...Zelio Logic 2 Smart Relay User Manual SR2MAN01 11/2007 Table of Contents Safety Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 About the Book . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Part I Initial Power up and Discovering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Chapter 1 Initial Power up and Discovering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Safety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Presentation of the Smart Relay Front Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Characteristics and Connections. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Control Keys on the Front Panel of the Smart Relay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Examples. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 17 19 20 23 Part II Functions Accessible from the Front Panel . . . . . . . . . 29 Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 4 Overview of the Functions Accessible from the Front Panel. . . . 31 Functions Accessible from the Front Panel of the Smart Relay . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 Input/Output Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 Inputs-Outputs Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 TEXT and DISPLAY screen . . . . ....
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...PROJECT REPORT ON FUZZY CONTROLLER BASED DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION SCHEME FOR POWER TRANSFORMER iii CONTENTS Page no. * ACKNOWLEDGEMENT (i) * CERTIFICATE (ii) * CONTENTS (iii) * ABSTRACT (iv) CHAPTER 1: 1.1 INTRODUCTION. 1.2 MOTIVATION FOR UNDERTAKING THE PROJECT. 1.3 AIMS AND OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECT. CHAPTER 2: REVIEW OF LITERATURE. CHAPTER 3: IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PROJECT. CHAPTER 4: DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS OF THE RESULT. CHAPTER 5: 5.1 DISCUSSION OF THE RESULT AND CONCLUSION. 5.2 DISCUSSION OF THE RESULT AND CONCLUSION. REFERENC iv ABSTRACT The power transformer is an essential component of electrical power system that needs continuous monitoring...
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...Programmable Logic Controllers: Programming Methods and Applications by John R. Hackworth and Frederick D. Hackworth, Jr. Table of Contents Chapter 1 - Ladder Diagram Fundamentals Chapter 2 - The Programmable Logic Controller Chapter 3 - Fundamental PLC Programming Chapter 4 - Advanced Programming Techniques Chapter 5 - Mnemonic Programming Code Chapter 6 - Wiring Techniques Chapter 7 - Analog I/O Chapter 8 - Discrete Position Sensors Chapter 9 - Encoders, Transducers, and Advanced Sensors Chapter 10 - Closed Loop and PID Control Chapter 11 - Motor Controls Chapter 12 - System Integrity and Safety Preface Most textbooks related to programmable controllers start with the basics of ladder logic, Boolean algebra, contacts, coils and all the other aspects of learning to program PLCs. However, once they get more deeply into the subject, they generally narrow the field of view to one particular manufacturer's unit (usually one of the more popular brands and models), and concentrate on programming that device with it's capabilities and peculiarities. This is worthwhile if the desire is to learn to program that unit. However, after finishing the PLC course, the student will most likely be employed in a position designing, programming, and maintaining systems using PLCs of another brand or model, or even more likely, many machines with many different brands and models of PLC. It seems to the authors that it would be more advantageous to approach the...
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...Power System Fault and Protection Page 1 Power System Fault Protection Per Unit Fault Protection Page 2 Per Unit Problem Computation for a power system having 2 or more voltage levels become cumbersome Need to convert currents to a different voltage level wherever they flow through a transformer Page 3 Per Unit Solution A set of base values is assumed for each voltage class All values express in per unit (i.e. no dimension) Page 4 Per Unit To completely define a per unit system, minimum 4 base quantities are required Voltage Current Impedance Power Page 5 Per Unit General Per Unit= Actual / Base Vpu=Vactual / Vbase Ipu=Iactual / Ibase Zpu=Zactual / Zbase Spu=Sactual / Sbase Sbase= Vbase Ibase Vbase= Ibase Zbase Page 6 Specific Example Page 7 Example Page 8 Example Page 9 Example Page 10 Example Page 11 Example Page 12 Example Page 13 Example Page 14 Example Page 15 Fault Cause of Fault Effect of Fault Fault Level Page 16 Causes of Faults Transient over voltages the failure of insulation, resulting in fault current or short-circuit current. Insulation aging External object tree branches bird Page 17 Effect of Fault Equipment be damaged due to overheating or insulation breakdown Generator Transformer Busbar Cable...
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...received and the signal is decoded and given to the Microcontroller, which uses this information for displaying the alert message in the LCD as programmed, simultaneously a buzzer alert is given. Block Diagram Transmitter[pic] Receiver [pic] HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS • Microcontroller Unit and Power Supply • LCD • Alarm unit • RF transmitter and receiver SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS • Embedded C • Keil Compiler LIST OF HARDWARE MODULES: MODULE 1: Power Supply for 8051 Microcontroller MODULE 2: Encoder MODULE 3: RF Transmitter MODULE 4: Decoder MODULE 5: RF Receiver MODULE 6: Relay...
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...equal to the diameter of switch / sensing face. For object other than M.S. apply suitable correction factor CORRECTION FACTOR : Apply following correction factor (%) when object is other than Mild Steel. MS 100 SALIENT FEATURES : 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) Repeat Accuracy Hysteresis Grade of Protection Enclosure LED Indication Ambient temp : : : : : : 0.02 mm 3-10% IP 67. For block type: IP 55 Metallic (Nickel-Chrome plated brass) / stainless steel / plastic. Provided. 70 0C max. 4 CAST IRON 110 ALUMINIUM 45 COPPER 40 SS 85 BRASS 50 3d d d FLUSH NON FLUSH INDUCTIVE THREE WIRE & FOUR WIRE DC SWITCHES : SERIES : IPS D3 These are three /four wire Switches (+ ve, -ve and output) working on 10-40 V DC. and directly drives DC Relay. These switches are compatible with PLC modules...
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...The Sonic Plaza is protected by the 1990 Federal Artist Rights Act which is a subset of the copyright law. Therefore, the piece has to be maintained in perpetuity since it is officially considered part of American and North Carolinian culture. It’s very instance, there are computers to maintain and upgrade, software to be written, and components to replace and possibly design. There are many ways to improve the whole system like, the sonic gates could more sync with the steps. They could use weight sensors on the steps which would allow the Arduino to sync with music system. This would allow the weight of person to activate the music system instead of person crossing the sonic gates. Water Wall functions on the solenoid contracting and release mechanism. Usually solenoids tend to get worn out .One way to improve is by changing the mechanism they work, using opto-isolator circuit. This will help eliminate noise and safe some voltage when solenoid contracts. Each of these operations uses a different form of technology, as the glockenspiel uses a MDI sensor. MDI is a port on a hub or switch used to connect to other switches without requiring crossover cables. The other type of software is the Arduino sensor, which is an open-source computer hardware company that design and manufactures kits for building digital devices and interactive objects that can sense and control the physical world. DMI and Arduino are both sensors but DMI is programmed based on timing of the day, whereas...
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...What are relays? Before, I talk about any particular relay – I think it is very important to clarify what exactly relays are? As per my understanding, relay is basically a type of electromechanical switch It has electromagnet and several other components in it. Relays works on electromagnetic principles. How relays work (theory) A relay basically has two parts (circuits). One part (circuit) is the actual switch, which basically acts as a control of the current to electromagnetic and the relay itself is controlled by electromagnet. A relay is basically an incomplete circuit when it is turned off. It has arm which we call "armature" which completes the circuit if and only if the electromagnet is present (electromagnet is produced if we allow the current using the first circuit thus creating an electromagnetic..). So, if we turn on the first part of the circuit which allows the current to flow and consequently, electromagnet is produced in the circuit which produces a magnetic field around it - This electromagnet attracts the armature coil towards itself thus completing the circuit. Thus, the circuit is now completed and current flows through the entire circuit. Of course, if we want to simply stop the circuit at any time, we can simply switch off the first part of the circuit which means no current in the first part of the circuit and as such the electromagnet is no longer magnetic and thus the armature coil goes back to its initial position and circuit is now again...
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...* DISPENSER * IR LEDS * SENSOR * INDICATOR * LAVATORIES * PHOTOTRANSISTOR * INFRARED * GALLIUM * ARSENIDE * PHOTORESISTOR(LDR) * RELAY * TELEGRAPH CIRCUIT * PROTECTIVE RELAY * IC BURNER DISPENSER One that dispenses or gives out, especially a machine or container that allows the contents to be removed and used in convenient or prescribed amounts. IR LEDS An IR LED, also known as IR transmitter, is a special purpose LED that transmits infrared rays in the range of 760 nm wavelength. Such LEDs are usually made of gallium arsenide or aluminium gallium arsenide. They, along with IR receivers, are commonly used as sensors. The appearance is same as a common LED. Since the human eye cannot see the infrared radiations, it is not possible for a person to identify whether the IR LED is working or not, unlike a common LED. To overcome this problem, the camera on a cellphone can be used. The camera can show us the IR rays being emanated from the IR LED in a circuit. SENSOR A sensor (also called detector) is a converter that measures a physical quantity and converts it into a signal which can be read by an observer or by an (today mostly electronic) instrument. For example, a mercury-in-glass thermometer converts the measured temperature into expansion and contraction of a liquid which can be read on a calibrated glass tube. A thermocouple converts temperature to an output voltage which can be read by a voltmeter. For accuracy...
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...Kilgore Manufacturing Case Report | | | Kilgore Manufacturing, Inc Case Background – Kilgore Manufacturing, Inc.: Kilgore Manufacturing, Inc. is a small manufacturing company based out of St. Louis area that is looking to expand their business. They operate within the aerospace industries that are currently bidding on new contracts related to the strategic defense initiative. Currently, they are betting against three different companies for a contract to produce R-7 relay switches. Whoever has the highest bid while producing over the limit amount of switches will win the bid. If awarded the contract a quota of 600 switches must be met each day, if not a $5000 penalty will be accessed. The companies’ usual profit margin is $3.80 per relay switch. KMI’s goal is to determine whether they should implement the new or the old R-7 production process. Additionally, what is the minimum daily production level needed to produce a profit $1000 per day. Analysis: Recently, based on a suggestion from a plant worker Kilgore manufacturing changed their production process. The original method produced an average of 635 units with a standard deviation of 40. Their lowest production in a day was 494 and highest was 768. They did a 60 day trial run using the new method to determine if indeed it was a more efficient process. See Figure 1 below with the daily results of the 60 day trial: New Method Figure 1 As predicted the new method did start off slow due to the steep learning...
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...SEQUENCE OF ELECTIRCAL OPERATION SEQUENCE OF ELECTIRCAL OPERATION The electrical sequence between a freezer and a cooler are wired almost the same except for a freezer has a defrost heater, defrost thermostat, and clock motor to be able to turn the compressor, evaporator and condenser fan motors off when the clock motor is in a defrost duration. When the clock motor clicks it stops sending power to the components I just listed above and then sends power through the thermostat and then to the defrost heater. Keep in mind every load as in the compressor and fan motors need a neutral. The reason we need a clock motor is to simply thaw the ice on the evaporator coil. When the evaporator coil thaws it creates water that drips onto the drain pan down the drain line. The drain line needs to have heat tape on it so the water in the line doesn’t freeze and eventually plug. And the reason the freezer will form ice as to where a cooler might just have some minor frost is because the temperature of the evaporator coil is lower than 32 degrees. So that is what’s different from the wiring to a cooler and a freezer. Now when the unit is plugged in and the thermostat is not calling for cooling, only the neutral from the plug will be powered to all of your loads. And the hot wire that comes from your plug to the clock motor is your switched hot, meaning when the thermostat rises on a rise in temperature it then sends power to the compressor and condenser fan. One thing that is the same between...
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...Electrical Symbols and Line Diagrams Chapter 3 Material taken from Chapter 3 of Electric Motor Controls, G. Rockis, 2001 One-Line Diagrams One-line diagram – a diagram that uses single lines and graphic symbols to indicate the path and components of an electrical circuit. One-line diagrams are used when information about a circuit is required but detail of the actual wire connections and operation of the circuit are not. 1 Line Diagrams A line (ladder) diagram is a diagram that shows the logic of an electrical circuit or system using standard symbols. A line diagram is used to show the relationship between circuits and their components but not the actual location of the components. Line diagrams provide a fast, easy understanding of the connections and use of components. Electric Motor Controls, G. Rockis, 2001 2 Electric Motor Controls, G. Rockis, 2001 Wiring Diagrams Wiring (connection) diagram – a diagram that shows the connection of an installation or its component devices or parts. Wiring diagrams show, as closely as possible, the actual location of each component in a circuit, including the control circuit and the power circuit. 3 Electric Motor Controls, G. Rockis, 2001 Manual Control Circuits Manual control circuit – any circuit that requires a person to initiate an action for the circuit to operate. A line diagram may be used to illustrate a manual control circuit of a pushbutton controlling a pilot light. A line diagram may be...
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...interaction plays an important role between these two class settings. Students in a traditional class setting have the abilit7y to listen to the instructor, talk about lessons, ask any questions that they may have, as well as take part and watch any demonstrations. In a traditional class, students are able to communicate with peers and professors before and after class, regarding any assignments, concerns, or grades. Online students typically communicate with instructors through emails or phone. Teachers may also be able to explain things better face to face, rather than through emails or over the phone. So students may not get the complete explanation this way. Also, in the case of any questions, the professor and peers won't be readily available to provide feedback on the spot, though effective professors will make themselves available through a variety of methods, which includes online office hours. Taking classes online typically allow students to work asynchronously, which means they can choose where and when they complete their coursework. This is often ideal for students who work or single parents who needs a flexible schedule. Online classes can also be a great approach to a college degree, for as long as a computer and internet access is available, course work can be accessed from anywhere (Sorensen,2007). Though, students who struggle to be self-motivated may find that they can quickly fall behind. Traditional class settings...
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...could stop them from doing what they had envisioned. Setting: It was like a dream, as if anything envisioned could be obtained. The reflective ground was like looking into a pool of rippling water, with every step it shook up the mirrored image of white clouds and blue sky that surrounded us. It bore such a close resemblance to what everyone describes heaven to be like. The only difference was this was ours for the taking. 2.) From my point of view the setting described allowed me to provide a more detailed and in depth description of the characters, as a picture is worth a thousand words – I was able to detail the thoughts, and feelings I saw fitting for each character. 1.) Character: Not caring about others opinions, the three friends had stopped acting as young adults and decided to let loose for a while. Smiling laughing and having the time of their life they all got lost in the moment, never knowing what was going to happen next whether it was a day, week, or even five minutes it didn’t matter. All that mattered was the joy they felt for the time being. Setting: It was almost too bright out as the sun’s rays beamed down on the concrete, the warm summer breeze compensated for the blistering heat. There wasn’t a cloud for miles and the streets normally busy with traffic were silent as if everyone else in the town had vanished. Everywhere you looked it was vacant, containing no signs of anything. 2.) In this images settings one would be able to explain what was happening more...
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...Describe the importance of Sheila's role in the play An inspector calls. Extracts from this document... Introduction Describe the importance of Sheila's role in the play.-Michael Rowell At the beginning Sheila was not one of the main characters as Birling takes centre stage. Setting on the play seemed revolved around the characters. The older furniture in the living room matched the aging and upper class type that is Birling. During the play Sheila is the only concerned and totally serious character to the situation. There are some well linked scenes in the play setting a mood for Sheila with the marriage, her husband to be Gerald. The pink light in the house makes Shila feel more relaxed as the set looks almost like a love scene. During the play, Sheila is the main link between the Inspector and the Audience. She constantly changes and develops as the Story is told. ...read more. Middle This sudden chance in language implicates how her attitude in the play is changing to a more mean and ruthless in her anguish towards their casual behaviour. The Inspector is a Catalyst in the character and emotions of Sheila, on impact hitting the house hold with shame. She is the most interested of people asking everyone what exactly they did, just like a second inspector who wants to put together the whole picture for the audience. Other example of this role is like when she spoke to Gerald. "What about this girl?" Her role is to be the girl that needs to know everything and gets the...
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