...migration Part II Temporary and Permanent Migration 1. Distribution of Egyptian migrants according to skill level 2. Distribution of Egyptian migrants according to Destination 3. Economic Effect of Migration 4. Impact of Migration 4.a. on the Labor Supply of Adults Left Behind 4.b. and remittances on household poverty 5. Remittances at micro-level 6. Remittances at macro-level 7. Remittances and Development 8. Volume of Remittances 9. Impact of remittances on poverty alleviation 10. Brain Drain/Gain (causes, effects and solutions) 11. Egyptian Migration To Arab Countries Part III Legal and Illegal Migration 1. Definition 2. Dimensions 3. Causes 4. Dangers 5. Methods 6. Legal and political status 7. Migration Stages 8. The gangs of illegal migration contrive new behaviors….. 9. Egypt youth migration ……….. Ideal cases Objective The whole theme of this paper is to vivid the magnitude of migration, to profile the workers who migrate, to identify the types of migration and to determine the extent to which migration affects the rate of poverty and unemployment in Egypt. Not only that but also exploring the impact of the internal and external migration on the development of the country at the micro level. Reasons for this paper As Migration whether permanent or temporary, internal or international, legal or illegal has always been a possible...
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...Problems and Prospects of Remittance Service in the Public Banking Sectors of Bangladesh (A study on Janata Bank Limited) [This internship report has been prepared as a partial fulfillment of the degree of Bachelor of Business Administration from Daffodil International University] SUBMITTED TO SheikhAbdur Rahim Assistant Proffesor Department of Business Administration Daffodil International University SUBMITTED BY Date of Submission: 2012 DAFFODIL INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY © Daffodil International University Library Page i Letter of Transmittal January, 2012 SheakAbdur Rahim Lecturer in Department of Business Administration Daffodil International University Subject: Submission of internship report for kind acceptance Dear Sir I am profoundly contended for being able to submit Internship Report on “Problem & prospects of remittance service in public banking sectors of Bangladesh (A case study on Janata Bank Limited)”which you have assigned me as partial requirement of BBA program. I have tried no stone unturned to prepare this report sincerely according to your advice, guidance, instructions and suggestions. It was a great source of inspiration and pleasure for me to work on this report. I shall be very glad to furnish with any explanation on this report necessary. Despite my great caution, I cannot but express my great concern to make any sort of mistakes. If such condition takes place, I would expect your sympathetic and graceful consideration...
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...http://www.academicjournals.org/IJSA DOI: 10.5897/IJSA11.143 ISSN 2006- 988x ©2012 Academic Journals Full Length Research Paper Migrant remittances: A driving force in rural development Benzies Isaac Adu-Okoree* and Adwoa Ofosua Onoma Faculty of Development Studies, Presbyterian University College, Akuapem/Tema Campus, Ghana. Accepted 10 April, 2012 The main push factor for migration from rural communities is lack of employment opportunities for inhabitants who had high level of educational. When they migrate, they remit back to their families at communities they migrated from. Remittances play important role in rural development, and the study using Tutu in Ghana as a case study found out that as a result of money remitted to residents in the community, the study participants acquired farm lands, bought vehicles and built houses which they would not have had without remittances. More wives and mothers than other persons received large portions of the remittances. Those who remitted home maintained that in addition to remitting money to their families, they were also willing to contribute to community development including construction of schools, churches and community centre, and also pay school fees to the brilliant but needy students. Thus, they were willing to help develop the entire community. Key words: Remittances, Tutu, rural development, wives mothers, community development. INTRODUCTION In a study of return migrants, Ammassari (2004) found a ...
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...AND ORGANIZATIONAL BACKGROUND 6 2.1 Theoretical Framework 6 2.2 7 Qualitative Analysis of Organization 7 2.2.1 Mission Statement 8 2.2.2 Vision 8 2.2.3 Values 8 2.2.4 Objectives 9 2.2.5 Share Capital and Ownership 9 2.2.6 Share Ownership of NBL 9 2.2.7 Organizational Structure 10 2.2.8 Product and Services 11 2.2.9 Human Resources and Training 12 2.2.10 Awards and recognition 14 2.2.11 The Kamladi Branch 14 2.2.12 Analysis of Organizational Functions 15 2.2.13 Current Status of the organization 17 2.2.14 Current Problems 18 2.2.15 SWOT Analysis 19 ANALYSIS AND PRESENTATION 20 3.1 Remittance Distribution in Nepal 20 3.2 Remittance and Nepalese Economy 21 3.3 Major Players in the Market: 24 3.4 Remittance at Nabil Bank 24 3.5 Framework of Inward Sourcing Unit 25 3.6 Remittance Products of Nabil Bank 26 3.7 Process of Internship 28 3.8 Western Union 29 3.9 Western Union and Nabil Bank 32 3.10 Income generated by NBL through Western Union 33 3.11 Analysis of Statistical Data of Western Union 34 3.11.1 Average Daily Transactions 35 3.11.2 Average transactions from various nations 36 3.12 Nabil Bank and Sub-Agents of Western Union 37 3.13 Nabil Remit 39 3.14 Process of Nabil Remit 39 3.15 Income generated by NBL through Nabil Remit 41 3.16 Analysis of Statistical Data of Nabil Remit 42 SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 44 4.1 Summary 44 4.2 Conclusions 46 4.3...
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...their country from decades of war. Reports indicate that change is occurring in Afghanistan, but the progress is slow. The Taliban have regained strength in the second half of this decade and insurgency and instability are rising. Afghanistan continues to be challenged by underdevelopment, lack of infrastructure, few employment opportunities, and widespread poverty. The slow pace of change has led Afghans to continue migrating in order to meet the needs of their families. Today refugee movements no longer characterize the primary source of Afghan migration. Migration in search of livelihoods is the primary reasons for migration and occurs through rural-urban migration in Afghanistan or circular migration patterns as Afghans cross into Pakistan and/or Iran. Afghans utilize their social networks to find low-skilled work in the cities or neighboring countries. The highly skilled in Afghanistan often seek to migrate to Western countries, as the opportunities in Afghanistan are limited. Afghans transnational movements have led to the development of the Afghan Diaspora, which has been essential in providing remittances to families in Afghanistan to meet their daily needs....
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...Socio-economic Impact of Remittance on Households: A Study on Khulna City Md. Ashif Hossain Economics Discipline Social Science School Khulna University Khulna, Bangladesh August, 2013 Socio-economic Impact of Remittance on Households: A Study on Khulna City …………………………………… Md. Ashif Hossain Student Number: BSS 0 9 1 5 0 8 Session: 2011-2012 Supervisor ……………………………………. Sk. Sharafat Hossen Assistant Professor Economics Discipline Khulna University Khulna, Bangladesh A Thesis Paper submitted to the Economics Discipline of Social Science School, Khulna University, Bangladesh in partial fulfillment for the BSS (Hons.) in Economics degree August, 2013 Socio-economic Impact of Remittance on Households: A Study on Khulna City ………………………………………… (Mohammed Ziaul Haider, Ph.D) Head Economics Discipline Social Science School Khulna University August, 2013 Statement of Originality Socio-economic Impact of Remittance on Households: A Study on Khulna City The findings of this Thesis are entirely of the candidate’s own research and any part of it has neither been accepted for any degree nor is it being concurrently submitted for any other degree. ………………………………. Md. Ashif Hossain Student Number: BSS 0 9 1 5 0 8 Session: 2011-2012 August, 2013 Acknowledgement First of all I express my heartfelt gratitude to supreme creator and ruler of the world Almighty ALLAH who has given me the opportunity to conduct my education...
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...direct investment, the second largest type of flows into developing countries, are workers’ remittances (ReenaAggarwal, 2006). Pac news reports” Fiji is estimated to have received $247million (US$165m) in inward remittances in 2007. However, the report said that the true size of remittances including unrecorded flows through formal and informal channels is believed to be larger. The report noted that the acting deputy governor of the Reserve Bank of Fiji, Barry Whiteside, had highlighted that remittances to Fiji in 2006 amounted to $313million (US$210m)”. (PACNEWS, 2008).This case study outlines the developmental impact of remittances on the welfare of the recipients. Alleviating poverty and increasing education levels for the poor with remittance as assistance. The level of education that can be achieved with remittance as an aid and what would have been evident had remittance not subsist. Further to this, through this case, it can be interesting to distinguish how remittances affect other pacific island countries in similar context. What are the factors that lead to remittances and how remittance income is actually utilized? Contradictions on remittances has been based on increased dependence, but this gives rise to another major question as to where remittance income is used and has there been development in those areas or not and what could have been the circumstance/status had remittance income not being one of the major source of income. This case will also focus on the role...
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...BUSINESS OVERVIEW Migrants’ remittances, an age old phenomenon, have assumed great importance over the last decade. With increasing internal migration, they are considered to be an ‘important and stable source of external development finance’ for households in source regions, reducing transient poverty and at times even structural poverty. The primary reason for migration is to earn livelihood and the means of earning the same could be any of the following: a. Farming based labor b. Skilled or semi skilled labor c. Manual labor of any other form Also a migrant for the purpose of this case study is primarily someone from the rural setup and falls in SEC D1, D2 or E1, E2, E3 as per the new categorization. The total internal migrant base as per 2011 stats has swelled to close to 1.14 crore. Total annual remittance per customer is at a staggering Rs 14,600 and the annual potential of the overall remittance market is at a staggering Rs 20000 crore. A gender cut of remittance is as below: What are the ways thus for a person to transfer or remit, the conventional ways are, Bank transfer Post office based transfers: Online transfer via FINO etc Hawala and transfer by hand are unconventional means to transferring money. Each of these means has its own set of advantages and inherent challenges/issues. Details as given: **** This case study is confidential and should not be shared in any form**** The most favored and prevalent mean is utilizing banks services...
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...Introduction World economy is facing recession today. Every country with largest economy has been affected by that. Largest economy country such as USA’s economy has fallen. As everything is now globalized all the country of the world has felt impact on different degrees. Bangladesh’s economy is going upward day by day. Being so conservative with economy Bangladesh has somewhat stopped the bad effect of recession. Since Bangladesh is a developing country it is not safe from any global effect. Bangladesh’s economy is in a vulnerable position. Globalization has liberated the business among the countries of the world. Now open market method or free trade has increases the competition between countries of the world. Bangladesh’s economy is not in such condition though it has made progress. Bangladesh’s political instability and deficiency in international matters are some impediment of its growing economy. Still we are dependent on import which is also a cause of vulnerability. Our trade system and keeping away from the global matters also are hampering the growth. As a developing country our economy is not an established economy. So our financial budget of every year is a deficit budget. We have to much depend on foreign help. Being industrially backward our export products are declining which causes a negative impact on the balance of trade. We have to concern in utilizing the resources. Development programs are always going on which need machinery that we have to buy from...
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...Literature Review on Remittance - Nepal Introduction Remittances are funds transferred from migrants to their home country. They are the private savings of workers and families that are spent in the home country for food, clothing and other expenditures, and which drive the home economy. For many developing nations, remittances from citizens working abroad provide an import source of much-needed funds. In some cases, funds from remittances exceed aide sent from the developed world, and are only exceeded by foreign direct investment (FDI). Remittances give countries the ability to fund development their own way; however, like a teenager flush with cash from a first job, developing countries first have to understand just what it takes to effectively use remittance funds. If it is to efficiently use these funds the country must first develop policies that promote smart, stable growth, and to ensure that growth is not solely concentrated in the cities. It is important to note that migrants do not only travel to the largest world economies for work; instead, they go where the likelihood of work is the highest. While construction-related jobs are often considered the job of choice, many workers flock to countries that are developing their economies as well. Commodity-rich countries have a high demand for labor as the prospect of rising commodity prices continues to remain a constant Research has also shown that migrants returning from working abroad have a higher propensity...
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...inhabited. The poverty level, however, has fallen by more than 20%, helped by its prominent agricultural sector. The Bangladeshi economy is helped by its big garment sector, which contributes more than two-thirds of the country’s trade. The major challenge to prosperous growth is the vulnerability of the land to cyclones and floods. However, even with such challenges, Bangladesh has experienced a growth rate of 5% since 1990. This growth has been helped by remittances from expatriates as well. Bangladesh’s economy is characterized as poor and developing, despite several improvement efforts at the national and international levels. In 2008, the per capita income of the country stood at US$520, while the world average is $10,200. As of 2009, Bangladesh had an estimated population of 162,221,000 people. The literacy rate in the country is about 41%. The poverty rate is very high. However, over the years, there has been considerable improvement in the poverty level as well as health and education levels. Over 50% of Bangladesh’s GDP comes from the service sector. Despite this, two-thirds of the country’s population is engaged in agricultural activities, with most of them growing paddy. Bangladesh Economy: Major Constraints Here are some of the major impediments to the growth of Bangladesh’s economy: * Widespread political and bureaucratic corruption * Economic competition relative to the world * Serious overpopulation * Widespread poverty * Frequent...
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...Skiba, 2012) In the Philippines, Pawnshop is one of the financial service providers (FSP) that are helping to increase the access to financial services of underserved and unserved. For many Filipinos, pawning is the most convenient way to raise money, easier than securing a bank loan. In the Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas Report on the State of the Financial Inclusion in the Philippines in 2011, the Banking sector is accounted for more than 80 percent of the total resources of the financial system. This means that the 20 percent are shared by other service providers such as pawnshops, money changers, remittance agents and FX dealers. Some municipalities in the Philippines have no banking presence but have access to pawnshops. While pawnbroking is the main business activity of pawnshops, nowadays many pawnshops are engaging into other auxiliary businesses such as money changing, remittance facilitation, foreign exchange dealership, and bills payment facilitation. Moreover, few pawnshops are offering cash in-cash out centers and offer mobile banking services. Financial economists have produced a large number of theoretical studies and empirical studies on mainstream banking services, but alternative financial services, and pawnbroking in particular, are hardly touched on in the literature (Carter and Skiba, 2012). With the growing number of pawnshops in the Philippines and the increasing activities and opportunities for pawnshop business, this paper seeks to determine some determinant...
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...NOWSHIN HAQUE 1020276030MINHAZUR RAHMAN 081314030MUSA HABIB KISHAN 0930442030NUSRAT MINALLAH SHOSHI 0910283030SIDRATUL MUNTAHA KHAN 0920517530 | Table of Contents Analysis of Bangladeshi Taka (BDT) against US Dollar($) 3 Factors that influences BDT 5 Analysis of Macroeconomic variables 7 Income level 7 Fig: Income receipts of Bangladesh from 2005-2012in US dollar 8 Income payments (US dollar) in Bangladesh 8 Effects of inflation on income 9 Effects of interest rates on income level: 11 Theory of Interest Rate Parity and BDT 12 Theory of Purchasing Power Parity 14 Theory of International Fisher Effect against BDT 16 Regulations on foreign currency transfers/remittances 16 Analysis of investment opportunity for US-based MNC 17 Analysis of Bangladeshi Taka (BDT) against US Dollar ($) Exchange rates play a vital role in a country's level of trade. This is critical to almost every free market-oriented economy in the world. Numerous factors such as inflation, interest rates, current-account/trade balance, public (government) debt and political environment determine exchange rates and all are related to the trading relationship between any two countries. The exchange rate, measured as a number of units of local currency per unit of foreign currency, is the price of the foreign currency in terms of the local currency. Like any other price, the value of the foreign currency in the local market depends...
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...Foreign Remittance A Case Study on Southeast Bank Ltd, Chouhatta Branch, Sylhet An Internship Report On Foreign Remittance A case study on Southeast Bank Limited, Chouhatta Branch, Sylhet SUBM ITTED TO Department of Business Administration SUPERVISED BY Najia jahura Lecturer Department of Business Administration Leading University, Sylhet Submitted By Syed azazul Haque ID: 1101010263 Dept. of Business Administration Leading University DATE of Submission 28th March 2015 LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL Date: 28th March 2015 Najia Jahura Lecturer, Business Administrtion, Leading University Subject: Submission of Internship Report Dear Madam, I am here by submitting my Internship Report, which is a part of the BBA Program curriculum. It is great achievement to work under your active supervision. This report is based on Foreign Remittance Division of Southeast Bank Limited. I have got the opportunity to work in SOUTHEAST bank limited in foreign remittance department of Chouhatta branch for twelve weeks, under the supervision of Md. Mijanur Rahman, Principal Officer. This project gave me both academic and practical exposures. First of all I learned about the organizational culture of a prominent banking organization of the country. Secondly, the project gave me the opportunity to develop a network with the corporate...
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...Introduction Bangladesh characterised by high population density, low resource base, recurrent natural disasters and persistent socio-cultural instability has come a long way since its independence in 1971. The country has performed well especially in recent years, showing that a country can achieve significan human and social development at relatively low levels of income along with creating strong fundamentals and future growth. The integration of developing and least developed countries with the global economy increased sharply in the 1990s with change in their economic policies and lowering of barriers to trade and investment. Foreign direct investment (FDI) is expected to benefit poor countries such as Bangladesh in a number of ways. Firstly, it supplements domestic investment which is low due to lack of resources in these countries. Secondly, FDI is expected to generate employment, transfer, increase domestic competition and bring other positive externalities such as transfer of good practices. Bangladesh offers attractive investment opportunities to foreign investors and has adopted policies to attract FDI into the country. In fact Bangladesh seems to offer one of the most liberal FDI regimes in South Asia. The economic model was developed based on the past behavior of GDP and the external sector. It indicated that FDI is the sector having the most significant impact on GDP and aid the second most significant. While imports negatively affect economic growth, exports have...
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