...‘Religious Ethics cannot provide good answers to questions of sexual ethics – a rational approach is needed’ Discuss. The ethical theory Natural Law is based on analysing the position and purpose of humans in the universe, e.g. to defend the innocent, live in an ordered society, learn, reproduce, worship God etc, therefore it appears to be entirely reasonable; in fact Aquinas, the theory’s founder, stated 'To disparage the dictate of reason is equivalent to condemning the command of God. ' Considering the teleological thinking of natural law and analysing the purpose of the penis it seems rational to decide that using the penis for anything other than reproduction seems rationally wrong. However, taking into account the consequences of the deontological secondary precepts which natural law imposes it becomes apparent that the end result of millions of Africans catching AIDs due to the banning of the use of contraception appears to show the system as irrational. The atheist ethical system of utilitarianism, for example, appears to show the flaws of Christian ethics. The principle of utility, greatest good for the greatest number, leads by definition to the most pleasure and least pain, this certainly seems more rational than condemning millions to suffering because of a certain understanding of the purpose of humans; indeed even if God exists and intends people to fulfil their purposes it could be argued that God would wish to contain AIDs by compassionately allowing the use...
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...“It is a mistake to reject religious principles in favour of secular/ethical principles for guidance in medical ethics” A religion such as Christianity has rules and guidelines that are made by the Church using teachings and bible scriptures so that Christians can live a moral life to achieve an afterlife. An example of this is the Ten Commandments that was given to Moses which contain laws such as ‘thy shall not steal’ and ‘thy shall not kill’. These laws were giving to Moses so that people would do the right and good things. Secular principles such as Utilitarianism and laws made by the government for non-religious people to use as guidance to outline the right and wrong. Within this essay, I will examine how religion is a part of the rationing and prioritising sector when it comes to healthcare resources as well as the advantages and disadvantages when using non-secular principles when distributing resources. Beauchamp and Childress’ Four Principles of Biomedical Ethics are respect for autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence and justice. This is one of the ethical principles that are being used by the NHS. The four principles are there to be used equally and fair when choosing the best decision for a situation of medical treatment. Autonomy means that you should respect a patient’s decision by giving them all the information they need to make their financial decision. Autonomy suggests that patients should be the ones to make their decisions and not healthcare professionals...
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...SPIRITUAL CONDITION EVALUATION PAPER By (Student Name) Institutional Affiliation Date Spiritual Condition Evaluation Paper Topic: Spiritual Condition Evaluation Paper Pages: 4 pages SOurces: 3 Citation: APA Deadline: 4 hrs Instructions: A Spiritual Condition Evaluation paper will be required of you. (Note: Write about yourself. However, If you would rather not write about yourself, you may select a living famous person to evaluate with the instructor’s prior approval. Remember in the final analysis, whether writing about yourself or someone else, only God knows a person’s heart completely so try to be both humble and gentle). This document will run from 900–1,500 words. You will use the course’s contents, including some of the Scriptural readings assigned, to evaluate your (or the famous person’s) spiritual condition/status with cultural sensitivity. You will then outline goals for personal spiritual improvement for the next 5 years. A proposed evaluation plan for you to use in re-assessing your spiritual growth (or the famous person’s) after 5 years is also required as part of this evaluation paper. If you quote any sources in developing this paper you are to use the APA citation. Introduction Our otherworldly journey as a follower of Christ started the minute we conceded individual sin and put our trust in Christ as Savior and Lord. Starting there, until death or the arrival of Christ, our life’s call as Christians is to develop in Christ likeness. Finishing...
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...Annotated Bibliography Johnson, Penelope D., Equal Monastic Profession: Religious women in Medieval France. Chicago, IL, USA: University of Chicago Press. Retrieved from http://www.ebrary.com This book studies Judicious and richly informed, Equal in Monastic profession now restores professed women to the central place they once occupied. This book will appeal to any reader who wants to know about women gender, social change and religion. Women have been and still are an integral part of monastic life, but monastic scholars have tended to see them either as aberrant or as subsidiary to the main theme of male religious life. Schultz, D. (2010). Ethics Regulation Across Professions. Public Integrity, 12(2), 161-172. doi:10.2753/PIN1099-9922120204 Gifting, a private act of friendship and charity among individuals that has deep cross-cultural roots, is increasingly seen as a morally problematic practice in many professions. Gifting done within the context of employment is now the subject of regulation in many professions as part of a broader effort to promote independence, impartiality, and objectivity. Based upon a survey of more than twenty professional associations and fields of employment, this commentary examines the historical roots of gifting, why it poses an ethical problem, and how many organizations across the public, private, and nonprofit sectors are adopting policies to address this practice. Overall, three conclusions are reached. First, because gifting creates...
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...A2 Religious Studies Revision Booklet To be used alongside the textbook and your classnotes. Contents G581: Philosophy of Religion Religious Language......................................................………p.1 Religious Experience........................................................…...p.7 Miracles..................................................................…………...p.12 Nature of God............................................................………...p.16 Life and Death.........................................................…………..p.20 G582: Religious Ethics Meta-ethics...........................…………………………………….p.25 Free Will and Determinism………………………………….……p.28 Conscience.......................…………………………………….…p.32 Virtue Ethics………………………………………………………..p.36 Sexual Ethics…………………………………………………...….p.40 Environment and Business Ethics……………………………….p.44 Religious Language Introduction The problems of religious language: • If we use language univocally about God, then we are limiting him / making him like a human • If we use language equivocally about God, we cannot be sure what the word means when applied to God • Are statements about God supposed to be cognitive – if so, what evidence proves / disproves them? • Are statements about God supposed to be non-cognitive – if so, do they have any meaning? The Verification...
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...human experience, beliefs, values and behavior. Religion and spirituality are clearly important to most Americans; however, most counselors have little or no training in dealing with religious and spiritual issues. Since the mid-1990’s, the integration of spirituality and religion into therapeutic sessions has generated much interest as an area that needs to be addressed with regards to diversity in clients. This paper will address the inclusion of religion and spirituality in client’s session and counselor’s attitudes toward a client’s faith based on the assumption that the client’s faith and the counselor’s attitude can have significant impact on the outcome of the treatment of the client. A counselor’s willingness to attend to faith as a means of growth can build rapport and lessen potential resistance with clients who are religious (Worthington, 1989). Spirituality in Counseling: Integrating Religion and Spirituality Spirituality has become increasingly important in counseling and prayer has become the spiritual intervention of choice for Christian counselors, as well as secular counselors. The controversial nature of including prayer in counseling requires much consideration on the grounds of ethical boundaries. Majority of mental health professionals who claim a type of religious affiliation, believe spirituality is relevant in their client’s well-being and value the outcomes of prayer (Bergin & Jensen, 1990). Secular counselors incorporate religion into their...
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...passed into the NT with these implications.” The way that God gave us the Bible is a confirmation and delineation of His affection for us. The expression "disclosure" or “revelation” essentially implies that God imparted to humankind what He is similar to and how we can have a right association with Him. These are things that we couldn't have known had God not perfectly uncovered them to us in the Bible. Despite the fact that God's disclosure of Himself in the Bible was given logically over around 1500 years, it has constantly contained everything man needs to think about God to have a right association with Him. On the off chance that the Bible is really the Word of God, then it is the last power for all matters of confidence, religious practice, and ethics. The 2ND argument, “THE UNITY OF THE MESSAGE FROM DIFFERENT HUMAN SOURCES.” The...
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...public school on each school day. Any child shall be excused from such Bible reading, or attending such Bible reading, upon the written request of his parent or guardian.” Edward Schempp challenged this law saying that the state should not be making Bible reading mandatory. The Supreme Court favored Schempp and declared “this type” of Bible reading in the public schools to be unconstitutional. They did however say, “It certainly may be said that the Bible is worthy of study for its literary and historic qualities.” Florey v. Sioux Falls School District This federal case dealt with Religious Holidays. The Sioux Falls school policy read, “Music, art, literature, and drama having religious themes or basis are permitted as part of the curriculum for school sponsored activities and programs if presented in a prudent and objective manner and as a traditional part of the cultural and religious heritage of the particular holiday.” However, the ACLU sued the school district over this policy, but ended up losing at both the local and federal level. The Supreme Court favored the inclusion of recognition of a holiday. Stone v. Graham This case dealt with a Kentucky law that required the Ten Commandments to be posted in each classroom. The Supreme Court stated, “This is not a case in which the Ten Commandments are...
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...York University College of Liberal Arts and Professional Studies Department of Humanities AP/HUMA 1860 6.00 The Nature of Religion: An Introduction Term Y Section A Course Director: Dr. Jason C. Robinson Y: Fall/Winter 2014-2015 Office: 126 Founders CollegeOffice Hours: Tuesdays and Thursdays by appointment | Email: jasonro@yorku.ca Class Time: Tuesday 4:30-6:30 | Classroom: Curtis Lecture Halls (CLH) C | Tutorial Leaders and Times | Type | Day | | Start Time | Duration | | | Location | Instructor | | LECT 01 | T | | 4:30pm | 120 | | | CLH C | Jason Robinson | jasonro@yorku.ca | TUTR 01 | T | | 7:00pm | 60 | | | ACE 012 | Jason Robinson | jasonro@yorku.ca | TUTR 02 | T | | 7:00pm | 60 | | | SC 220 | Cristiana Conti | menrua19@yorku.ca | TUTR 03 | T | | 7:00pm | 60 | | | SC 223 | Irfaan Jaffer | irfaanjaffer@gmail.com | TUTR 04 | T | 8 | :00pm | 60 | | | ACE 012 | Cristiana Conti | menrua19@yorku.ca | TUTR 05 | T | | 8:00pm | 60 | | | BC 325 | Irfaan Jaffer | irfaanjaffer@gmail.com | TUTR 06 | T | | 8:00pm | 60 | | | MC 215 | Janet Melo-Thaiss | janetmt@yorku.ca | | | Note: This is an approved LA&PS General Education course Course credit exclusions: AP/HUMA 1865 6.00, AP/HUMA 2800 9.00 (prior to Fall 2014), AP/SOSC 2600 9.00 (prior to Fall 2014). PRIOR TO FALL 2009: Course credit exclusions: AK/HUMA 1860 6.00, AS/HUMA 2800 9.00, AS/SOSC 2600 9.00. Camtasia Recording This...
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...I. THE SCRIPTURES.[For a brief account of the subjects, the author, and the date of every book in the Holy Scriptures, see the preface to each in Dr. Clarke's Commentary; and also his "Clavis Biblica," a work that contains a fund of most important information in a very small compass. — S. D.]THE NECESSITY OF REVELATION. — The absolute necessity of a divine revelation is sufficiently established. If God be the sole Fountain of light and truth, all knowledge must be derived from him. "The spirit of a man may know the things of a man; but the Spirit of God can alone know and teach the things of God." That is, the human intellect, in its ordinary power and operation, is sufficient to comprehend the various earthly things that concern man's sustenance and welfare in social life; but this intellect cannot fathom the things of God; it cannot find out the mind of the Most High; it knows not his will; it has no just idea of the end for which man was made; of that in which his best interests lie; of its own nature; of the nature of moral good and evil; how to avoid the latter, and how to attain the former, in which true happiness, or the supreme good, consists: and these things it is the province of divine revelation to teach, for they have never been taught or conceived by man.How unspeakably we are indebted to God for giving us a revelation of his WILL and of his WORKS! Is it possible to know the mind of God but from himself? It is impossible. Can those things and services which are worthy...
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...“Religion is the Cause of War“ Maher Khudari 1. What is your topic? Religion is the cause of war 2. What are the possibly different main claims/positions related to this topic? (There will be at least two (2) possibly different claims/positions, but there could be more; however, one of them will be YOUR claim/position.) Religion is the key for war, it’s the faith that people have to fight for. 3. What is your position regarding the topic? I believe that religion is causing war but not at all cases, For example Iraq war wasn’t one of the religion causing war, therefore I would like to replace the word religion to oil is the cause of war. 4. What “evidence” have you offered to support your claim/position? Have you included your survey results? • The Crusades: A series of campaigns from the 11th to the 13th centuries with the stated goal of reconquering the Holy Land from Muslim invaders and coming to the aid of the Byzantine Empire • The French Wars of Religion: A succession of wars in France during the 16th century between Catholics and the Protestant Hugenots • The Thirty Years' War — Another war between Catholics and Protestants during the 17th century in what is now Germany In addition to this, one could add the Taiping Rebellion and the never ending Catholic/Protestant struggles in Northern Ireland. Christianity has certainly been a factor in many conflicts throughout its 2000 year history. 5. Put your claim/position and “evidence” through...
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...A young man was getting ready to graduate college. For many months he had admired a beautiful sports car in a dealer's showroom, and knowing his father could well afford it, he told him that was all he wanted. As Graduation Day approached, the young man awaited signs that his father had purchased the car. Finally, on the morning of his graduation his father called him into his private study. His father told him how proud he was to have such a fine son, and told him how much he loved him. He handed his son a beautiful wrapped gift box. Curious, but somewhat disappointed the young man opened the box and found a lovely, leather-bound Bible. Angrily, he raised his voice at his father and said, "With all your money you give me a Bible?" and stormed out of the house, leaving the holy book. Many years passed and the young man was very successful in business. He had a beautiful home and wonderful family, but realized his father was very old, and thought perhaps he should go to him. He had not seen him since that graduation day. Before he could make arrangements, he received a telegram telling him his father had passed away, and willed all of his possessions to his son. He needed to come home immediately and take care things. When he arrived at his father's house, sudden sadness and regret filled his heart. He began to search his father's important papers and saw the still new Bible, just as he had left it years ago. With tears, he opened the Bible and began to turn...
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...faced with population increase and religious hostilities. The increase of the population led to competition to limited resources such as, food, clothing, land for settlement, and religious conflicts. These led the English men to look for newer ways to improve their living standards. Consequently, leaving England was the only remedy to their worries. The immigrants who tried to pursue a better life ended up establishing New England and Chesapeake colonies. However, these two colonies had the distinction between freedom “from” and freedom “for". New England’s colony was largely puritan, religion playing a key role. They believed in God and they looked upon Him for everything they did. Religion was the backbone and source of inspiration for the New Englanders to live in the new world. The colony’s religion was family-based and with extreme piety. This notion shared by the New Englanders is attributed from the feeling that, they had to appease their God since they had escaped from religious persecutions. In contrast, the Chesapeake region was not deeply rooted in religion. Its religious tone was low-church. Therefore, they pursued economic freedom rather than religious freedom. Political freedom in New England was based on pure religion, whereas, the Chesapeake created a society for economic purposes. New England’s officials were required to enforce Godly rules and laws, punishing people of heresy. However, religious freedom started to develop with the...
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...read in the Bible how the prophets did not use their words, but were moved by the Spirit to speak God’s Words. We also see that the Spirit led them to write what God wanted to be written. The Bible is inspired, or “God-breathed”. “All scripture is given by inspiration of God, and is profitable for doctrine, for reproof, for correction, for instruction in righteousness”. The question of the Bible being the inerrant word of God is always being discussed. The meaning of inerrancy is being without error. “Inerrancy is the view that when all the facts become known, they will demonstrate that the Bible in its original autographs and correctly interpreted is entirely true and never false in all it affirms, whether that relates to doctrine or ethics or to the social, physical,...
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...Theory Critique Two Najah Dail-Harris Liberty University Theory Critique Two Jay E. Adams the author of How to Help People change (1986) created a four step biblical approach to guiding the Christian Counseling process. Adams (1986) centers his biblical approach around the concept of change and derives his theory from Timothy 3:14-17. He believes “all Christian counselors must follow these words if they would help people change in ways that please God” (p.10). Adams (1986) also derives his Christian based theory from the Word and scripture itself. To become an effective Christian counselor, Adams (1986) believes counseling must come from the wisdom of God and the Holy Spirit. If a counselor is to impose change on a counselee one must be aware of the “change that is satisfactory to God, not merely socially good” (Adams, 1986, p.7). Adams (1986) four step biblical process includes: teaching, conviction, correction and disciplined training in righteousness. To prove effective, the process also must be done in that exact order just as the disciple Paul set out. The first step teaching involves the act of teaching counselees biblical principles for living, god’s standards for avoiding sin and teaching within the milieu. The next step conviction, involves “bringing conviction to counselees itself as a part of the ministry of word” (Adams, 1986, p108). Adam believes it important to have the counselee understand the root of their problem; which is sin and change their relationship...
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