assessment and feedback. 1.2 Problem Definition Education will change tremendously within the next few years. The significance of life-long learning and life accompanying education raises the need for new teaching and learning technologies. Developing a virtual classroom system to promote a greater count of students to splurge into the field of education. It integrates the benefits of a...
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...authority in the classroom, transmitting knowledge to students "who do not know." In English as a second or foreign language education, a notion of the teacher as "facilitator" is considered to be more compatible with students' felt needs and autonomy. This paper argues that there are epistemological flaws in prominent rejections of transmission theories of learning. Drawing on British philosopher Michael Oakeshott's distinction between technical and practical knowledge, it argues for a modified understanding of the English teacher both as an authority capable of transmitting these types of knowledge in language, and as a facilitator of cooperative language learning. Introduction In the teaching of English as a second or foreign language today, the old pedagogical ideal of the teacher as an authority transmitting knowledge to students "who do not know" is in disrepute. The ideal now is for a more democratic, student-centered approach, in which the teacher facilitates communicative educational activities with students. This model reflects in part the influence of communication-based theories of language acquisition. But it also reflects, in large part, the influence of different pragmatist and progressive education theorists ranging from John Dewey (1916) to Malcolm Knowles (1970). Such an approach stresses the importance of learner autonomy and responsibility for the learning process, and attributes greater value to the learner's experience and knowledge in the classroom. However...
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...[pic] Department of Education and Training RESEARCH ON HUMAN LEARNING Published by the Department of Education and Training © State of Victoria, 2004 All rights reserved. Except under the conditions described in the Copyright Act 1968 of Australia and subsequent amendments, no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical and photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the copyright holder. Address inquiries to: Research and Development Branch Office of Learning and Teaching Department of Education and Training Level 2, 33 St Andrews Place GPO Box 4367 Melbourne 3001 Acknowledgments This resource has been developed by the Office of Learning and Teaching, Department of Education and Training, Victoria, 2004 Authors Sandra Mahar and Maddy Harford Contributions This publication was developed by the Research and Development Branch, Office of Learning & Teaching for the Department of Education and Training. Contents INTRODUCTION: THE IMPORTANCE OF LEARNING IN THE KNOWLEDGE ECONOMY 4 Defining Learning 5 Overview of the paper 6 THEORIES OF LEARNING 7 Cognitive Learning Theories 7 Social Learning Theories 7 Constructivist Theories 8 Experiential Learning 9 Adult Learning, or Andragogy 9 Multiple Intelligences 10 Situated Learning Theory and Communities of Practice 10 FACTORS AFFECTING...
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...Appendix 1: Literature Review Report to the Department of Education, Employment and Workplace Relations Scoping study into approaches to student wellbeing Literature Review PRN 18219 July 2008 Erebus International Australian Catholic University Table of Contents Appendix 1: Literature Review 1 Table of Contents 2 Executive Summary 4 Section 1: Project Overview 4 Section 2: What is Student Wellbeing? 5 Section 3: The Outcomes of Student Wellbeing and its Pathways 6 1. Physical and Emotional Safety 6 2. Pro-social values 7 3. A supportive and caring school community 7 4. Social and Emotional Learning 7 5. A Strengths-based Approach 8 6. A sense of Meaning and Purpose 8 7. A Healthy Lifestyle 9 Section 4: International Focus on Student Wellbeing 9 Section 5: Student Wellbeing in the Australian Educational Context 9 5.1: Australian Government National Frameworks in Education 9 5.2 Report on the of the Responses of State and territory and non-government education authorities to the Concept of a National Student Wellbeing Framework 11 5.3 Student Wellbeing in State and Territory Curriculum and Policy Documents 11 Section 6: Whole School Approaches to Student Wellbeing: Issues of School Leadership, Implementation and Sustainability of Student Wellbeing Initiatives 12 Section 1: Project Overview 13 1.1 Introduction 13 1.2 Project Objectives 13 1.3 Methodology 14 Section 2: Student Wellbeing and its Pathways 16 2.1 What is Student Wellbeing...
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...autoethnographic and life-history approach, Mike Hayler develops a theoretically informed discussion of how the professional identity of teacher educators is both formed and represented by narratives of experience. The book draws upon analytic autoethnography and life-history methods to explore the ways in which teacher educators construct and develop their conceptions and practice by engaging with memory through narrative, in order to negotiate some of the ambivalences and uncertainties of their work. The author’s own story of learning, embedded within the text, was shared with other teacher-educators, who following interviews wrote self-narratives around themes which emerged from discussion. The focus for analysis develops from how professional identity and pedagogy are influenced by changing perceptions and self-narratives of life and work experiences, and how this may influence professional culture, content and practice in this area. Autoethnography, Self-Narrative and Teacher Education Autoethnography, Self-Narrative and Teacher Education STUDIES IN PROFESSIONAL LIFE AND WORK The book includes an evaluation of how using this approach has allowed the author to investigate both the subject and method of the research with implications for educational research and the practice of teacher education. Audience: Scholars and students of education and the education of teachers, researchers interested in autoethnography and self-narrative. ISBN 978-94-6091-670-0 ...
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...LSRC reference Learning styles and pedagogy in post-16 learning A systematic and critical review This report critically reviews the literature on learning styles and examines in detail 13 of the most influential models. The report concludes that it matters fundamentally which instrument is chosen. The implications for teaching and learning in post-16 learning are serious and should be of concern to learners, teachers and trainers, managers, researchers and inspectors. Learning styles and pedagogy in post-16 learning A systematic and critical review LSRC reference Learning styles and pedagogy in post-16 learning A systematic and critical review LSRC reference LSRC reference Learning styles and pedagogy in post-16 learning A systematic and critical review Frank Coffield Institute of Education University of London David Moseley University of Newcastle Elaine Hall University of Newcastle Kathryn Ecclestone University of Exeter The Learning and Skills Research Centre is supported by the Learning and Skills Council and the Department for Education and Skills The views expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Learning and Skills Research Centre or the Learning and Skills Development Agency Published by the Learning and Skills Research Centre www.LSRC.ac.uk Feedback should be sent to: Sally Faraday Research Manager Learning and Skills Development Agency Regent Arcade House 19–25 Argyll Street London...
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...Assignment on Managing Communication Submitted by: Mahbub Ahmed Foyez Level: 5 Reg no: 6114 Level 5 Unit : Managing communication Introduction The third largest supermarket in UK, J Sainsbury plc (Sainsbury’s) has been founded in 1869, and currently has 890 stores that consist of 547 supermarkets and 343 convenience stores. The company has 150,000 employees and serves more than 19 million customers a week (Company Overview, 2011, online). Sainsbury’s has a range of stakeholders to deal with. A stakeholder can be defined as “someone who has invested money into something, or has some important connection with it” (Chorley et al, 2008, p.2). According to Kozami (2002) stakeholders can be divided into two categories: internal and external. An internal stakeholder for the company is someone who works for the company and therefore is interested in various aspects of the business. External stakeholder, on the other hand, is someone who is interested in the performance and other aspects of the business, even though the individual does not work for the company. Sainsbury’s internal stakeholders can be external stakeholder of the company at the same time. For example, Sainsbury’s employees who also happen to be local residents are the type of individual who are internal and external stakeholders at the same time Task 1 – Research A) Sainsburys is a big organization in UK. They have a big range of stakeholder and they are...
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...development. It intends to qualitatively and quantitatively extend an educators’ skill set so that they are continually effective in the classroom. Like any other profession teachers must keep their skills sharp and updated as the educational system is only as good as its players. The key to this quality education for all students is the classroom teacher, but not just any classroom teacher (Killion & Harrison, 2006). Students must have skillful, highly effective teachers who have consistent access to ongoing professional development (Sparks & Hirsch, 2000; Guskey, 1997; Guskey, 1998; Maldonado, 2002). NCLB offers broad guidelines for effective professional development acknowledging the integral nature of ongoing professional development that seeks to insure teachers continually possess the knowledge and skills necessary to successfully perform their duties (Lauer & Dean 2004). NCLB requires all 50 states to provide “high-quality” professional development that will ensure every teacher is both highly qualified and highly effective. The federal government’s definition of high-quality professional development includes activities that improve and increase teachers’ academic knowledge, are part of school and district improvement plans, provide teachers the knowledge to meet state content standards, are sustained, intensive and classroom focused, support the recruiting, hiring and training of high quality teachers, expand teachers’ understandings of effective instructional...
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...How can we answer questions about creation and origins? Learning from religion and science: Christianity, Hinduism, Islam and Humanism – Year 9 About the unit This unit suggests activities that can be used in teaching and learning about creation and origins. It can be adapted to local circumstances and for different age groups. It illustrates the provision of the non-statutory national framework for religious education (RE) and can be used or adapted to deliver an agreed syllabus or other guidelines. This unit focuses on creation and origins of the universe and human life and the relationship between religion and science. It aims to deepen pupils’ awareness of ultimate questions through argument, discussion, debate and reflection and enable them to learn from a variety of ideas of religious traditions and other world views. It explores Christianity, Hinduism and Islam and also considers the perspective of those who do not believe there is a god (atheists). It considers beliefs and concepts related to authority, religion and science as well as expressions of spirituality. Pupils have opportunities to discuss, question and evaluate important issues in religion and science. They also have opportunities to reflect on and evaluate their own beliefs and values, and the beliefs and values of others, in relation to questions of truth and purpose. This unit can be adapted for other religions – using responses from other religious traditions to the key questions, including accounts...
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...© Kamla-Raj 2011 Int J Edu Sci, 3(1): 37-48 (2011) The Classroom Problems Faced Teachers at the Public Schools in Tafila Province, and Proposed Solutions Mohammad Salem al-amarat Faculty of Education, Tafila Technical University, Tafila, Jordan KEYWORDS Behavioral Problems. Academic Problems. Teacher. Jordan ABSTRACT The study aimed to identify the classroom problems that faced teachers in public schools in Tafila province, and the proposed solutions. The samples of the study were 196 teachers from the public school in Tafila province. By using questionnaire to collect the data, the results of the study show that the mean of the behavioral problems was 2.66, and the mean of the academic problems was 3.08. Also, the researcher found that statistical significant differences refer to interaction between gender, level of school, and teaching experience in the behavioral problems for male in the basic school, those with work experience less than 5 years. Also, there are no statistical significant differences between gender, level of school, education degree, and teaching experience in the academic problems. The study did give some recommendations. INTRODUCTION Traditionally, teachers are encouraged to believe that the learning environment must be orderly and quiet. For some principals, a quiet classroom means effective teaching. With the growing movement toward cooperative learning, however, more teachers are using activities in which students take an active role. Sharing...
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...DOES THE USE OF TECHNOLOGY IN THE CLASSROOM INCREASE STUDENTS‟ OVERALL ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE? A Thesis Presented to the Faculty in Communication and Organizational Leadership Studies School of Professional Studies Gonzaga University Under the Supervision and Mentorship of Dr. Heather Crandall In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Arts in Communication and Leadership Studies By J. Mariah Brown December 2011 Technology in the Classroom 2 Abstract Technological advances and a decrease in the cost of technology have resulted in nearly 93 percent of public schools classrooms in the United States having access to the Internet, and a considerable increase in educational programs that incorporate technology into the curriculum (North Central Regional Educational Laboratory, 2005). Due to the prevalence of technology in the classroom, the effectiveness of such programs has become a prevailing research topic amongst social scientists. This thesis reviews past research and provides an analysis of relevant studies conducted within the last ten years. Using Daft and Lengel‟s media richness theory as a basis, this meta-analysis provides a comprehensive overview of the effect of technology enhanced learning (TEL) programs on K-12 students‟ overall academic performance and factors that can increase the effectiveness of such programs. Technology in the Classroom 3 Technology in the Classroom 4 Table of Contents CHAPTER I:...
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