...Wind Turbine Manufacturers in the U.S.: Locations and Local Impacts WINDPOWER 2010 Conference and Exhibition Dallas, Texas Suzanne Tegen May 26, 2010 NREL/PR-6A2-47913 NREL is a national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC. Challenges to modeling Renewables Renewables represent new industries • Not isolated as an industry in conventional I/O codes Requires detailed knowledge of project costs and industry specific expenditures • Equipment, Engineering, Labor, Permitting, O&M, etc. The Wind JEDI Model • Provides a project basic project recipe for specific RE technologies • Applies Industry Specific Multipliers derived from IMPLAN National Renewable Energy Laboratory Innovation for Our Energy Future Jobs and Economic Impacts from the JEDI Model Wind Energy’s Economic Impacts JEDI Model Version W1.09.03e Local Revenue, Turbine, & Supply Chain Impacts Project Development & Onsite Labor Impacts •Construction workers •Management •Administrative support •Cement truck drivers •Road crews •Maintenance workers •Legal and siting •Blades, towers, gear boxes •Boom truck & management, gas and gas station workers; •Supporting businesses, such as bankers financing the construction, contractor, manufacturers and equipment suppliers; •Utilities; •Hardware store purchases and workers, spare parts and their suppliers Induced Impacts Jobs and earnings that...
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...Application of Ocean Wave Generator Equipment K’Adesh A.D. Hepburn University of Arkansas Department of Electrical Engineering, Energy Systems Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701 Abstract- This paper purposes the techniques and optimization of Ocean Wave Generation equipment. This paper analysis the characteristics and operational reformation of Power generation through Ocean wave technology, with special background in Oceanology. “Ocean energy has the potential of providing a substantial amount of new renewable energy around the world.(Carbon Trust 2006)” [3]. Ocean Wave generator equipment should be primarily use for power generation. Ocean wave can be advantageous due to nonexistence fossil fuel coal emission and nuclear radiation. The most basic functionality requirement of a generator in a wave energy converter (WEC) is that of mechanical to electrical power conversion – in similar manner to the functionality of a generator in a fossil fuel power plant. [2]. Oppose to on water oil rigs, whose residue still resides in the gulf coast. Ocean Wave generator can be the future of renewable energy. The gist of Ocean Wave generation relies mostly on kinetic energy of the tidal wave develop by the wind. Power generation can be control with an Ocean Wave generator. Research is also being conduct on Ocean wave harvesting allowing us to harness this energy. However, there is the question about Marine life, if there are any harmful toxins that can jeopardize the marine life in a particular...
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...Issue/Coal Mining in Arkansas Kathleen Hastings November 7, 2013 SCI 275 Clifford Blizard Community Environmental Issue/Coal Mining in Arkansas “Coal Production in Arkansas is not often done, but there are some cases in Arkansas. In 2004, the state produced about seven thousand short tons of coal. Arkansas was twenty sixth in the nation in coal production according to the National Mining Association. Arkansas does have many coal deposits; however, the most accessible coal has already been mixed. There is bituminous coal present in the Arkansas River Valley. There are about 9 billion tons of lignite coal in the eastern and southern parts of Arkansas. We get most of our coal from Wyoming. Arkansas used over fifteen million short tons of coal for electricity in 2004. (SourceWatch) Active Coal Mining sites are inspected each month by personal from the Russellville Field Office. When infractions are noted, notices of violation and cessation orders may be issued by the site’s inspector.” (Coal Program, Wayne Van Buren) “The Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act of 1977 (SMCRA) established performance standards for coal mining operations for the express purpose of protecting society and the environment from the adverse effects of surface coal mining operations. The Arkansas Surface Coal Mining and Reclamation Code (ASCMRC) was adopted by Arkansas Pollution Control and Ecology Commission on July 25, 1980.” (Coal Program, Wayne Van Buren) “The Arkansas Surface Coal Mining...
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...The fortune 500 company I chose was Wal-Mart Stores Inc. Sam Walton opened the first Wal-Mart store in Rogers, Arkansas on July 2, 1962. The company officially incorporated as Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. in 1967. Sam Walton’s created Wal-Mart with the idea of achieving higher sales volumes by keeping sales prices lower than his competitors by reducing his profit margin. Their mission statement is closely related, “We save people money so they can live better”. This idea has made Wal-Mart flourish into one of the biggest retails stores there is. In this paper I will focus on ways Wal-Mart is trying to not just improve their business but their environment as well. One of the goals that Wal-Mart has is to be supplied 100 percent by renewable energy. They are using a strategic plan to achieve this goal. At Wal-Mart’s Global Sustainability Milestone Meeting, the company committed to achieving the following by Dec. 31, 2020: Drive the production or procurement of 7 billion kWh of renewable energy globally every year, a percent increase over 2010 levels and reduce the kWh/sq. ft. energy intensity required to power Wal-Mart’s buildings globally by 20 percent compared to 2010 levels. Duke, M. (2013, April 15). Wal-Mart plans to do this by installing solar power on at least 1,000 rooftops and distributions by 2020. They also plan to increase LED usage in sales floor lighting, parking lots and other applications. The company will continue to develop projects in wind, fuel cells and other technologies...
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...James Shanks EN1420 Final Paper The Hidden Costs of Green Energy In this day of steadily rising energy costs, increasing difficulty in finding readily accessible supplies of non-renewable resources, aging power production and transport facilities and environmental awareness individuals, local government and private utilities are turning towards renewable energy resources at an increasing rate. Many of these entities tout the benefit of their decisions as “green” and “environmentally friendly”. The real cost of these projects is often ignored completely either through true ignorance of the facts or in an attempt to be duplicitous about the damage that is really being done. In 2013 4,751 MW of new photovoltaic (PV) capacity was installed representing a 41 percent increase in deployment over installation levels in 2012 (Solar Industry Data, 2014). While this might mean a reduction in non-renewable resources (referred to as NRR’s going forward) burned, it also represents a drastic increase in the use and production of numerous toxic chemicals that result from the PV manufacturing process. According to Dustin Mulvaney, Assistant Professor of Environmental Studies at San Jose State University, the production of PV panels begins with the creation of Silicon wafers, a process that uses and/or produces sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide both of which are known as caustic chemicals that can be dangerous to the eyes, lungs and skin. As the production process continues...
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...Walmart Supercenter * 2.1.3 Walmart Market * 2.1.4 Supermercado de Walmart * 2.1.5 Walmart Express * 2.2 Sam's Club * 2.3 Walmart International * 2.4 Vudu * 2.5 Private label brands * 2.6 Entertainment * 3 Corporate affairs * 3.1 Finance and governance * 3.2 Competition * 3.3 Customer base * 3.4 Economic impact * 3.5 Employee and labor relations * 3.6 Gender and sexual orientation * 3.7 Logos * 4 See also * 4.1 Television and film * 4.2 Other * 5 References * 6 Further reading * 7 External links | History Main article: History of Walmart Early years (1945–1969) Sam Walton's original Walton's Five and Dime store in Bentonville, Arkansas now serving as the Walmart Visitor Center In 1945 a businessman and former J. C. Penney employee, Sam Walton, purchased a branch of the Ben Franklin Stores from the Butler Brothers.[12] Sam's focus was on selling products at low prices to get higher-volume sales at a lower-profit margin. He portrayed it as a crusade for the consumer. He experienced setbacks, because the lease price and branch purchase were unusually high, but he was able to find lower-cost suppliers than the ones used by other stores. He passed on the savings in the product pricing.[13] Sales increased 45 percent in his first year of ownership to...
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...Alqarni, Abdullah Homework Assignment # 8 Geology 1, Section # 1176 or 1177 (pick one) Dr. Beraki Woldehaimanot Date (assignment completed) QUESTIONS GEOLOGIC TIME 1. Distinguish between numerical (radioactive) dates and relative dates. numerical specify the actual number of years that have passed since an event occurred; relative means placing rocks in their property sequences of formation 2. Refer to the geologic cross section accompanying question 10 on page 333 (your textbook). Your task is to place the lettered features in the proper sequence, from oldest to youngest. 3. Would you expect to find fossils of humans and Dinosaurs in the same rock? Explain. No. 4. Define half-life. Half-life is defined as the time it takes for one half of a radioactive element to decay into a daughter isotope. 5. Answer question 6 from page 332 in your textbook (section: Give It Some Though). 6. Answer question 10 from page 333 in your textbook (section: Give It Some Though).(same as # 2) RUNNING WATER & GROUNDWATER 7. Over the oceans, evaporation exceeds precipitation, yet sea level does not drop. Explain why. Most precipitation originates by evaporation from the oceans. Over time, water evaporated from the oceans is replenished by inflow of freshwater from rivers and streams. Continental ice sheets and glaciers have a strong effect on sea level changes. Expanding glacial ice volumes result in lowered sea level, shrinking ice sheets and glaciers...
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...Hydraulic Fracturing Does More Bad than Good Oil is a very important asset in life today. Everyone needs oil for one thing or another, especially transportation. Generally, the United States imports most of its oil from foreign countries for American use, however, in order to limit how much America relies on foreign oil, hydraulic fracturing is used. Hydraulic fracturing sounds like it would solve a lot of problems for the United States. Having a supply of oil for its own citizens rather than importing oil from foreign countries sounds like a convenience, but hydraulic fracturing is not safe for people, wildlife or the environment. There are several steps in the fracking process. Hydraulic fracturing, otherwise known as fracking, forces open fissures in subterranean rocks by introducing liquid at high pressure to extract oil or gas and there are more than 500,000 active natural gas wells in the U.S. (dangersoffracking.com). Each and every gas well requires at least 400 tanker trucks to carry water and supplies to and from each site and it takes 1-8 million gallons of water to complete just one fracturing job alone (dangersoffracking.com). After the water is brought in to the site, it is then mixed with chemicals and sand to create the fracking fluid. Nearly 40,000 gallons of chemicals are used per fracturing, some of which include lead, mercury, radium, and formaldehyde (dangersoffracking.com). After the fracking fluid is made, it is then injected into the ground at a high...
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...Physical Geology: Term Paper The break that now separates the Ouachita Mountains from the Appalachians, a feature known as the Mississippi Embayment, constitutes one of the largest and least understood landforms of the central U.S. In the article, “The Mississippi’s Curious Origins” the authors, Roy B. Van Arsdale and Randel T. Cox shed light on the mysterious Mississippi Embayment. They begin by explaining the origins of the horseshoe-shaped lowland that is underlain by massive quantities of sand, silt and mud deposits. They begin at what geologist call Pangea, which is when North America, South America, Africa and Eurasia came together to form one supercontinent. This collision raised several mountain ranges, including the Ouachita-Appalachian. Pangea is said to be ripped apart where it had previously been sutured together: just outside the arc of the Ouachita-Appalachian Mountains. This opening formed both the Atlantic Ocean and the Gulf of Mexico. This article then states that for a long period of time the Gulf Coast remained geologically stable, with no continents plowing into it or rifting away. The northern coast of the Gulf Coast began to warp upward over a large area; this is the footprint of what is now the Mississippi Embayment. As the very large arch that formed up to three kilometers high and then subsided just as much below sea level, what had been the crest of a high, arched mountain range became inundated with seawater and was eventually buried by as...
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...and allegations of unethical behavior. Students will likely have heard stories of unethical and illegal activities involving Wal-Mart, and should be encouraged to share them in class. However, Wal-Mart has gained significant ground in recent years in regaining its reputation. The company has been a leader of adopting energy-efficient and renewable energy technology, offers a broad selection of organic items, and has improved its employee rights record. Nevertheless, it is still Wal-Mart, the largest corporation in the world, and many people remain hesitant to accept that Wal-Mart has fundamentally changed its ways. After having students read this case, instructors may want to ask whether they believe Wal-Mart is inherently unethical, or whether they are convinced the giant has changed its ways. As Wal-Mart has grown, its strategy has changed. Could its new push into sustainability and social responsibility be driven by profits, not by a real desire to clean up its act? In the 1970s, Wal-Mart’s strategy was to go into secondary markets, meaning communities with fewer than 10,000 residents. The company’s logistical strategy was to grow out from Bentonville, Arkansas in order to gain channel economies of scale. By attacking secondary towns, the competition, normally small independents, could not compete on price and closed down. This, combined with the throw-away culture of the times (low quality-low price), helped Wal-Mart grow rapidly which enabled it to enter primary markets...
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...Walmart Case Study Case study Questions and Answers: 1- Examine the development of Wal-Mart over its 40 year history. It is now nearly half a century since Walmart exists. From humble beginnings in the 1960s in Arkansas to the world’s leading retailer, Walmart has come a long way to its success. Starting domestically in Arkansas, it was dedicated to its principals; genuine customer courtesy, a culture of respect for the individual and everyday low prices. In the 1960s, Sam Walton, the founder of Walmart, started his business with a strong foundation which is providing everything to customers with low prices they can afford. From that time forward, Walmart kept its low price strategy and in return it became bigger and bigger. The company at this decade reached $ 12.7 million in sales and was incorporated as Wal-Mart stores, Inc. In the 1970s, the most appealing development in this decade was listing the company on the New York Stock Exchange (WMT). Also at that time, Walmart was growing nationally. In the 1980s, Walmart decided to take the lead among other businesses. The first Sam’s club opened to serve individuals and small businesses, the first supercentre opened in Washington that combines a supermarket with a general merchandise in order to provide one-stop shopping experience. We can say that the 80s in Walmart history was aiming to make things easier for its customers. That was clear when Walmart installed the biggest private satellite communication system in the...
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...Wal-Mart Amanda Reeves SS340-01American Business History Kaplan University Wal-Mart On July 2, 1962 when the first Wal-Mart store opened in Rogers Arkansas, no one would have guessed that in less than fifty years, one store would explode into nine-hundred and seventy one locations across the United States. The Wal-Mart Store has revolutionized the way that Americans shop for groceries, household supplies, clothes, and even home repair items. Sam Walton’s vision for a place that people could come to purchase a variety of items in one location for a reasonable price, began in 1940 when he started working in retail for J.C. Penny. During his career at Penny’s, Walton was approached by Butler Brothers Retailers, who offered him the opportunity to run one of their variety stores in Newport Arkansas called “Ben Franklin”. Walton jumped at the chance and was actually very successful at the venture. After the initial lease expired for “Ben Franklin”, Walton chose to relocate and rename the store. He moved to a building in Bentonville Arkansas, and renamed the store “Walton’s Five and Dime”. It was here that Walton learned a valuable lesson in sales. By slightly reducing his markup on products, he was able to out sell his competitors with significant profit and sales margins. Walton took this valuable knowledge and began to study and research different discount retailers across the country, learning everything he could about discount retailing...
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...Consumer Attitudes About Renewable Energy: Trends and Regional Differences Natural Marketing Institute Harleysville, Pennsylvania NREL is a national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy, operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC. Subcontract Report NREL/SR-6A20-50988 April 2011 Contract No. DE-AC36-08GO28308 Consumer Attitudes About Renewable Energy: Trends and Regional Differences Natural Marketing Institute Harleysville, Pennsylvania NREL Technical Monitors: Lori Bird and Jenny Sumner Prepared under Subcontract No. AGG-1-11880-01 NREL is a national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy, operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC. National Renewable Energy Laboratory 1617 Cole Boulevard Golden, Colorado 80401 303-275-3000 • www.nrel.gov Subcontract Report NREL/SR-6A20-50988 April 2011 Contract No. DE-AC36-08GO28308 This publication received minimal editorial review at NREL. NOTICE This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States government. Neither the United States government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately...
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...changing as the organization grows. All four functions of management are the key concept to effective management. Internal and external factors influence the decision-making process that affects management. The competitive landscape is constantly changing; therefore, managers must consider people and businesses around the world. These are used from top-level management to frontline or organizational management. Globalization, technology, innovation, diversity and ethics are factors that affect these business functions. One can examine almost any organization and find this to be true. Wal-Mart is one of the leading retail organizations in the world whose management functions are affected by these factors. Opening its doors in Rogers, Arkansas, Wal-Mart started a profitable business in 1962. The founder, Sam Walton, could never have envisioned where his company would be in the present. Earning approximately $30,000 in 1962, Wal-Mart has evolved into a multi-billion dollar company earning over $15 billion in 2011 (Walmartstores.com, 2012). This evolution could not have come without careful planning, strategic implementation, and control of its business processes. These factors are the deciding factor in choosing the correct organizational structure. Taking cues from its needs, Wal-Mart has a created a hierarchal structure that is departmentalized to leverage the skills and strengths of the...
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...Report Two: Global Business Issues Abstract As a group we were posed with the task of addressing six different issues using ten different articles from Business week and five sources of peer reviewed articles. The first issue that we addressed was Global Self-Awareness which is “the continuum through which students develop a mature, integrated identity with a systemic understanding of the interrelationships among the self, local and global communities, and the natural and physical world.” The next issue addressed was Perspective which is “Taking the continuum through which students develop a mature, integrated identity with a systemic understanding of the interrelationships among the self, local and global communities, and the natural and physical world. Another issue we addressed was Cultural Diversity which is “the ability to recognize the origins and influences of one’s own cultural heritage along with its limitations in providing all that one needs to know in the world.” The next issue talked about was Personal and Social Responsibility which is “the ability to recognize one’s responsibilities to society-locally, nationally, and globally- and to develop a perspective on ethical and power relations both across the globe and within individual societies.” The next topic discussed was Understanding Global Systems which is “the complex and overlapping worldwide systems, including natural systems and human systems, which operate in observable patterns and often are affected...
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