...Italian Renaissance v. Northern Renaissance Christopher Garrett University of Phoenix Renaissance comes from the Latin renasci, which means to be born, or rebirth or revival (Merriam-Webster Dictionary, 2014). The Renaissance was an era that influenced countries for over 200 years, and transformed culture and religion. Starting toward the end of the 13th century, the renaissance was an integral part of developing countries in both north Europe and Italy. These renaissance periods are the Italian and the Northern renaissance. Even though both renaissances had similarities and made an impact within European countries, they both had differences as well that made them each unique. The Italian Renaissance began at the end of the 13th century and lasted until the beginning of the 1600’s. This period could be considered the transition period between the Middle ages and medieval period to modern Europe. During the Italian Renaissance, humanists labeled the “rebirth” as the Dark Ages. The Italian Renaissance focused more on the common man and everyday realities of life, which heavily influenced the culture and art (Beougher, 2010). The Northern Renaissance was influenced by Italian Renaissance; however, the northern movement carried different characteristics and strengths and affected European countries outside of Italy. During the Northern Renaissance, the north held onto the Gothic art and architecture. The north also had fewer centers of free commerce, unlike in Italy...
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...The Classical and Renaissance art periods are two of the most important and celebrated art periods in our history. The two periods were alike in many ways with only a few differences setting them apart. In the end, the Renaissance was a “rebirth” of the Classical art style, architecture and beliefs. The Classical period was a time of spectacular architecture, philosophical pondering, and human development; taking place between 500 – 323 BC, Ancient Greece enjoyed wealth and power. The arts, literature, and drama thrived. The Classical Period made world changing discoveries in medicine, mathematics, physics, and astronomy. The city of Athens, one of the most powerful and influential cities in the Classical period introduced the world to Democracy and has shaped today’s western governments. Some of the philosophers of the Classical Period have become the most well known philosophers know to man today and have had influence on Western thought and civilization. To this day the teachings of Socrates, Plato and Aristotle are still pondered today. Classical art focused mainly on five forms: architecture, sculpture, pottery, painting, and music. Ancient Greece was dominated by religion. This resulted in the temples being big and beautiful. The Classical period brought change in the style of sculptures. The Greeks believed in humanism and their art displayed this. The Greeks took great pride in the importance of the individual in society in the forms of art, philosophy and government...
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...Lovepreet Kaur Mr. Crowe AP European History The Renaissance-1 Textbook: pg. 338 to mid 343 16 January 2014 1. Why did the Renaissance first begin in Italy? The Renaissance first began in Italy because Italy had better resources. Anyone was able to go to Italy in search for a fresh start while bringing new ideas people never questioned. 2. Why was Florence at the heart of the Italian Renaissance? Florence was at the heart of the Italian Renaissance because it was started from Florence, and it was one of the wealthiest cities with significant power. The Medici family helped Florence become a cultural center for meetings or discussions about art. 3. What role did the Medici family play in the Renaissance Florence? The Medici family showed special interests for arts and literature, so they financed numerous art creations and get-togethers for the benefit of Florence. 4. Regarding humanism: -What are the characteristics of humanism? How is it different from medieval scholasticism? from nominalism? The characteristics of humanism include learning, anatomy, realism, reason, nature, youth, individualism, and perspective. Scholasticism was more orientated towards philosophers or theologians and it failed to offer moral guidance, however, humanism was about direct sources such as the bible or Latin/Greek classics. Nominalism is considered to believe that abstract or general terms are real, while humanism prefers human views. -Why is Petrarch considered...
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...History 101 The Renaissance paved the way for numerous other eras such as The Protestant Reformation, the Scientific Revolution and The Enlightenment. The Renaissance brought on the idea of Individualism and how educating yourself and believing in yourself could make a better world. The Renaissance helped change personal views of one’s self and the world. The Renaissance is portrayed by a number of different ideas about Life and humanity, some of which are Individualism, secularism, and humanism. Individualism was a noteworthy concept that came about during the Renaissance era. It put emphasis on personality, uniqueness, genius, and developing one’s capabilities and talents. Recognizing individual efforts and then becoming known beyond the local areas began to grow during the renaissance. Artist started to sign their work so they could gain fame far from their own areas. This was different because in the middle Ages artist painted to glorify God, so that did not require an artist to sign their work. During the Renaissance the artist wanted to be known for being an individual and not to just contribute to a group (religion). Also during the Renaissance there was more attention to the development of the individual where education was concerned. The Importance of learning all intellectual areas as well as becoming knowledgeable about physical actions was a new development during the Renaissance. During the Renaissance you could become educated in many different areas this was...
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...The Renaissance was destined to happen. It happened for many reasons. Many new inventions and changes accrued during the time that people cherish now. One of the effects of the renaissance is the art. It brought art from looking like elementary school work to college level professionals. It created three different types of beautiful storytelling pieces. The first type of art is classical. This type of art shows importance of leaders or gods with little background and no sense of perspective. Then there is medieval art. This teaches religion to those who can’t read and the important figures are larger. Lastly, there is the Renaissance type of art. It shows both religious and non-religious pictures that are very detailed and colorful. The renaissance also helped people become more individualized and more into secular thought. Without religion forcing them down, the people became free with their thinking. They had an increase of books and knowledge. Even a book on how to be a king and how to gain political power to keep, it was a book done in this period, which would have not have been published in medieval times. Also, without religion suppressing them they became materialist, wanting many things. Leading into wanting the finer things in life, but if that did not change us we would have the desire to get anything, thinking it’s a sin. Philosophy also changed during the Renaissance. Many books depicted animals, as well as plants and minerals. Artists such as Leonardo...
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...The Renaissance in Italy and Europe The French word Renaissance means “rebirth” and is the period in European civilization immediately following the Middle Ages. It relates mostly to the growth of artistic and intellectual creativity which is also used by artists and thinkers to recover and apply the ancient learning and standards of Greece and Rome. The Renaissance was basically an intellectual and also cultural movement that imparted some sort of intellectual quality which made it one of the most important events in universal history. This movement was carried on between the fourteenth century and the sixteenth century. The Renaissance was believed to be restricted to Italy somewhere during the late 15th century. This great movement made a huge and advance difference in the world today and also back in the days. It brought major contrasts with civilization in Europe during this time period. This has become of my interest not only because it is one of the world’s most known events, but also because it is a movement that benefited and contributed intellectual developments in most parts of the world today. It is most commonly known that one of the reasons the Renaissance period took place was because theology was rejected by the Middle Ages and was taken over by science. The outlook and institutions of the Middle Ages disintegrated and conspicuous modern forms, like science, emerged. Because of the different levels in society during the time of this intellectual movement, all...
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...The Renaissance was a time of rebirth and changes in the lives of many people and many people’s views on how humanity functioned. After the calamitous 14th Century in which many people were murdered through wars, or die naturally by plague, the survivors started to look at the world in a whole new way. The philosophies of many people had changed after such near death experiences and the Renaissance blossomed from the Renaissance. The Medici family were catalyst to the Renaissance as the were patrons of the arts. Art was a crucial part of the renaissance as this changed the method in which people viewed life greatly and so created many new methods in portraying the mind of the artist. Two such great sculptors of the Renaissance were Donato di Niccolo di Betto Bardi and Michelangelo did Lodovico Buonarroti Simoni. Michelanglo and David are most famous for creating the sculptures of David from the High and Low Renaissance respectively. The sculptures’ of Donatello and Michelangelo are both drastically different, evidenced by the influences of their respective Patrons, the time period that the sculptures depicted and the symbolism behind each sculpture. The influences of the two sculptures are important to find out how the final result of each Sculpture was. Donatello’s David was commissioned by the Medici family, at the time it was thought out of the ordinary for a member or a group of government to commission a piece of art. The fact that the Medici commissioned this artwork...
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...After viewing the beginning unit, The Renaissance, I firmly believe that the lectures provided by Professor Fleetham argue that Renaissance humanists valued a practical education due to poetry, the use of original sources, and the constant practice of composition, speech, and persuasion. The unit one, section one, lecture states that The Renaissance was strongly based on the rebirth and rejuvenation of ancient times. Italian cities began the trend of humanism and related it to education, resulting in Northern Europe being greatly affected. The rebirth, or break from the Middle Ages, left several people with the idea to revive classical culture. Humanism not only began to refresh the outdated culture of the middle ages, but also to revitalize several respected religious figures. Although humanists like Leo X and Pius II did not fully agree with the church’s negative mindsets concerning education, both religious leaders sought to elevate the liberal arts. As stated in the primary reading, classic learning was vital for both individuals and political families who had children being tutored. By promoting this educational reform, original sources of text and research were available to the community for advancement in knowledge. As stated in the second lecture, humanists loved the words of language and constantly challenged the best of classical authors. Peter Paul Vergerius made one specifically brave move by devising one of the first humanist educational programs in Italy. By making...
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...During the middle of the 14th century, a cultural movement, known as the Renaissance emerged as an important impact to the beginning of a historical era. It developed during the Middle Ages in Italy and later expanded to Europe. It was around this time, from the period in mid 14th century thru 16th century, when the well-known artists, such as Leonardo Da Vinci and Michelangelo, contributed to bringing about changes to the world of art and even inspired the term “Renaissance Men”. The word renaissance meaning “rebirth” in French, influenced the ancient Greek and Roman culture as well. So many artists began to observe the natural world attempting to capture their imagination and express themselves through their work of art. These art pieces, being created, included two dimensional media, such as paintings and drawings, and three dimensional media, such as sculptures. Two works of renaissance arts by two different artists will be closely observed by exploring the vocabulary of arts and also the various principles of design. Additional information as to the potential meaning and historical influence of the artwork, artist’s motivation and their professional background, as well as the comparisons and contrasts to artist’s styles will also be observed. The first artist is Lorenzo Ghiberti (1378-1455), an Italian artist best known for his works in sculptor and metal working. His first art piece being observed is the The Story of Jacob and Esau and second art piece is the Creation of...
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...greatest European cultural movement and great innovations within the fields of science, art and literature. The Renaissance art finds its roots mostly in Classical Greek and Roman art. Early renaissance art was created in parallel with late Medieval art and it was also greatly influenced by Gothic arts, an older art style that was developed in the 12th century and during late middle ages. Although religious topics and events remained very popular which reflected the influence of medieval art, but more emphasis was placed on the meaning and the realistic qualities of the artwork by renaissance artists. As the political and social domination of church started to diminish and the humanist movement grew in popularity, the renaissance art took a different direction and distinctive characteristics started to develop in different areas. The artists started to separate themselves from their Middle Ages heritage by going against the religious traditionalism. To keep up with the humanist movement the renaissance artists started to portray more life-like and more realistic human forms, and they broke from medieval traditions in painting, sculpture and architecture. The decline of Church absolutism also altered people’s religious views and produced a different view of life. The renaissance patrons demanded art that showed joy in human beauty and life's pleasures. The renaissance artists had to produce arts to meet the tastes of their patrons. A combination of social and political conditions...
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...History has one page, like the middle ages and the Renaissance, for so many reason they have their similarities and their differences but yet history only has one page. That one page is called Repetition. The art and the lifestyles, the ideas, the architecture. To start off with the middle ages is known as a time period between the 5th and the 15th century, it was lapse of time that lasted since the fall of the roman empire until the renaissance. There were differences but some similarities to the roman and middle ages for example: Sculpture: Greek and Roman classical influences. Use of bronze (Donatello) but for middle ages Sculpture: Was More gothic; extremely detailed. The Architecture for the Roman: Were Rounded arches, clear lines. Less detailed Focus on balance and form. But the Architecture for middle ages: Gothic style, Pointed arches, Elaborate detail. Renaissance means, "to be reborn," and the "rebirth" has happened and still happening throughout the history of this planet. Anytime there is new technology, and new thinking, there is going to be a general change in the way things are done. It didn't just happen after the Middle Ages, but several times after that. The Industrial Revolution affecting all aspects of people's lives, even spilling over into drama, poetry, and music; and more recently--the Technological Revolution. The Renaissance was a historical art period that led to the abandonment of the Middle Ages. The artists abandoned the...
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...covered by a second shell, covered with over 4 million terracotta tiles * The base of the dome is tensioned by horizontal chains of iron and wood * Brunelleschi created cantilever scaffolding that could rise as the building went up and also created new pulleys and hoists to bring up the heavy masses of stone to the top of the dome * The dome is pointed which gives it a gothic shape, rather than a classical shape which matches the gothic church itself * The dome’s design allows the lantern to rise 375 feet about the pavement * The Last Judgement scenes are painted on the inner dome by Vasari and Zuccaro Sources: Campbell, Stephen J. and Cole, Michael W. Italian Renaissance Art. Thames & Hudson. 2011. Print Finnan, Vincent. Retrieved on May 19, 2014: http://www.italian-renaissance-art.com/Brunelleschi.html Khan Academy. Retrieved on May 19 2014: http://smarthistory.khanacademy.org/brunelleschis-dome.html 1.37 Birth of the Virgin (St. Savinus altarpiece),1342, by Pietro Lorenzetti * Birth of the Virgin, tempera on panel painting, was custom-made for the Siena Cathedral. * The composition is Byzantine but the painting as a whole is Italian showing the influence of Giotto * Pietro treats the frame, which consists of three parts, as a three-arched screen through which we see a domestic interior. * The center and...
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...Renaissance The first important painter of the Renaissance was Giotto di Bondone In 1334, Giotto was appointed chief architect in Florence, where he remained until his death in 133Therefore, as the city-states of Italy began to develop great wealth during the early fifteenth century, architects and sculptors rose to fame and power. In 1401, Florence held a competition to choose the artist to design and sculpt a pair of bronze doors for the Baptistry, a church honoring St. Paul the Baptist. The Italian Renaissance is divided into three major phases: Early, High, and Late Renaissance. The Early Renaissance was lead by sculptor Donatello, architect Filippo Brunelleschi, and painter Masaccio. They began the movement on the foundations that development and progress was integral to the evolution and survival of the arts. They found their inspiration form antiquity, creating realistic figures that portrayed personality and behavior. They focused on the laws of proportion for architecture, the human body, and space. The term Early Renaissance encompasses most 15th century art. The High Renaissance sought to create a generalized style of art that focused on drama, physical presence, and balance. The major artists of this period were Leonardo Da Vinci, Donato Bramante, Michelangelo, Raphael, and Titian. The period lasted only a short time from 1495 to 1520. The Late Renaissance was put into motion by the sack of Rome in 1527, forcing artists to relocate to other artistic centers in Italy...
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...The Renaissance is an art movement that commonly refers to a corresponding historical time period falling in between the 14th and the 17th centuries. It began in the part of Europe which is now known as Italy, during a time when the area was organized into city-states and other political territories formed in the few centuries following the fall of the Roman Republic. This region was a large center of trade and thus, there was much wealth to draw many artists and scholars. However, there was a shift from the scholasticism of earlier mediaeval times to largely focusing on the humanities. There was also an emphasis on realism, attempting to remain as objective as possible when interpreting various works; drawing from studies in form, line, lighting, and the human figure based in Greek and Roman times. Eventually, in the last couple centuries of the period, the influences had spread across Europe partially due to the invention of the printing press. Several examples of Renaissance era artists are Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, and Hieronymus Bosch.Surrealism is an art movement that officially started in 1924 with the publication of Le Manifeste du Surréalisme (The Surrealist Manifesto), written by André Breton. Surrealism is believed to have been formed as a reaction to the earlier Dadaism art movement, which aimed to be an anti-art protest of the horrors brought about from World War I. Focusing on the more positive side of that protest/revolutionary process, the surrealists sought...
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...Renaissance and Reformation Effects The Renaissance began in the 1300s in Florence, Italy and reached to the 15th Century where it spread to the whole Western Europe. Renaissance means “rebirth” because of its changes from the primitive medieval times to the modern Renaissance. Both, the Renaissance and the Reformation had many effect on the European society and some of their impacts were combined. They believed that the human spirit had to be reawakened as it was in the classical times of Greece and the Roman Empire. Many new inventions, techniques and ideas helped to change the human society and caused a spiritual and religious crisis that shatters the Christian unity known as the Reformation. Many elements affected the social economic in the Renaissance. Everything began with the humanist as they revived an interest in ancient Greece and Rome to increase their understanding of their own times. During the process of this time period the society shifts from agriculture to urban in which trade is inter-regional and growing fast. The growth of trade helped the merchants to become powerful money leaders and developed a new middle class. In one hand the Renaissance effected individual scholars, writers, artists, wealth merchants and ruler could patronize the arts. But in the other hand the peasants still had their old simple life’s in which they had to work hard and fight for staying alive. But not only had the economy changed, there were also some changes in fine arts, where...
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