...Sustainable Energy Development Authority SUSTAINABLE ENERGY DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY BILL 2010 ARRANGEMENT OF CLAUSES PART I PRELIMINARY Clause 1 1. 2. Short title and commencement Interpretation PART II THE AUTHORITY 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. Establishment of the Authority Common seal Membership of the Authority Temporary exercise of functions of the Chairman Schedule Approval to hold other offices Tenure of office Remuneration and allowances Revocation of appointment and resignation Vacation of office Committees Disclosure of interest PART III FUNCTIONS AND POWERS OF THE AUTHORITY 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. Functions of the Authority Powers of the Authority Additional functions of the Authority Delegation of the Authority’s functions and powers Direction by Minister Returns, reports, accounts and information Authority may establish and participate in bodies corporate 2 Bill PART IV EMPLOYEES OF THE AUTHORITY Clause 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. The Chief Executive Officer Temporary exercise of functions of Chief Executive Officer Appointment of employees of the Authority Conditions of service Payment of retirement benefits, etc. Loans, scholarships and advances Authority may adopt regulations, etc. PART V FINANCE 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. The Sustainable Energy Development Authority Fund Expenditure to be charged on the Fund Conservation of the Fund Bank accounts Power to borrow Investment Limitation on...
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...Energy 34 (2009) 1225–1235 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Energy journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/energy Oil palm biomass as a sustainable energy source: A Malaysian case study S.H. Shuit, K.T. Tan, K.T. Lee*, A.H. Kamaruddin School of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Engineering Campus, Seri Ampangan, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t Article history: Received 24 October 2008 Received in revised form 13 May 2009 Accepted 14 May 2009 Available online 13 June 2009 It has been widely accepted worldwide that global warming is by far the greatest threat and challenge in the new millennium. In order to stop global warming and to promote sustainable development, renewable energy is a perfect solution to achieve both targets. Presently million hectares of land in Malaysia is occupied with oil palm plantation generating huge quantities of biomass. In this context, biomass from oil palm industries appears to be a very promising alternative as a source of raw materials including renewable energy in Malaysia. Thus, this paper aims to present current scenario of biomass in Malaysia covering issues on availability and sustainability of feedstock as well as current and possible utilization of oil palm biomass. This paper will also discuss feasibility of some biomass conversion technologies and some ongoing projects in Malaysia related to utilization of oil palm biomass as...
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...From a global perspective, Malaysia has made considerable headway in environmental issues compared to other countries. In the 2010 Environmental Performance Index Malaysia ranked 54th out of 163 examined countries and performed better than countries like Poland, the US or Belgium in addressing environmental challenges. Despite a relatively positive environmental record, the country faces a number of problems such as deforestation, pollution of inland and marine waters, soil and coastal erosion, overfishing and coral reef destruction, along with air pollution and the disposal of hazardous and communal waste due to the rapid economic growth and industrialization in the past decade. The most prominent at the moment are considered to be air pollution from industrial emissions, solid waste management, ensuring longterm sustainability of the water supply and sewerage services and overall improvements of energy efficiency to re-establish a clean Malaysia. Malaysia has realized that investing in environmental protection is becoming increasingly important. Therefore, environmental awareness is building up. Under the 9th Malaysian Plan (2006-2010), the Malaysian government had placed emphasis on preventive measures to mitigate and minimise negative environmental effects at source, to intensify conservation efforts and to ensure a sustainable development of both exhaustible and the renewable energy resources. There are industries which still require large efforts to be...
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...Overview of Sustainable Industry in Malaysia. The 2014 was a huge success to government which a total 396.61MW of renewable energy approved by the Sustainability Energy Development Authority and its represent a total 466% year-on-year growth. The increase of the renewable energy represent years of planning and execution by relevant authorities to regulate and draft policies that suits Malaysian environment. As sustainable industry and climate change are interrelated, often the regulation and policies are overlapped. The Malaysian governement acknowledge the importance of government’s role in reducing climate change, therefore the history of Malaysian government in regulating the policies can be traced back as far as 1992. Below are summary of the Malaysian government sustainavle development agenda: In 2009, Malaysian parliament had passed the National Renewable Energy policy and Action Plan (2009) with the vision to enhance the utilization of indigenous renewable energy (RE) resources to contribute towards national electricity supply security and sustainable socioeconomic development. The objectives of the policies are: To increase RE contribution in the national power generation mix; To facilitate the growth of the RE industry; To ensure reasonable RE generation costs; To conserve the environment for future generations; and To enhance awareness on the role and importance of RE. The National Green Technology Policy which was introduced in 2009 has 2 Strategic...
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...Renewable Energy hotmail2008 Table of Contents Executive Summary 2 Introduction 3 Wind Energy Data 5 Analysis 6 Conclusion 8 Bibliography 9 Executive Summary The majority of our nation’s energy is highly dependent on finite fossil energy sources, like coal and oil. Using fossil fuels to create electricity creates emissions that are both harmful to the environment and our health. Renewable energy sources provide a clean and viable long term alternative to fossil fuels. Renewable energy is energy generated by natural resources in the form of solar, wind, geothermal, hydroelectric, and tidal waves. Among the diversity of renewable energy, wind energy is the fastest growing power technology in the world. According to the U.S. government Energy Information Administration, the production of wind energy will be at least 20% by the year 2030. This report will prove the validity of this statement by using hypothesis analysis. Hypothesis analysis will reject the null hypothesis that wind energy production will be less then 20% in favor of the alternate hypothesis that states wind energy production will be at least 20% or greater. Introduction The majority of our nation’s energy is produced from the burning of fossil fuels, like coal, oil, and natural gas. Life as we know it and our economy revolves around these finite resources. Unfortunately, with our great demand for energy, especially gasoline, world production of oil has already reached its maximum...
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...Introduction Energy is a vital element in all countries’ development. Considering the importance of energy for sustainable development, the United Nations (UN) introduced a global plan in 2012 called “sustainable energy for all (SE4ALL)” to involve all societies in providing global sustainable renewable energy by 2030. The term sustainable development has been defined in different ways, but the most commonly quoted definition is “the development that meets the needs of current generations without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs” (cited in Soubbotina, 2004, p. 9). The renewable energy plays a crucial role in contribution to sustainable development to satisfy the needs of the future generations. This paper...
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...Off-Grid Renewable Energy Applications- World Wide School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Abstract: About 1.4 billion urban and rural households around the world remain without electricity access today. 85% of these households are in rural areas and find it geographically challenging to benefit from grid-connected electricity for power supply. In the developing countries, rural areas mainly rely on inconvenient non-commercial resources like wood, agricultural residues etc. as sources of power generation. Hence, Off-Grid power, which can be generated on-site from renewable energy sources such as solar, wind and biomass, plays a major role for the future of rural electrification world-wide. To achieve universal access of electricity, International Energy Agency (IEA) estimates that by 2030 about 171 TWh of Off-Grid electricity will need to be generated for providing power to approximately 210M or 20% of total rural households. This paper focuses on understanding the implementation and impact of three Off-Grid renewable energy systems in three different developing countries. Two of them are successfully implemented and the other is currently under implementation. The fully implemented Off-Grid systems selected for this paper are “Off-Grid Rural Electrification-Ladakh” in India and “Off grid Solar Power System for a rural village” in Malaysia. The system that is currently being implemented is the “Rural Renewable Energy Development Project” in Bhutan. These projects have...
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...Energy plays a significant role in our daily life. Could you imagine what will happen to us without energy? Without ‘it’ we could not power electricity to our homes, the vehicles we use to drive us to work could not function properly, and any type of industries you can think about, also would not run. These examples shows how vital the role of energy usage to mankind. In Malaysia, our main sources of energy is fossil fuel which includes coal, petroleum and natural gas. These elements are substantial in being the core features for powering Malaysia, but these sources are depleting in numbers. According to the British Petroleum World Energy 2015, it states the statistics for Malaysia’s reserve and production net for gas and petroleum is 16.2...
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...Renewable Energy Page 1 Renewable Energy Nathan Wenzel University of Phoenix Renewable Energy Page 2 “According to a new UN report, the global warming outlook is much worse than originally predicted, which is pretty bad, when they originally predicted it would destroy the planet.” (Jay Leno). Humans are creating a lot of damage to the planet’s environment, and if we don't do anything to prevent the carnage soon, the results could be disastrous. Most people have knowledge about global warming and believe it may be a sincere dilemma in the future. What most people don't know is that global warming is currently happening, and we are already experiencing some of what it is capable of doing. Knowing of the harmful effects of global warming, alternative energy sources need to be pursued. Finding and using alternative energy sources may be the only way to stop the increase of global warming. Global Warming is something that is greatly influenced by the energy crisis. Most of global energy production is produced from fossil fuel such as coal, oil and natural gas. The vast majority of fossil fuels generate energy which is used for many purposes for residential, transportation and industrial...
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...Assignment 1 Renewable and Non-Renewable Energy Resources for Generating Electricity Question 1 Define the following terms: a) Non-renewable resources Most developed nations are dependent on the non-renewable energy sources such as fossil fuels (coal and oil) and nuclear power. It means that a resources that is replaced slowly by natural earth processes in such a way that once used by people, it will not be available again within a useful time frame. Example of non-renewable resources includes oil, coal, rocks, and minerals. b) Renewable resources Renewable resources have become a focal point of the environmental movement, both politically and economically. Energy obtained from renewable resources puts much less strain on the limited supply of fossil fuels (non-renewable resources).It mean that a resource that is quickly replaced or recycled by natural processes in a time frame that makes it useful for human consumption or use. Examples are include cotton, wood, solar energy, water. Some renewable resources have essentially an endless supply, such as solar energy, wind energy and geothermal pressure, while other resources are considered renewable even though some time or effort must go into their renewal, such as wood, oxygen, leather and fish. c) Hydroelectricity It is a renewable energy source where power is derived from the energy of water moving from higher to lower elevations. Hydropower (from hydro, meaning water) is energy that comes from the force of...
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... | | |Malaysia: Building Integrated Photovoltaic (BIPV) Technology |United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) | |Application Project Malaysia: Building Integrated Photovoltaic | | |Systems Project (BIPVS) | | |Country of countries in which the Project is being implemented: |Country eligibility: | |Malaysia | | | |Ratified the UNFCCC on 17 July 1994. | |GEF Focal Area (s): |Operational program/short-term measure: | | | | | |OP-7: Reducing the long-term costs of low GHG emitting energy | |Climate Change |technologies ...
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...Meters Conclusion Copyright © 2012 Pike Research 2 Smart Grid Goals Sustainable, Secure, Environmentally Safe Energy • Reduce utility operating costs • Improve grid reliability • Increase energy efficiency Less Grid Intelligence Reduce overall demand Reduce end-to-end system losses Shift peak demand (C&I, residential) • “Soft” consumer-driven “demand response” • Verifiable, centrally controlled demand response • Integrate renewable generation Intermittent, bulk generation Renewable Distributed Energy Generation (RDEG) • Support electric transportation transition Commercial and personal vehicles (PEV) Copyright © 2012 Pike Research More Grid Intelligence 3 General Drivers for Smart Grid Energy Independence Security Carbon Reduction Regulatory Goals Demand Response Safety Own Generation Reliability Customer Service PEVs Forecasting Efficiency Profitability Billing Lower Energy Costs Market Operation Opex Reduction Collections Energy Management Renewables IT/OT Infrastructure Communications / Automation Network Power Network Suppliers Copyright © 2012 Pike Research Transmission Substation Distribution Metering Consumers (Source: Pike Research) 4 Smart Meters • Smart meter definition Integrated intelligence (computing and memory) with energy readings at least once per hour Integrated, two-way communications for remote reading and control of the meter •...
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...Research in Sustainable Energy Economics Shuddhasattwa Rafiq Greenpeace Video on Sustainable Energy.mp4 Presentation Plan • Motivation • Research areas • Papers and proposals in different research areas Motivations To undertake meaningful academic and professional research in the field of energy economics which would ultimately lead to delivering key sustainability principles in regional, national and international levels. Pure data driven analytical studies based on recent quantitative research underpinnings strengthen sustainable energy planning to ensure community involvement, inter-generational equity, biological diversity, ecological integrity, and precautionary social and environmental investment. Research Areas • • • • Energy Conservation Renewable Energy Sustainable Mining Community Oil Price Volatility Energy Conservation (a) Rafiq, S. and Salim, Ruhul A. 2010, ‘The Linkage between energy consumption and income: A multivariate cointegration analysis in developing economies,’ International Journal of Emerging Markets, forthcoming. (b) Rafiq, S. and Salim, Ruhul A. 2009. ‘Temporal causality between energy consumption and income in six Asian emerging countries,’ Applied Economics Quarterly, Vol. 55, no. 4, 335-350. Objective: • Identifying energy conservation possibilities in emerging economies by implementing a multivariate demand side time series econometric analysis. (c) Rafiq, S., Salim, Ruhul A. and Bloch, H. 2010, ‘Relationship between oil consumption...
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...much focus in the recent years as people are beginning to strive for a balance between economic growth and sustainability. In fact, many developed countries such as UK, Japan have implemented strict environmental policies to enhance the quality on the environment and to preserve the sustainability of its resources. It is viewed that Malaysia’s effort has been marginal in achieving effective management of resources, pollution control and prevention of environmental degradation. Tax Incentives ENERGY Energy sector is one of the target sectors of Green Technology under the National Green Technology Policy. Various attractive incentives are given to businesses to encourage the generation of renewable energy (RE) such as biomass, biogas, hydropower and solar power, and the efficient use of energy (EE). Conservation of energy is a promoted activity under the Promotion of Investments Act of 1986, companies providing EE services or companies that incur capital expenditure for conserving energy for own consumption can be considered for the Pioneer Status or the Investment Tax Allowance. Besides, for companies who intend to implement Power Quality Improvement Projects can apply for Accelerated Capital Allowance (ACA). On top of these, income received from the sale of certified emission reduction would be exempt from income tax. Incentives Available to Companies Adopting RE/EE Initiatives: a) Pioneer Status: Exempt from income tax on 100% of statutory income for 10 years. Accumulated...
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...roughly thirty percent of the worlds land mass. Most of Asia is in the northern Hemisphere. China is one of the top three major energy producers and consumers of energy output for the world. Combined with the other two nations a total of 40 percent of energy was produced and consumed a total of 43 percent. (Grillot, 2006) Being combined with the other two nations and consuming almost half of the worlds total energy output is no laughing matter. The current trend in the resources that are being used, the world can’t sustain the power consumption that is needed to give everyone the needs they desire. Humans need energy to live simply surviving to developing major cities in which to live. Many forms of energy have surfaced over the years, between renewable and non renewable. The task of meeting the needs is one that weighs heavily on the minds of the people which realize that we can’t keep using the sources we have in the ways that we are. We have to consider other resources to energy consumption than non renewable resources. Asia faces the problem that they hold 60 percent of the world’s population.( ) Asia is on the forefront of becoming a more industrialized country which will need more energy consumption and more strain on the resources in which are being used. As the current trends of using; coal, gas, wood or oil as their main source of energy. The resources are going to become scares. Alternate forms of power need to be addressed such as ethanol. It has been reported...
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