...Anglo-Spanish relations was slow and gradual as they became less than open and cordial. This was hardly surprising given the religious differences between a Protestant England and Catholic Spain, although joint suspicion of the Guises was sufficient to keep the two powers reasonably friendly. Despite this, relations dropped markedly in 1568 as a result of the issue of sovereignty and crises that ravaged the Netherlands. It is true that Elizabeth did much to antagonise the Spanish during these years of conflict, although there are many instances where her policy towards Spain was nothing more than a reaction to circumstance. It can, therefore, be argued that Spanish actions, as well as other influencing factors such as religion, contributed significantly to the deterioration of Anglo-Spanish relations between the years 1558 and 1568. The cracks in Anglo-Spanish relations first began to appear after the 1568 trading activity of English naval commander John Hawkins. This trading activity was perceived by the Spanish as an English attempt to break the extensive Spanish trading monopoly and therefore a direct threat to their authority and prosperity. As a result, the Spanish launched a blockade of Hawkins’ fleet. What followed was a ‘tit-for-tat’ approach to foreign policy by both Elizabeth and Philip. It may be argued that this chain of events is proof of Elizabeth’s reactionary foreign policy as a result of Spanish actions that lead to the decline in Anglo-Spanish relations. Despite...
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...To what extent was the development of the post-Stalin thaw in superpower relations between 1953-62 the result of Khrushchev’s policy of peaceful coexistence? 1953 saw the death of Stalin and thus a change in leadership from a one-man dictatorship to a collective leadership composed of Malenkov, Khrushchev, Molotov, Bulganin and Beria. This occurred shortly after Eisenhower won the US presidential election in 1952. As a result, there was a change in leadership on both sides, which naturally had a large effect on the progress and course of the Cold War. The period that followed the death of Stalin and the election of Eisenhower was one of general improvement of superpower relations and therefore the period is named the ‘Thaw’. Some believe that this was due to Khrushchev’s policy of peaceful coexistence, which he brought about due to various factors such as mutual nuclear destruction and the fact that each superpower’s sphere of influence had effectively been officially consolidated giving relations a new degree of stability. Others say that it was Eisenhower’s New Look policy that brought about this development, while some simply believe that it was the general change in leadership on both sides that caused the newfound stability in superpower relations. Khrushchev’s policy of peaceful coexistence can be seen to result in several developments that gave hope to the West that accommodation and agreement could be reached between the two superpowers and thus allowed for more...
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...the world and making efforts to survive in a competitive and uncertain economic environment. This study will help to improve dividend decisions of corporate sector through proper implementation of their dividend policies. This paper is an attempt to explain the effect of dividend announcements on stock prices of chemical and pharmaceutical industry of Pakistan. A sample of twenty five companies listed at KSE-100 Index is taken from the period of 2001to 2010. Results of this study is based on Fixed and Random Effect Model which is applied on Panel data to explain the relationship between dividends and stock prices after controlling the variables like Earnings per Share, Retention Ratio and Return on Equity. Results indicate that Cash Dividend, Retention Ratio and Return on Equity has significant positive relation with stock market prices and significantly explains the variations in the stock prices of chemical and pharmaceutical sector of Pakistan while Earnings per Share and Stock Dividends have negative insignificant relation with stock prices. This paper further shows that Dividend Irrelevance Theory is not applicable in case chemical and pharmaceutical industry of Pakistan. Keywords: Cash or Stock Dividends, Stock Price, Fixed and Random Effect Model, Dividend Irrelevance Theory Proceedings of 2nd International Conference on Business Management (ISBN: 978-969-9368-06-6) Effect Of...
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...Statistical Result of Scenario One: The iPhone is misplaced and needs to be located This was the scenario where the user had misplaced the device at home location and hence the iPhone was needed to be located. The conditions were that the iPhone was at home location but was misplaced and needed to be located. There are now two conditions in the scenario: the iPhone is online and the iPhone is offline. The success rate of the results for this scenario is computed in the following table of statistical result: The iPhone in the offline mode did not seem to respond efficiently when the network was completely available. Out of ten test attempts, five test attempts were a failure. The preceding table explains the same. The iPhone is not efficiently responding when the mobile data connection...
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...price. Many studies had been conducted in context to the relation between the exchange rate and stock prices, some studies even have analyzed the relation by considering some of the other variables (like FDI, interest rate, inflation rate ect), to see if these variables have any influence on the fluctuating exchange rate and stock prices. The current literature provides year by year explanation about the Different opinions and arguments of various researches on the relationship between exchange rate and stock prices. For the easy understanding the chapter will be divided into two sections. The first section will cover all the research papers published prior to 1990's. one can observe that most of the studies in section one had established the relationship by measuring the exposure from fluctuating exchange rates to stock prices, so we will name this part as “literature review on measuring the exposure'. And in second section; we cover all the research papers which are published after 1990's and one can observe that some of the studies have established the relation by measuring the causal relation between the exchange rate and stock prices, so we would name the second part as” literature review on measuring the causality relation between the exchange rate and stock prices'. The reason for considering empirical evidence from these two model in our literature is because; as many of the previous studies, to establish the relation between the exchange rate and stock prices, have considered...
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...user instructs the system to perform the sequence of operation on the database to compute a desired result. In a non-procedural Language, the user describes the information desired without giving a specific procedural for obtaining the information. Relational Algebra Definition It is a procedure language. It consists of a set of operations that take one or more relations as input and produce a new relation as a result. The fundamental operations of relational algebra are select, project, union, set difference, Cartesian product and rename. Other operations are: Set intersection, natural join, division and assignment. • The basic set of operations for the relational model is known as the relational algebra. These operations enable a user to specify basic retrieval requests. • The result of retrieval is a new relation, which may have been formed from one or more relations. The algebra operations thus produce new relations, which can be further manipulated using operations of the same algebra. • A sequence of relational algebra operations forms a relational algebra expression, whose result will also be a relation that represents the result of a database query (or retrieval request). Keys • Let K ( R where K is a superkey of R if values for K are sufficient to identify a unique tuple of each possible relation r(R) – by “possible r” we mean a relation r that could exist in the enterprise we are modeling. – Example: {customer-name, customer-street}...
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...Public Relations Journal Vol. 2, No. 2, Spring 2008 © 2008 Public Relations Society of America How Blogs and Social Media are Changing Public Relations and the Way it is Practiced Donald K. Wright & Michelle D. Hinson1 This article reports on a three-year-long international survey of public relations practitioners examining the impact blogs and other social media are having on public relations practice. Findings show these new media are dramatically changing public relations. Results indicate blogs and social media have enhanced what happens in public relations and that social media and traditional mainstream media complement each other. The study also finds the emergence of blogs and social media have changed the way their organizations communicate, especially to external audiences. Findings suggest social media complement traditional news media, and that blogs and social media influence coverage in traditional news media. The study reports blogs and social media have made communications more instantaneous by encouraging organizations to respond more quickly to criticism. Introduction David Meerman Scott (2008), an online thought leadership and viral marketing strategist, says, “one of the coolest things about the Web is that when an idea takes off it can propel a brand or a company to seemingly instant fame and fortune” (p. 8). Scott also points out that although communicating via the Web usually is free – as opposed to purchasing space through traditional...
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...Kaplan University IT234 Unit 4 Jennifer Polisano 1. In the General Hardware Corp. relational database as shown in Figure 4.1 (pp. 71–72) above: a. How many foreign keys are there in each of the six relations? Answer 1a: There are between three and six foreign keys in each of the six relations. b. List the foreign keys in each of the six relations. Answer 1b: Starting from top left and continuing down, they are Salesperson Number, Salesperson Name, Commission Percentage, Year of Hire, Office Number; Customer Number, Customer Note, Salesperson Number, HQ City; Customer Number, Employee Number, Employee Name, Title; Product Number, Product Name, Unit Price; Salesperson Number, Product Number, Quantity; Office...
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...Prabhand: A Journal of Economics and Management Vol. 3 Issue 1 January 2014, ISSN 2278-0629 EXAMINING THE RELATION OF PERSONALITY FACTORS AND DECISION-MAKING STYLES OF HAKIM SABZEVARI UNIVERSITY MANAGERS FATEMEH BAHRAMI*, MOHAMMAD AMIRI*, ESLAM PARANDVAR* *Hakim Sabzevari University, Assistant Professor at Department of Educational Psychology, Sabzevar, Iran. **Hakim Sabzevari University, Department of Educational Psychology, Sabzevar, Iran. ***Hakim Sabzevari University, Department of Educational Psychology, Sabzevar, Iran. Pinnacle Research Journals http://www.prj.co.in 46 ABSTRACT The present study was conducted in order to examine the relationship between the personality traits and the decision making styles of the managers of Hakim Sabzevari University. The statistical population includes all the managers of Hakim Sabzevari University who are in-charge of different positions. The number of managers is seventy people, 60 subjects based on Morgan Table were selected using simple random sampling method. The instruments used in the present study are Scott and Bruce General Decision Making Styles Questionnaire (1995) and NEO personality traits questionnaire. In order to analyze the data, description and inferential statistics including Pearson, step by step regression, t test, unidirectional ANOVA and Tokay follow-up test were used. The results indicated that: the marital and single status did not affect the decision making styles of the manager and...
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...the table structures for the entities shown in Figure P1.1. The structures should contain the attributes specified in the ERD. Use data types that would be appropriate for the data that will need to be stored in each attribute. Enforce primary key and foreign key constraints as indicated by the ERD. ****d on the referential integrity constraints, you should be able to identify a correct sequence in which to create the tables. The key point is that due to referential integrity constraints, the table contributing its PK as a FK must be created before the related table containing the FK. Database Schema Definition, Basic Constraints, and Queries Data Definition, Constraints, and Schema Changes CREATE TABLE -Specifies a new base relation by giving it a name, and specifying each of its attributes and their data types (INTEGER, FLOAT, DECIMAL(i,j), CHAR(n), VARCHAR(n)) - A constraint NOT NULL may be specified on an attribute CREATE TABLE DEPARTMENT ( DNAME VARCHAR(10) NOT NULL, DNUMBER INTEGER NOT NULL, MGRSSN CHAR(9),...
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...textbook used by that class is Database Management Systems, 3rd Edition by Raghu Ramakrishnan and Johannes Gehkre; some of the material below may be specific to that text. This document is provided in the hope that it is useful, but I can’t provide any assurance that any information it contains is in any way accurate or complete. Corrections or additions are welcome. Distribution Terms: This document is released into the public domain. Query Evaluation External Sorting • A DBMS frequently needs to sort data (e.g. for a merge-join, ORDER BY, GROUP BY, etc.) that exceeds the amount of main memory available. In order to do this, an external sort algorithm is used. • 2-Way External Merge Sort: – In the first pass, each page of the input relation is read into memory, sorted, and written out to disk. This creates N runs of 1 page each. – In each successive pass, each run is read into memory and merged with another run, then written out to disk. Since the number of runs is halved with every pass, this requires log2 N passes. Since an additional initial pass is required and each pass requires 2N I/Os, the total cost is: 2N( log2 N + 1) – Thus, we can see that the number of passes we need to make is critical to the overall performance of the sort (since in each pass, we read and write the entire file). Furthermore, the number of runs that we start with also determines the number of passes that are required. – This algorithm only requires 3 buffers: 2 input buffers (for the merging passes)...
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...influence of corporate governance quality on market value of 154 Brazilian listed companies in 2002. In order to obtain a proxy for corporate governance quality, a broad governance index was built. The investigation was carried out through different econometric approaches in increasing order of complexity, including multiple regressions by Ordinary Least Squares (OLS), instrumental variables approach and systems of simultaneous equations. The results obtained in all econometric approaches show a positive and significant influence of corporate governance quality on firm’s market value. OLS results with market value variables Tobin’s Q and PBV multiple suggest that, ceteris paribus, a worst-to-best change in governance quality would result in a market capitalization increase of around 85% and 100%, respectively. The paper also finds evidence of corporate governance variable endogeneity and proposes different instruments for estimation by instrumental variables approach. Moreover, results by simultaneous equation approach indicate a relation of...
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...Xolani Mazibuko xmazibuko16@gmail.com Xolani Mazibuko xmazibuko16@gmail.com A comprehensive view of South African race relations. A comprehensive view of South African race relations. Race relations in South africa Social Psychology assignment 1 Race relations in South africa Social Psychology assignment 1 Table of contents Contents 1. Introduction: 2 2. The impact of Social cognition and schemas on race relations: 2 3. Role of attribution and attitudes in understanding race relations: 5 4. Impact of prejudice and discrimination on race relations: 7 5. Social influence: how it impacts race relations in South Africa 10 6. Conclusion: 11 Reference list: 12 1. Introduction: When speaking of racial relations, one is referring to types of behaviours which are exhibited by individuals after being in contact or interacting with people of various physical and cultural characteristics. (Balandier, 1956). Race relations debates have very prevalent in countries all over the world, South Africa being no exception. Due to the diverse nature of the county’s population, the topic of race relations still continues to dominate discourse in democratic South Africa. Since 1994, the citizens of South Africa have strived to eradicate racism and hostile racial relations. However, it has not been smooth sailing to move beyond racial lines as a source of division. In fact, the racial nuances still cling on stubbornly as race becomes a daily tormentor, making it very difficult to...
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...internal strengths and JUSTIFIED in relation to the market research | |Grade: 1 | |The school has been awarded multiple grade: 1’s which shows it is at the top of its league, the best at what it does. The fact that| |they have been awarded Grade:1’s means that there is no room for improvement. Gosforth academy still improved even though it was | |awarded Grade:1, there is no higher award but the school was said to be outstanding, but in the intro is stats that not only is the| |school outstanding but it is expiry, the school that other schools should look up to. | |Satisfactory | |There is not a single satisfactory grade for any part of Gosforth academy, there are even only 2Grade:2’s, the fact is the school | |is always above average. The marks of Grades are, there are 8 topics that are graded, the school achieved 2, Grade: 2’s, and 6 | |Grade: 1’s which is the highest in Newcastle, and the school is the biggest in Newcastle, these are both great for the reputation | |for the school. The school will never be satisfactory in any topic because it takes pride in improving, and showing off its | |results....
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...RELATIONS CONSULTANCY Overview In the modern days public relations services are also hired by way of consultants so as to keep the company image steady and strong. The students will be explained the definition of a public relations consultant besides evaluating the advantages and disadvantages of such an exercise., We will also study the ethics of public relations with special reference to the professional conduct and character of the public relations consultant. Moreover, the students will also be told about the market and its related dilemmas as well as the public relations role in educating the market. Definition of A PR Consultant? " It is the provision of specified & creative services by an individual or a group of individuals qualified to do so by reason of experience and training by way of professional fees paid for its services by clients under an agreed contract." Advantages Of A PR Consultancy ·It is an independent advisor, able & willing to criticize. ·It has wide experience gained with many clients requiring diversity of techniques. ·It is familiar with more media than the staff PR manager. ·It has more facilities & has access to specialist services with whom good working relations are enjoyed, like printers, photographers, research units, translators etc. ·It has skilled specialist staff. ·It may have central urban location close to media, venues for receptions & suppliers of services. Disadvantages ·It is remote from the internal organization of clients...
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