...Religion and Society Though, when a society is thought about it’s usually about the government, population, schools, and the people who live there. Religion is not usually the first thing on a mind of a person looking at a society or how that society is affected by the religion the country worships. Studies have shown that a secular nation, or a nation with a higher population of atheists than religious peoples have resulted in being a more peaceful nation. However, it has been said that a religious nation has higher rates of murder, teen pregnancy, abortion, sexual promiscuity and war. The things just listed are things that religious nations try so hard to prove are sin. If a religious nation says these things are a sin, then why do they have higher numbers of the societal ills than a nation with a higher number of Atheists? Religion may play a role in peoples’ lives, but religion should not be a part of our growing modern society. In 2009, the Global Peace Index did a study that compares our worlds countries by using six different sections concluding which countries are the most peaceful to the least peaceful. The sections of this study are: foreign war, internal conflicts, human rights, murders, prison population, and democracy. When the study came out, it was said that New Zealand was considered the most peaceful nation of our world. New Zealand is a mostly secular nation and the study shows that is why New Zealand is rated number one in the Global Peace Index’s study...
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...Mr. T. Campbell Religions Effect on Society For as long as humans have had the ability to reason, they have attributed the natural phenomenon of the world around them to deities, spirits, and supernatural forces. Religion has played a huge role in the development of societies and civilizations throughout history. It has been a guide for morals and principal. It has been a foundation of law for many cultures. The positive aspects of religion are recognized and cherished among its followers, however there are other effects, some well-known, and others ignored, that are not so positive. Just some examples of these effects are: wars, discrimination, control, the retardation of science, the denial of healthcare, and death. This argument seeks to research and describe some of the negative effects religion has had on mankind, and thus the world. Certainly the most notable negative impact on society is religious wars. A religious war or holy war is a conflict primarily caused or justified by differences in religion. The account of the conquest of Canaan by the Israelites in the Book of Joshua; the Muslim conquests of the 7th and 8th centuries; the Christian Crusades, 11th to 13th centuries; Wars of Religion, 16th and 17th centuries. These are the classic examples, but a religious aspect has been a part of warfare as early as the battles of the Mesopotamian city-states in 700BC. Throughout recorded history, more wars have been waged in the name of religion than any other reason....
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...history without religion being a major influence on society. For centuries women, men, and nations all around the world would follow the guidance of a scared leader. As the classical era in time declined, religion stepped in to focus on emphasising life, spirit and divine help. The government suffered with the issue of secrecy and uncertainty. Since the world relied solely on the promises the government made to its people, followers began to quickly drift to different religions to seek a sense of security and trust. With the people questioning their government, Christianity, Buddhism, and Islam became known as the three world religions. Each making a major impact on society, religion sometimes impacted the government in different ways. Religion took the power from the government which allowed them to blossom successfully, therefore, causing world religions to have a major impact on society everywhere. Buddhism, Christianity, and Islam all began when people felt as though they had no more guidance or...
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...Contreras Civilizations II Second essay October 9, 2013 The Role of Religion and Church during Medieval and Renaissance Society The role of religion and church was very influential during The Middle Ages and Renaissance society. They possessed a great deal of power that couldn’t be taken away by any ruler. In fact, the church was a counter to kings who wanted absolute power. Any king who wished to rule must have the church on his side. Opposing the church would lead to excommunication. Today this doesn’t sound like much, but at the time, excommunication translated to the downfall of one’s kingdom. The Middle Ages were a time in which everything was controlled by oaths. So for a king to oppose to the church meant that he was breaking the oath of allegiance he had with God. This resulted on the pope excommunicating the king. Now, everyone from the king’s subjects to his enemies could be freed from those oaths, and all of the allegiance with that particular king could be cancelled. This means that anyone could rise up in revolt or invade, without fear of condemnation by the church. Also, any subjects of the king who opposed his views could switch sides without being accused of treason. The church also played an important role in government. Being allied with the king, church leaders such as bishops and archbishops sat on the king’s council and played influential roles in society. These important roles granted them power and wealth. But not anyone was appointed...
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...Socialists define religion in four ways, first by identifying whether there is a belief in some kind of super natural power, second if there is an expression of belief through collective worship. Sociologists also define religion by identifying if there is a presence of a force which unifies society, and if there are a set of morals which guide behavior. There are also substantive definitions of religion, these define religion by suggesting there has to be a belief in the supernatural, a being with powers beyond humans and substantive definitions also suggest that in religions there is a belief in the sacred, where members in society worship selected people or things, and this may cause feelings of awe. The social constructionist definition of religion takes a more interpretivist approach to defining religion, they focus on how members of society define religion, for example scientologists see themselves as a religion; however many see it as a cult. In this essay I will focus on functionalist definitions of religion, and look at how religion contributes to society and how a religion can unite a society with moral codes. During the 19th century and in to the early 20th century Durkheim studied primitive societies, he noted that in Australian aboriginal tribes they all identified with spiritual totem. Totemism is a religious belief that is normally featured in shamanistic religious, the Totem is normally of an animal, or another naturalist figure that is representative of a person...
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...PAKISTANI WOMEN: RELIGION, STATE AND SOCIETY Much has been written in the international press in recent years concerning the difficulties facing Pakistani women today. Islam itself stresses that women have significant freedoms and rights and the Pakistani constitution guarantees equal treatment for all of its citizens. Pakistan has signed many United Nations treaties guaranteeing the equality and fair treatment of women. But the reality is very different. Most women in Pakistan face a hostile male-dominated environment where they have little or no choice in their lives and face the prospect of harsh violence directed against them. Some international journalists have written that Pakistan is one of the most dangerous places anywhere for women. The reason for this tragedy is that archaic tribal customs and attitudes remain a dominant force in many areas of the country. Pakistan was expressly created as an Islamic state, but many Pakistanis have not followed Islamic teachings concerning the treatment of women. The teachings of Islam provide full protection and security for women, but many Pakistani women are suppressed and victimized by their own family members. Although there are clear provisions both in Islam and in the 1973 Pakistani constitution to provide respect, safety and equal rights for women, Pakistan remains a male-dominated society where women still struggle to achieve their basic rights. Male officials in Pakistan can point to the nation’s constitution...
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...Notes for the Course: Religion and Ethics in our Modern Society, 2012 By Dr H Ndlovu Definition and Nature of Christian Ethics Ethics is derived from the Greek word “ethos” that is also comes from another word “ethika.” Ethika means norms, conventions, values, customs the society. Thus ethics is a discipline that examines one’s moral standards or the moral of a society. These are absorbed from family, church and friends. Why Study Ethics There are nine reasons why human beings have to study ethics. 1. Human beings are capable of reasoning from cause to effect with the understanding that everything done has effect. 2. Human beings are capable of making choices after comparing the alternatives, that is, internal and external. People have two cells namely: a. Real – what we have now b. Ideal – what we are aiming at 3. Human beings are self – conscious. This means we can study ourselves by being a subject and be the object at the same time. 4. Human beings are finite or limited not knowing what will happen from the next moment or next door. Thus, we must have principles to apply when situations comes. 5. Human life is an active dynamic phenomenon – We do something as if we do nothing. 6. People also can be taught to be good (Isaiah 1 :18) 7. Human beings are capable of filing an obligation 8. Human beings are also capable of understanding what moral terms like freedom, dignity and so on affects other people. 9. Finally, human beings need to survive. Human civilization...
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...Religion shaped the colonial society in many ways because one of the reasons to leave England was religious discrimination. Puritan Massachusetts Bay was one of the New England colonies that were very strict with their religion but like in Rhode Island, there is some toleration. The Chesapeake region was not very influenced by religion but Catholic Maryland was a strong religion practice in that area. Although the Chesapeake colonies were founded for economic reasons, the New England colonies had a society more based off of religion through family structure, government and schooling; hence the New England region was heavily influenced by religion. New England’s families were affected by Puritanism because they had many families that were raised...
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...In this world, there are more than 4,000 religions. Approximately thirty-one percent of the world are christians. Twenty-three percent are muslims. Many more come behind them, but which ones affect society negatively? Which ones affect society positively? Religions are only as good as the people who practice it. Many people may state that a certain amount of religions affect society positively; however, others might state that they affect society negatively. Around the seventeenth century, Science arose and the scientific revolution came with it. The Law of Planetary Motion by Kepler, Galileo’s telescope observations, and all of the experiments with gases by Robert Boyle, are all scientific occurrences that have happened in the seventeenth...
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...Analysis on How Relevant Faith and Religion is in a Modern Society The author Revd. David Gifford is constantly presented with the same question of “how relevant is faith and religion in a modern society?” He states that times have certainly changed since the year of 1942 where the Council of Christians and Jews (CCJ) was first founded. The goal of this group was to stop the prejudice that the two faiths had for one another. In modern society Reverend David Gifford explains how backs are being turned on religion and it is worth is to still keep religion relevant. Religion has stirred up many conflicts in the world. Some of these issues end in blood shed for some people dude to the extreme amounts of prejudice and feuding of different types of beliefs. With so many muti-cultural and muti-faithful people in the world, there is usually no way of avoiding coming face to face with people of different beliefs. They are then faced with the reality of what religion really is. Some people take their experiences of learning about a different culture and begin to build opinions and maybe even suspicions or prejudices. Some are genuinely interested and understand and respect why people practice certain religions. The author states that a lot of work still has to be done for people to understand and be open minded about other religions. Since Revd. David Gifford is the CEO of the Council of Christians and Jews; he certainly stands for religious tolerance. The Archbishop of York and...
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...Evaluate the Marxist theory of religion and its relevance to society today. Marxists believe that the ruling class use instruments in society to control the working class – for example religion and education. They argue that religion is created and promoted by the Ruling Class in order to pass on their dominant ideology to the working class, using it as an “instrument”. Althusser argues that the ruling class do this through physical control such as the police and the justice system (Repressive State Apparatus), they also control the working class through the Ideological state Apparatus, which via religion, prevents the working class from becoming deviant and rebelling. A clear demonstration of this is in Christian teaching. They’re taught that Jesus himself had a day job as a carpenter – which is a manual labour, working class job. This idea of Jesus being like us civilians appeals to the working class as their attitude would be that if someone of such major influence can have that job, I can too because I will be repaid in the afterlife. Another supporting piece of evidence to the Marxist theory of religion is in the Jewish Torah (Old Testament – 34:12) God says “Six days thou shalt work, but on the seventh day thou shalt rest, in eanring time and in harvesting, thou shalt rest”. This also influences the working class not to question why we have to work for 6 days, because when we make our earnings we can rest on the seventh day, whilst the ruling class impose this religious...
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...Examine the view that religion has positive functions for society (18 marks) Functionalists demonstrate a positive view of religion, they see religion as a fundamental factor in the maintaining of consensual values. Without religion, Functionalists believe that society would break down. Durkheim suggests that religion is not a belief in Gods, spirits or supernatural but rather a factor that separates the sacred and the profane. Sacred things are believed to hold value and are treated with awe whereas profane objects, activities or people hold no significance and are considered ordinary and mundane. Durkheim concluded that sacred objects, for example the cross in Christianity, are only sacred because they represent or are symbolic of particular groups. Because such objects are given meaning based on the collective values of society, Durkheim ultimately believed that religion is society worshipping itself. Durkheim argued that religion serves two cognitive functions, firstly, religion helps maintain social solidarity where societies members can unite over common beliefs and values. The second function religion fulfills is the creation of ‘collective consciousness’ this is the idea that religion acts as a ‘glue’ that maintains social integration. These functions are seen to be positive as they suggest religion preserves society rather than disrupts it. Parsons offers another positive view of religion, he outlined three positive functions that religion successfully fulfills...
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...on the role of religion in society today (18 marks: AO1: 6, AO2: 12) This question is asking you to examine the strengths/limitations of feminism in comparison to other social theories. You will need to critically analyse and evaluate the following claims in your essay. * Feminist theorists argue that religion is a: Instrument of domination A product of patriarchy Serves the interest of men * Women are always unequal to men in terms of: Institutions – leadership and hierarchy Representation – culture, in scriptures. Attitudes and beliefs - socialisation Item A Sociologists disagree about the role of religion in society. Functionalists, for example, see religion mainly as a positive force. However, Marxists see religion as a tool of capitalism. They argue that it acts to justify inequality, helping to keep the poor satisfied by giving them hope of better times to come and preventing social unrest and revolution. Feminists see religion as a force for subordination and patriarchal oppression. This view is supported by evidence such as the differential treatment of women in religious congregations. Other sociologists argue that such evidence is out of date and that women are no longer the victims of religious oppression. Introduction Briefly explain the feminist view of religion– negative – patriarchy – conservative force. Briefly compare to the Marxist view as it is similar. Feminists show us the negative elements of religion but fail to see...
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...Evaluate Feminist views on the role of religion in society today The feminist school of thought is not just an ideology nor paradigm that can be accepted; but has been (and may always will be) a growing political movement for the equality of women, fair treatment of females all over the globe and annihilation of the oppression of patriarchy and misogyny. Feminist pioneers include Oakley and Woodhead who are usually the face of modern feminist ideology. There are many different types of feminists in the world today: Liberal, Marxist, Radical and Black feminists all play a part in the fight for female equality with men and many of their fights have been going on for very long times (one such example is the Suffragettes’ fight for the right to vote). The feminist school of thought is a structuralist theory and a macro-theory, focusing on the entire population rather than mere individuals. However feminists do take on board some ideas from micro-theory schools of thought such as their research methods – an example of this is when Ann Oakley conducted (unstructured) interviews with pregnant women for over 9 hours. On the basis of religion, the feminist school of thought (based on its ontological assumptions) would see religion’s role as a patriarchal and misogynistic apparatus of society. It’s possible to go far into history and look at the misogyny of biblical times to support the feminist’s point of patriarchy in society. Christ Jesus had 12 male disciples. King Solomon, nearing...
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...Religion is often seen as conservative in the sense of being ‘traditional’, defending traditional customs, institutions, moral views and roles. Religion upholds traditional beliefs about how society should be organised. Religion is also seen as conservative because it functions to conserve or preserve things as they are. It stabilises society and maintains the status quo. The view of religion is held by functionalists, Marxists, and feminists. Although each of these perspectives see the role of religion differently, all of them argue that it contributes to social stability. Functionalists see religion as a conservative force because it functions to maintain social stability and prevent society from disintegrating. For example, as Parson stated; it promotes social solidarity by creating value consensus, thus reducing the likelihood of society collapsing through individuals perusing their own selfish interests at the expense of other. It also helps individuals to deal with stresses that would otherwise disrupt the life of society. Durkheim, another sociologist shares his view that the sacred symbols represent society’s collective conscience, which is the shared norms, values beliefs and knowledge that make social life and cooperation between individuals possible- without these society would disintegrate. For Durkheim, regular shared religion rituals reinforce the collective conscience and maintain social integration. Participating in shared rituals binds individuals together...
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