... | |Managing | |Financial Records | |[pic] |[pic] | | | | |INTERNATIONAL |INTERNATIONAL RECORDS | |COUNCIL ON ARCHIVES |MANAGEMENT TRUST | Managing Public Sector Records: A Study Programme Managing Financial Records MANAGING PUBLIC SECTOR RECORDS A STUDY PROGRAMME GENERAL EDITOR, MICHAEL ROPER; MANAGING EDITOR, LAURA MILLAR Managing Financial Records International Records International Management Trust Council on Archives Managing Public Sector Records: A Study Programme Managing Financial Records © International Records Management...
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...LESSON 1 INFORMATION SYSTEMS MANAGEMENT Aims and outcomes Aims The aim of this session is to introduce and re-affirm your basic understanding of data, information and information systems. The discussions will lead you to develop an understanding of the concept of an organisation as a system. Further, you will examine the flows of decision-making and the sources of data used to make those decisions. Finally, we will consider the types of IS/IT required to support organisations at three different levels of decision-making - operational, tactical and strategic. This session provides the foundation for the remainder of the sessions. Learning Outcomes By the end of this lesson you will: • • • • Understand the use of data and decision-making at the different levels of a conceptual organisation. Understand the concepts of systems thinking to support business operations. Familiarize yourself with the vocabulary of strategy. Understand the importance of IT/IS as a strategic tool. Required Reading Chapter One – Foundations of Information Systems in Business Read through Chapter One Section 1 of the text book Read the Real World case study 2 – Lufthansa: Taking Mobile Computing to the Skies While Keeping the Mobile Workforce Connected. Student Activity Answer the questions at the end of the case study Post your answers onto the discussion board. Background Reading • • Here is the web address for a series of articles addressing knowledge and information management: http://www...
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...Many of these controls were accounting controls, such as budgets, standard costs, variance analysis etc. As organisations became more sophisticated, non financial controls were added. These controls included targets such as quality, waste, delivery lead-time, customer satisfaction etc. When other controls, such as those in respect of personnel, information systems, corporate policies, working practices etc. are added, the result is a system of management control, although often the components of the system lead to different behaviors. In his seminal work on the subject, Anthony (1965) defined management control as: “The process by which managers assume that resources are obtained and used effectively and efficiently in the accomplishment of the organisation’s objectives” His classic categorization of control was of three levels; strategic, management and operational which he saw as linked. In his work, management control was seen as the interface between strategic planning and operational control such that management control ensured that day-to-day operations were consistent with overall strategy and that strategy was implemented through day-to-day activities. Otley and Berry (1980) defined management control as monitoring activities and then taking actions in order to ensure that desired ends are attained. They developed their model of management control system as a cybernetic control process that involved four...
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...The Good Governance Standard for Public Services The Independent Commission for Good Governance in Public Services The Independent Commission for Good Governance in Public Services, chaired by Sir Alan Langlands, worked throughout 2004. Through two rounds of consultation, the Commission drew on the views of a wide range of people with experience of governance, and of service users and citizens, to produce the Good Governance Standard for Public Services. The Standard presents six principles of good governance that are common to all public service organisations and are intended to help all those with an interest in public governance to assess good governance practice. The Independent Commission for Good Governance in Public Services was established and supported by the Office for Public Management (OPM®) and the Chartered Institute of Public Finance and Accountancy (CIPFA), in partnership with the Joseph Rowntree Foundation. The Good Governance Standard for Public Services The Independent Commission on Good Governance in Public Services Good Governance Standard for Public Services © OPM and CIPFA, 2004 OPM (Office for Public Management Ltd) 252b Gray’s Inn Road London WC1X 8XG tel: 020 7239 7800 fax: 020 7837 5800 email: office@opm.co.uk web: www.opm.co.uk CIPFA (The Chartered Institute of Public Finance and Accountancy) 3 Robert Street London WC2N 6RL tel: 020 7543 5600 fax: 020 7543 5700 web: www.cipfa.org.uk ISBN: 1 898531 86 2 This book may not, in part...
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...self-assessment as a route to organisational excellence A Scottish Housing Association case study James Sheffield Comhairle, The Scottish Centre for European Public Sector Studies, University of Paisley, Paisley, Scotland, and 484 Siobhan White Division of Accounting and Finance, Glasgow Caledonian University Business School, Glasgow, Scotland Keywords Scotland, Housing, Financial management, Auditing, Corporate governance Abstract Control self-assessment (CSA) has been discussed as an audit technique, but little practical guidance is available in the UK on the subject. A limited number of public sector organisations have implemented it. This paper describes a case study of CSA implementation in a Scottish Housing Association. The case study details the decision processes that led to the choice of CSA as a favoured audit technique, and the development of CSA skills within the organisation. This paper examines the broader benefits of a CSA approach, in terms of performance management and employee empowerment. This paper also uses a cost benefit analysis to examine the efficacy of CSA for small organisations. Managerial Auditing Journal Vol. 19 No. 4, 2004 pp. 484-492 q Emerald Group Publishing Limited 0268-6902 DOI 10.1108/02686900410530493 Introduction West of Scotland Housing Association (WOSHA) is a provider of social housing, whose homes are rented to people who apply to the Housing Association to become members. Once an individual (or family) has become part of the Housing...
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...Scotland) Title (and reference number) Level Credit value Learning outcomes The learner will… 1 Understand the cost recording system within an organisation Basic Costing 2 (Level 5 in Scotland) 8 (4 knowledge and 4 skills) Assessment criteria The learner can… 1.1 K 1.2 K 1.3 K 1.4 K 1.5 K 2 Be able to use the cost recording system to record or extract data 2.1 K 2.2 K 2.3 S Explain the nature of an organisation’s business transactions in relation to its accounting systems Explain the purpose and structure of a costing system within an organisation Identify the relationship between the costing and accounting systems within an organisation Identify sources of income and expenditure information for historic, current and forecast periods Identify types of cost, profit and investment centres Explain how materials, labour and expenses are classified and recorded Explain different methods of coding data Classify and code cost information for materials, labour and expenses Classify different types of inventory as: Raw materials Part-finished goods (work in progress) Finished goods Calculate inventory valuations and issues of inventory using these methods : First in first out (FIFO) Last in first out (LIFO) Weighted average Use these methods to calculate payments for labour: Time rate Piecework rate Bonuses Explain the nature of expenses and distinguish between fixed, variable and semi-variable overheads Calculate the direct cost of a product or service Enter income and expenditure...
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...Processes and Functions Business processes and functions are very important for every company of their business. Functions are things that the organisation does such as production, sales, marketing, research and billing. Businesses have organised themselves around their functions, and functions divisions fail to recognise that many of the business processes that operate crow that artificial boundaries thus created. Business processes are the way that how to do and achieve the business functions. Business process is a set of related activities that collectively realise a business goal, and is a collection of related, structured activities that produce a specific service or product for the final consumer. Business processes also are valuable business assets, and companies need manage and maintain these business processes in the same way as any other assets, such as plant and machinery. Business processes can be divided into three types, which are management processes, operational processes, and supporting processes. Business processes are analysed by mapping of processes and sub-processes, which have their own attributes, down to activity level. Business processes are designed to add value for customer to increase effectiveness and efficiency. Business process orientation is a recent development in organising and can be described in term of an organisation that is oriented towards processes, customers and outcomes as opposed to hierarchies. A business process oriented organisation include:...
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...men, money, materials, machines, methods and markets. These are the six basic inputs in management process (six M's of management) and the output is in the form of achievement of objectives. It is the end result of inputs and is available through efficient management process. The term 'management' is used extensively in business. It is the core or life giving element in business. We expect that a business unit should be managed efficiently. This is precisely what is done in management. Management is essential for the conduct of business activity in an orderly manner. It is a vital function concerned with all aspects of working of an enterprise. Definitions of Management 1. According to George R. Terry, "Management is a distinct process consisting of planning, organising, actuating and controlling, performed to determine and accomplish stated objectives by the use of human beings and other resources". 2. According to Henry Fayol, "To manage is to forecast and to plan, to organise, to command, to coordinate and to control". 3. According to Peter Drucker, "Management is a multi-purpose organ that manages business and manages managers and manages workers and work". 4. According to Harold Koontz, "Management is the art of getting things done through and with people in formally organized...
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...Organisation structure Structure relates to a skeletal framework of activities and processes in an organisation and specifies the roles of these in achieving goals and objectives of the organisation. According to (Mullins, 2009), a good structure is highly important due to the fact that decisions on structure are primary strategic decisions which can make or break an organisation. One important aspect of a good structure is the human element. Organisation structure should be designed so as to encourage employees and increase the morale and job satisfaction of organisation members which will result to overall organisation efficiency. (Mullins, 2006) describes nine basic considerations in the design of organisation structure. The fundamental step is to define organisational objectives to enable further analysis and comparisons of other forms of structure. Clarification of objectives A clear definition of objectives is vital to provide a framework for the design of structure of an organisation. Organisation objectives provide fundamental schemes for division of labour and creation of group units and sub units. Clearly stated aims and objectives will assist in decisions on the strategy and structural dimension to employ to achieve organisational objectives. Task and element functions Certain functions must be performed in order to produce a good or service, from the development of the good or service to finance of resources used in the complete processing. These functions...
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...While outsourcing internal audit function in the private sector has been extensively Investigated by various researchers (Carey and Chua, 1999; Petravick, 1997; and Sharma and Subramaniam, 200l; amongst others), there is scant empirical data from the public sector. This study attempts to fill the gap by providing some preliminary evidence in food and beverages industry. Using responses from 3 firms which includes Dangote flour mills, UAC and Northern Nigeria flour mills plc, the study found that more than 85% of the respondents had either fully outsourced or co-sourced their internal audit function. Further, non-department entities were found to more likely to fully outsource their internal audit function than the departments. Lack of technological know-how and service quality of external providers seem to outrank cost-related factors as reasons for outsourcing. The study also raises several issues in relation to a lack of segregation of duties in the process of selecting and monitoring outsourced arrangements. Implications for policy setting and avenues for future research avenues are discussed. INTODUCTION In today’s business environment, outsourcing processes to a third party has become relatively commonplace. The practice gives organizations an opportunity to gain efficiencies, improve performance, lower costs, and focus on core competencies. Many businesses, however, fail to complete necessary due diligence work before the outsourcing relationship begins and neglect to take sufficient...
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...15:2 ISSN 0268-1072 Strategic exchange in the development of Human Resource Information Systems (HRIS) Carole Tansley and Tony Watson The potential of computerised human resource information systems (HRIS) is often not realised for several reasons. Taking a relational/processual rather than a systems approach, a case study of a global HRIS development project is examined using strategic exchange to highlight important social considerations of organisational, group and individual projects. As employing organisations and their environments become increasingly complex, their managers face growing difficulties in coping with workforces spread across various countries, cultures and political systems. Given such trends, information technologies have considerable potential as tools to be used by managers generally and in human resourcing functions particularly. But information technologies are not simple and uncomplicated tools to be picked up by managers and others and utilised without debate, reflection and contestation. They are tools that are used by human beings who have personal and group interests, values and identities to develop and defend. And, at a more structural level, there are numerous influences on the way that such technologies are incorporated into the strategies and plans of contemporary organisations. These include the changing structures of the organisation, the increase in partnerships and collaborations, the globalisation of markets and suppliers...
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...Introduction Information and communication technologies (ICT) refer to several forms of information exchange between two or more computers through any of the several methods of interconnection. These technologies provide speedy, inexpensive and convenient means of communication. The adoption of these technologies in many countries by different sectors of the economy have been found to have direct positive impact on the organizations's efficiency and have led to more rapid acceleration of development in these countries. In Nigeria, however, preliminary investigations show that only a few organizations in the economy have adopted the ICTs, but there has not been formal study to determine the level of adoption and impact on the efficiency of the organizations and the consequent effect on the nation's economy. This study, is therefore, designed to determine the level of adoption in the Nigerian organizations, and the impact on the operations of these organizations as well as investigating the factors responsible for the present level of adoption of these technologies in the organizations. Globalization of the social economy will further increase during the 21st century. The mission of international air transportation will become more important, and all airports around the world will have a significant role to play. Furthermore, it is predicted that air transportation demand in the world will double over the next 15 years. In the meantime, since the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks...
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...the labor cost as excess staff can be identified and thereby overstaffing can be avoided. 4) It also helps to identify the available talents in a concern and accordingly training programmes can be chalked out to develop those talents 5) It helps in growth and diversification of business. Through manpower planning, human resources can be readily available and they can be utilized in best manner. 6) It helps the organization to realize the importance of manpower management which ultimately helps in the stability of a concern. Objectives of manpower planning Assessing manpower needs for future & making plans for recruitments & selection. Assessing skill requirement in future. Determining training & development needs of the organisation. Anticipating surplus or shortage of staff & avoiding unnecessary detention or dismissal. Controlling wages & salary casts. Staffing Levels Staffing levels can change based on company growth, losses due to layoff or temporary and seasonal employment needs. The objective of manpower planning is to forecast staffing level needs and work with company managers to make sure each department...
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...promotes its employees. To implement this new strategic approach a human resource function should be introduced. The following describes four activities the human resource function will undertake in order to support the company’s expansion and success: Recruitment & Selection The purpose of recruitment and selection is to reduce the risk of poor selection and attract well qualified candidates to the job. Systematic planning and preparation will increase the likelihood of employing the right person for the job. Recruitment and selection is crucial to the organisations success and selection techniques such as psychological tests, practical tests and numeracy tests can be used to determine the best candidate for the job. Recruitment and selection activities include: employment law, job descriptions, personal specifications, advertising, applications, interviews, tests, references and acceptance/rejection letters. The implementation of a recruitment and selection process within the human resource function for Escape to the Wild would reduce the amount of work for the Finance Director and the finance section. The Finance Director would no longer have to issue all employment contracts freeing him to focus on more finance related activities. The finance section would spend less time on staff related issues they are not equipped to deal with and focus more on the financial side of the business. The Managers would also have clear guidance and support from...
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...IIBM INSTITUTE OF BUSINESS MANAGEMENT DISTANCE LEARNING PROGRAM PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICES OF MANAGEMENT ( IIBM - B101 ) www.iibmindia.in www.iibmonline.com Distance Learning Education, IIBM Institute of Business Management The ultimate vision of this Institute is to ensure that all working executives and each young manager must possess the requisite research-oriented-business-acumen and the competitive managerial excellence in successfully tackling the new emerging management-related-problems of the country in the changing global scenario. Individuals who look upon education as a continuing activity and wish to enhance their knowledge in an existing discipline or acquire proficiency in a new area are sure to benefit from the offered Programs. Distance Education is an attempt to make education accessible beyond the close confines of a classroom and to make it available to those who aspire and endeavor. The pedagogy used is interactive with cutting-edge techniques and innovation. This has gone long way to strengthen skills and expertise students to meet much-needed requirement of management students; in industry or society. The Institute pioneered and offers more than 40 programs in the field of Management, Computer, Six Sigma and SAP Training certification courses. We emphasis on imparting education to various genres of the society, right from Students to Professionals and Housewives to Businessmen. At IIBM we deal in keeping this flow up and building the...
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