...Negin Ektefaie Dr. Odom 383 L TU 8 AM Urinalysis: What’s in your urine? Introduction The urinary tract consists of two kidneys, two ureters, one bladder and one urethra. Its major function is to remove waste products from our bodies and help regulate the volume and composition of blood by the production and excretion of urine. This drainage system is carried out by nephrons, the functional unit of the kidney, in three subsequent steps: filtration, reabsorption and secretion. When blood enters the renal artery of the kidneys, the blood plasma is filtered by blood pressure forcing fluid across the glomerulus capillary membranes. Glomerular filtration creates a plasma-like filtrate of the blood. Filtrate moves through the proximal convoluted tubules (PCT) Nephron loop distal convoluted tubules (DCT), where reabsorption and secretion occurs. Useful solutes, such as water, glucose, and electrolytes are removed from the filtrate by tubular cells; and nitrogenous wastes are removed from the blood and added to the filtrate. The concentrated urea is called tubular fluid. Water conservation takes place in the collecting ducts, where water is removed and returned to the blood, further concentrating the urine. Urine travels from the kidneys through two thin tubes called ureters and fills the bladder. When the bladder is full, a person urinates through the urethra to eliminate the waste. The composition of urine can fluctuate with dietary intake and metabolic activity. It contains...
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...CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION Definition Obesity is a medical condition in which excess body fat has accumulated to the extent that it may have an adverse effect on health, leading to reduced life expectancy and/or increased health problems. People are considered obese when their body mass index (BMI), a measurement obtained by dividing a person's weight in kilograms by the square of the person's height in metres, exceeds 30 kg/m2. Obesity increases the likelihood of various diseases, particularly heart disease, type 2 diabetes, obstructive sleep apnea, certain types of cancer, and osteoarthritis. Obesity is most commonly caused by a combination of excessive food energy intake, lack of physical activity, and genetic susceptibility, although a few cases are caused primarily by genes, endocrine disorders, medications or psychiatric illness. Evidence to support the view that some obese people eat little yet gain weight due to a slow metabolism is limited; on average obese people have a greater energy expenditure than their thin counterparts due to the energy required to maintain an increased body mass. Dieting and physical exercise are the mainstays of treatment for obesity. Diet quality can be improved by reducing the consumption of energy-dense foods such as those high in fat and sugars, and by increasing the intake of dietary fiber. Anti-obesity drugs may be taken to reduce appetite or inhibit fat absorption together with a suitable diet. If diet, exercise and medication are...
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...has increased the risk of infection and amputations. Diabetes wound care management is an important and fundamental aspect when it comes to diabetes teaching and education. Assessment of the feet daily and at a primary care office will provide information such as noncompliance, risks for neuropathy, peripheral vascular disease, macro-vascular disease, and possible amputation. Education provided by health care practitioners to the diabetic population will promote decrease in risk for further complications and the patient to be involved in their own care. Assessment, treatment, and education on wound care management with the involvement of the patient will increase the patient’s quality of life and be very beneficial to both the practitioner and the patient. Keywords: diabetic wound care management, diabetic ulcer care, outpatient diabetes management, diabetic care management Introduction Working in a primary care setting will involve a multitude of disease processes- diabetes mellitus being one of them. Diabetes is a disease that is characterized by high levels of blood glucose with a defect in insulin secretion and cell resistance. Without proper management, diabetes may lead to other issues in health. Examples of such, would be, delay in wound healing, leading to foot ulcerations, which thus increases the risk for amputations (Sheridan, 2012). There is an estimated 15.7 million Americans that are affected by diabetes, with an unknown number of people who have not been properly...
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...disabilities and challenging behaviour, where he was residing. Chris has been diagnosed with a learning disability (LD), which means that he has significantly. reduced ability to understand new or complex information and learn new skills (Department of Health, 2002). He has a reduced ability to cope independently due to recent leg amputation and the LD. Amputation is the surgical removal of a limb or body part (Mosquera, 2010). It was performed on Chris’s right leg above the knee to relieve the recurring pain caused by a severe case of peripheral artery disease (PAD). The PAD is a form of peripheral vascular disease in which there is partial or total blockage of an artery, caused by deposits of fat built up along its walls (Patient UK, 2010). He could not cope with his everyday life, because the limb was causing a lot of pain to him. The PAD compromised Chris’s blood supply to his right leg, which became gangrenous. The PAD is relatively easy preventable when noticed on time. The most effective treatment contains regular physical activity, high blood pressure and cholesterol lowering medications and low in saturated fats...
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...Business Plan Cover Sheet | Student Name: Twinkle lakhani Student ID: H00232405 Company Name: Pedal all the way (PATW) Course: C17EC Tutorial Group: Tutorial 8 I confirm that the work submitted is my own or that it reflects my contribution to a group submission. The submission is expressed in my own/the group’s words. Any uses made within this work of the writing of other authors or of any existing source is properly acknowledged, and a list of references used is included. The University Ethical Code of Practice and the Schools’ guidelines on plagiarism as contained within the SML handbook have been understood and followed.Student Signature(s): …………………………………………….Date: …………………………………………… | BUSINESS PLAN : PEDAL ALL THE WAY PEDAL ALL THE WAY ON PATH TO ALL DESTINATIONS PEDAL ALL THE WAY ON PATH TO ALL DESTINATIONS 2016 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 4 2. COMPANY OVERVIEW 4 3. PRODUCT AND/OR SERVICE 5 4. MARKET AND INDUSTRY ANALYSIS 6 5. MARKETING PLAN 7 6. OPERATIONS PLAN 9 7...
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...Marketing Plan: HUH Surgical Service Center of Excellence Submitted October 31, 2011 Marketing Plan: HUH Surgical Service Center of Excellence 0.1 Company Overview A private, nonprofit three hundred fifty-bed hospital, the institution is the nation's only teaching hospital located on the campus of a historically Black university. The rich tradition of leadership and service at HUH dates back to 1862. Over the course of its 145-year history of providing primary, secondary and tertiary health care services, HUH, a Level 1 Trauma Center also has a Center for Weight Loss Surgery, Cancer Center, Center for Sickle Cell, Diabetes Center, and a Heart Center. In April 2007, the Hospital ranked number one among selected area hospitals on 19 quality measures published by the U.S. Health and Human Services Department. The hospital has approximately thirty five hundred employees, which include physicians, Midwives, Nurse Practitioners, Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetist and other allied healthcare professionals such as Physician Assistants and Surgical Assistants. Since HUH is a teaching hospital, medical and surgical residents provide care to patients with oversight by the attending physician. The hospital runs and Average Daily Census (ADC) of approximately two hundred and two hundred and fifty patients per day. The Length of Stay (LOS) is approximately 4.5 to 5.0 days, which is high when compared...
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...High Fructose Corn Syrup: The New Scapegoat to Obesity Recently, the majority of the United States population has been increasingly concerned with the affect of the controversial issue surrounding high fructose corn syrup (HFCS) in their diet. Today, about 55 percent of Americans list the infamous sweetener among their food-safety worries, right behind mad cow disease and mercury in seafood, according to the consumer research firm NPD Group (Parker-Pope, 2010). It has caused a major stir in the media, nutritionist and dietitians, food manufacturers, corn refiners and above all, consumers. As a result, there have been opposing conclusions amongst researchers. Of course, there are always two sides of the story. Hence, researchers have conducted numerous and time-consuming lab experiments on rats and human subjects alike to contradict each other’s studies and conclusions. It is a matter of which side to believe and how reliable the information presented. For starter, research claims that HFCS is linked to obesity. However, on the other side of the spectrum, researchers claim that HFCS is nothing less than a table sugar in a liquid form and it actually provides many benefits to processed foods. Although they are in strong opposition, both seem to agree on one thing: Consumption of HFCS moderately may reduce obesity. In doing my research, I learned that high fructose corn syrup is not as dreadful as many inadequately informed consumers make it out to be. The key to...
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...Diabetes Working Group White Paper Avalere Health LLC on behalf of the Diabetes Working Group January 23, 2012 Table of Contents Authors.......................................................................................................................................... 3 Acknowledgments ......................................................................................................................... 4 Executive Summary ...................................................................................................................... 5 Provider Survey ......................................................................................................................... 6 Standards of Care Economic Model .......................................................................................... 7 Recommendations .................................................................................................................... 8 Care Management ................................................................................................................................ 8 Payment Reform ................................................................................................................................... 9 Workforce Supply ............................................................................................................................... 10 Background and Role of the Diabetes Working Group ............................
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...Neeraj’s USMLE Step-2 CS Notes The Perfect “Encounter”: A Strategic Approach to Communication & Interpersonal skills The encounter in a USMLE CS examination is between a non-physician medical educator (SP: Standardized Patient) and an examinee, who may be a medical student or a physician. SPs are defined as "a simulated or real patient who has been taught to present a problem so accurately that the simulation cannot be detected by a skilled clinician.” (1) These SPs will seem like real patients to you and should be treated as such during the USMLE examination. With this in mind, it is important to remember that good communication and interpersonal skills are a top concern for every patient. If you have a pleasing personality, patiently hear all of their dilemmas and concerns, and have good communication skills, it will surely create and maintain long lasting and conducive relationships with your patients. Before we talk about strategies to delineate an ideal and perfect encounter with a SP, we should know a few facts about the examination. First, what is the purpose of the examination? It is very interesting that this examination is structured to test your clinical skill proficiency and not the diagnosis that you arrive at. Three components of the report score: One must pass all three components in a single test administration. These three components are as follows: ICE (Integrated Clinical Encounter): assess data gathering and data sharing ability...
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...effective and efficient client care. * Clients of all ages and in any care setting. * Characteristics of Nursing Process * Problem solving method - client focused * Systematic- sequential steps * Goal oriented- outcome criteria * Dynamic-always changing, flexible * Utilizes critical thinking processes * ● Interpersonal – promotes nurse-client relationship● * Cyclical – continuous and promotes improvement of nursing care * Systematic problem - solving approach toward giving individualized nursing care. STEPS: * Assessment * Nursing Diagnosis * Planning and outcome identification * Intervention * Evaluation * ASSESSING PATIENT’S HEALTH STATUS Assessment * A systematic collection of subjective and objective data with the goal of making a clinical nursing judgment about an individual, family or community. * 1st phase of nursing process which involves systematic data collection , organization and validation, interpretation, and documentation of data. * Purpose of Nursing Assessment * To establish the client-nurse relationship. * To obtain information about the client’s health, including physiologic, socio-cultural, cognitive, developmental & spiritual aspects. * To identify actual & potential problems. * To identify health-promoting behaviors and actual and/or potential health problems. * Sources of data * Primary source–client or the major provider of information...
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...| VET223: Animal Diseases, Pathology and Immunology Research Project | Cassandra Reid | | | | Student number; 21611523 | December 4, 2013 | | Dirofilaria immitis Dirofilaria immitis otherwise known as canine heartworm disease. It is a parasitic worm that lives as an adult in the right side of the animal’s heart, and large blood vessels leading to the lungs. The mosquitoes are the intermediate host for heartworms. The female adult worms in the heart and vessels microfilariae in the blood, which are immature worms that can live up to three years. The mosquitos feeds on animals and ingest the microfilaria which matures in the mosquito for about two weeks to become an infected larva. When the mosquito feeds on another animal the microfilariae is passed to that animal. There the microfilariae the larva develops over three to six months, and migrate to the right side of the heart. About six months the larva develops into an adult worm. The adult worm can live up to seven years, and produce microfilaria which completes the life cycle. Heart worms a very serious health issue. Which can lead to right ventricular dilation, hypertrophy, heart failure, and death. Clinical signs can occur within six months or latter from the time on infected. The physical signs can be very mild to severe depending on the number of adult worms present. Which can range from coughing, difficulty breathing, and abnormal heart sounds to death. There are several tests that...
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...How can an activity with different religion be successful? For example, the Yoga style developed by Bikram has been widely accepted by Americans and the people all over the world now. As far as I am concerned, the reason why his Yoga style is successful is not because of the religion, but for its health properties, and its special exercise mode. People pay a lot more attention to the health recently. People try to find ways to keep their body healthy and strong to live in this competitive and stressful society. A lot of people hope to control their weigh especially women. Bikram’sYoga is precisely what they are looking for. Bikram stated that people can stretch their body easier and deeper in a hot circumstance. Also, in the temperature between 100 and 105 people can sweat more, which is a good way to consume more fat and cholesterol. While, Tara’s yoga style could not provide people such an efficient way to lose weight. This is the reason why Bikram’s branding strategy is more successful and can get more customers. Even though the price for the hot Yoga studio is pretty high, but the professional and efficient yoga exercise can still let the Bikram’s Yoga get more market share. As I said, female is the main target market, and women is playing an important role in the society now. There are19,015,900 people in New York City, and almost half of them are women. Besides, the percent of women in the Labor Force is 58.9%...
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...developed such astounding sales and loyalty among chip aficionados? Much of it has to do with Frito-Lay’s promotional plan, encompassing advertising, sales promotion, public relations, and personal selling. With a $30 million a year U.S. ad budget, Frito-Lay has plenty of opportunity to get its message of great-tasting snacks across to consumers. Frito-Lay has been a long-time repeat advertiser during the annual Super Bowl telecast, shelling out more than a million dollars for just one ad during the program. The vast audience provided by the Super Bowl telecast has proved to be an excellent launching pad for Frito-Lay’s new brands, such as Baked Lay’s Potato Crisps in 1995 and Lay’s Deli Style Potato Chips in 1998. Baked Lay’s went on to become the most successful new food product launch in the 1990s and the biggest-selling salty snack product ever. Realizing the natural link between salty snacks and beer and soda, Frito-Lay continues its successful sales promotional strategy of offering supermarket-friendly promotions with Pepsi-Cola products, its sister company, and Anheuser-Busch beer brands. Its combined promotion with Pepsi...
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...IHS Affirmative Observation One: Inherency 2 Advantage One: Health 5 Advantage Two: Indigenous Economy 9 Observation Two: Solvency 14 Only federal action can solve the case- denying Indian health care furthers an ongoing policy of American Indian genocide 17 Inherency – Lack of Funding 18 Inherency – Lack of Funding 19 Inherency – Lack of Funding 20 Inherency – Lack of Funding 21 Health Impacts – Disease/Death 22 Health Impacts – Disease/Death 23 Health Impacts – Disease/Death 24 IMPACT: Mental Health and Suicide 25 IMPACT: Mental Health and Suicide 26 Extensions to Genocide/Racism Impact 27 Extensions to Genocide/Racism Impact 28 IMPACT: Moral Obligation/Human Rights 29 Solvency Extension - IHCIA/IHS Solves 30 Solvency Extension - IHCIA/IHS Solves 31 Solvency Extension - IHCIA/IHS Solves 32 Solvency Extension - IHCIA/IHS Solves 33 Solvency Extension - IHCIA/IHS Solves for cultural sensitive health 34 Solvency Extension – Congress Key 35 Solvency Extension – Federal Government Key 36 A2: I.H.S. is Racist 37 A2: Transportation 38 A2: “Structural/Distribution Barriers” 39 A2: No Qualified Professionals 40 A2: Bureaucrats 41 A2: IHS has arbitrary eligibility standards 42 A2: Blood Quantum 43 A2: Medicaid Solves 44 AT: Medicaid Solves 45 AT: Medicaid Solves 46 A2: IHS doesn’t use traditional medicine 47 Tribal...
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...Running head: Electronic Medical Records (EMR) Electronic Medical Records (EMR) Student Names Florida Atlantic University College of Business Health Administration Program Dr. Attila J. Hertelendy Introduction to Health Care Systems HSA 6103 Electronic Medical Records (EMR) November 15, 2011 Table of Contents 2 Abstract ............................................................................................................................................3 Introduction ......................................................................................................................................4 Types of EMRs ................................................................................................................................4 EMR Technology ....................................................................................................................4 Practice Management ..............................................................................................................7 Vendors and Cost of EMR ......................................................................................................7 EMR Stimulus.........................................................................................................................8 Different Uses of EMR ....................................................................................................................9 Uses of EMR in Health Management .............................
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