THIS BEING THE REPORT ON THE 6 MONTH INDUSTRIAL TRAINING BY MR AMOSU OPEPO OLUFEMI OF MATRICULATION NUMBER 03054341

500 LEVEL ELECT/ELECT ENGINEERING

AKNOWLODGEMENT First and foremost, I give thanks to god almighty that has preserved me up till this moment and enabled me to partake of the programme and also enabled me to put this report together. Next I will like to mention the relentless effort of my dad who is never tired of me and single handedly bore my burden from childhood until now. He also never fails to give me all the support needed: morally, financially and all. Also I will like to express my deepest appreciation to my entire lecturer who has in one way or the other affected my life
Especially engr. Olajide, engr. olokede and the rest, I am very grateful

\INTRODUCTION

The six month of industrial training is called the siwes program known as student industrial working experience scheme. The scheme is intended to familiarize the engineering undergraduate students with working experience of the real engineering life.
As an engineering student, one is expected to undergo three schemes at different times which is intended to give him or her a detailed understanding of the engineering field during his or her stay for the degree programme.
The first one being SWEP: student workshop experience scheme which takes place during the holiday period of the second semester of the 200 level engineering degree programmes.
It is intended to familiarize the engineering undergraduate with the different types of machinery and tool that the student will encounter during the next phase of his or her industrial training, thus it is a kind of preparation for the three month industrial training.
This type of industrial training usually involve excursion to factories and industries that are similar to where the students are supposed to undergo the three month industrial training, thus the student is not supposed to be a new with the equipments when he or she finally gets to the industry.
Also part of the SWEP industrial training involves practical and projects on the campus e.g., identification of components on circuit boards, construction of some basic electrical and electronics projects for the elect /elect student for instance, In other words it is part practical hand work and part industry visitation, The second industrial training that the student must undertake is the three months industrial training. This takes place during the holidays of the second semester of the 300 level for the engineering undergraduate in partial fulfillment of the degree programme.
This one is supposed to be done in the outside world i.e., the industry. We collect an introductory letter from the school authorities and armed with it we go in search of placement. On getting to possible industries, we submit photocopies of the letters to a number of possible company and hope for the best.
With time, any number of the establishment that collected the letters may call on us and then we go with the original copies of the introduction letter.
The industrial training starts and ends in three months after which a report is expected along with the log book
The third and final industrial training is the six month industrial training is the six month IT and is supposed to take place during the second semester of the 400 level for the engineering undergraduate .the processes are much the same as the three months except that the duration differs and the student will be expected to get some pay through the ITF: industrial training fund thus it is much looked forward to with delight and it is a kind of escape from regular class work as class work will be substituted for industry work and it will attract grade points too, forms and logs will be taken to the ITF office to be signed and address of the placement will be left behind so as to allow the ITF staff to monitor ones progress during the training this is very important because this is the criteria to getting ones pay also reports and log books will be expected to be submitted to the school so that one is monitor and grades awarded.
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My self during the compilation of report on IT

CHAPTER 1
OBJECTIVES

The six month industrial training is designed to give the student firsthand experiences of the industry, in other words, it gives the student the chance to see and practice what he has been learning in the lecture room. Below are highlighted the objectives • It is a form of exposure: this is more so as the student is exposed to a lot of things that will prepare him for the future working condition. he meets different types of personality and learns how to deal with different characters and people with different type of background. in this way, he is prepared for life and wont be new to the system when he finally makes it to the real life situation • It is a link to future prospect as it will enable the students to make some necessary connection ahead of the future when he will need employment. and he can always use the opportunity to showcase his talent in the field and he might end up impressing them though care must betaken to avoid being too forward so as not to appear too eager to please or one will look insincere

• It simulates real life working experience and it makes it look like practice for the future • It is also an avenue for the student to make some allowances.

CHAPTER 2 I.T placement-JASA ASOCO ENGINEERING FIRM

I finally got to secure a place in November 2006, precisely the second week of November.
I was allocated to an engineering firm-JASA ASOCO ENGINEERING COMPANY LIMITED. This happens to be an indigenous firm owned by a certified engineer and a coren accredited.[pic]
MY FIRST DAY AT WORK

Initially, I was anxious as to how the work will be. Will I be at the office occupied with the monotonous computer work? No, I was pleased when the chairman announced that I will be attached to the electrical department attached to the PHCN power holdings company of Nigeria.
The first week was used to intimate and brief me about the inner working of the establishment.
The second week was for training at the PHCN head office in Victoria Island.

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My very self during installation of card meters

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The third week, I started to go out with the installation team to the installation site and before long, I was installing meters along with my teams and we were doing fine too.
Before long, I was handling installation by my self and I was making a good number of it per day
The company’s scope of work falls in the category of a sub-contracting firm handling meter installation for the PHCN.
I got to meet with a lot of top shot power engineers and I got to learn a lot of things from them especially with this particular Bulgarian engineer who was so versed in electrical power engineering. I also met with talented and young Nigerian engineer and I was the better for it. It was all exciting and fun

CHAPTER 3
SCOPE OF WORK-INSTALLATION OF DIGITAL PREPAYMENT METERING UNITS

The scope of work of the firm is mainly handling of electrical installation and maintenance of power installations, wiring jobs, installation of meters, lying of armored cables, mounting of poles and what’s not.
The work team I was attached to was mainly installation of the new digital prepayment metering unit.[pic]The card meter being installed

The PHCN has given the job of distribution and selling of energy to the eko distribution company (which is a subsidiary of the PHCN) and in it’s bid to move with the times, give a better more accurate and more efficient services, it adopted a new type of metering system and it happens to be the pre-payment metering units method also known as the card meter. In this metering system, pre payment method of payment is used i.e., a customer pays to the bank and he is issued a slip that has a 20 digit number called a token (this is analogous to GSM recharge number on the recharge card) that is used to recharge the meter by entering it on the keypad, as the number is punched the numbers displays on a small screen
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The unit on the meter being displayed in kilowatts hour

And it loads the token in kilowatts hours and it displays the value in kWh. Now as the meter is put on load, it uses up the token and the rate at which it consumes it is also displayed so that the consumer is able to monitor and if necessary regulate the consumption. This is why it is also called a REMUC METER .this is an acronym for regulate and monitor your consumption

INSTALLATION PROCEDURES:
On arrival at the PHCN office, we are given a number of meters usually fifty meters at a go and given a list of names and address of the consumers to be installed[pic]
Tools used for installation

.armed with these and our tools, we set out to the site and start to replace the old analogue meters for the new card meters. Sometimes we are welcomed, sometimes we are not, but all in all we were able to install at least an average of 20 meters per day for a team of six technicians which is the recommended amount per day from the PHCN

CHAPTER 4
ABOUT THE METERS-CONLOG SOUTH AFRICA AND UNISTAR FROM CHINA

The two major types of digital meters in use are the conlog digital meters meter imported from South Africa and the unistar meters imported from china.
My team works mainly with the conlog meters so I would only elaborate on the conlog meters only.
The conlog meters are mainly of two types viz: single phase digital meters. This is usually 25 by 10 cm in size. it has a plastic casing and a keypad on the surface for loading token onto the meter, and a display screen to monitor loading and the token consumption. Some of them have external monitor unit [pic]

External monitor with a red flashing light indicating meter on load

[pic]
Single phase conlog digital meter

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Single phase analogue meter

It also has a red LED light that flashes continuously with a frequency that is directly proportional to the amount of load i.e. the higher the load, the faster the light flashes and vice versa .the display indicates the amount of energy left before the token runs out and the consumer is automatically cut out of supply and will only be automatically connected once he loads the meter with a token.
Another point worth mentioning is that the meter is so delicate that it burns easily when wrongly connected, or lose connection and also using the wrong cable like using aluminum cables for can also cause destruction to the meter, so during installation, we are very careful and made sure there is no wrong connection and all terminals are tight also when we are to install with an aluminum cable we first get a length of copper cable and using a ferrule we join the copper cable to the aluminum cable such that instead of the aluminum cable entering into the meter, the copper cable goes in instead and it is then screwed on tightly.

[pic]
A ferrule

It is also worth mentioning that the supply mains will need to pass through a flexible surface conduit pipe to prevent tapping or bypassing of power by the consumer and also to make the whole arrangement neater [pic]

A coil of flexible conduit

The second type of conlog meter is the three phase.
This meter is much bigger or complicated. it has eight terminals in all, numbered one to eight. The first six terminals are for the three phase input and three phase output while the last two terminals are for neutral input and output. It has the same physical features as the single phase and the loading of token is almost the same, the monitoring is done through the display screen. Another point of note is that the meter is monitored from a central computer at the base station at the PHCN office.
The token purchased must be loaded within three month from the time of purchase, else it will become expired.
When the meter has been fully installed, marked seals are locked on the meter screws to make it tamper proof. this is necessary to prevent the consumers from tampering with the connection as this might be dangerous to the consumer .it could lead to fire hazards or electrocution ,thus it is very necessary.
It is worth mentioning that the old meters are returned to the PHCN head office at Victoria Island.[pic]
Old meters being returned to the PHCN office at VI

CHAPTER SIX
INFLUENCES , ADVANTAGES AND DIS ADVANTAGES The meter has a lot of advantages some of which are • The digital meters in my own view is a welcome development .it will inadvertently cause money meant to pay for electricity go straight to the right place, this is because the customers deals directly with the banks who in turn deals with the distribution company • The days of estimation bill will come to an end, this means that billing will be more accurate and there will be no shorter changing on either the consumer side or the power company’s side. This is so because during the old estimation billing method, the customer is bill a constant amount to be payable monthly irrespective of the changes in the magnitude of the load. In this method, the consumer is either over billed or under billed but never accurately billed. • Another advantage is that the distribution company will cut spending on marketers that usually distribute bill and other thing also the meter readers will no longer be needed

INFLUENCES The new system has a lot of influences on the habit and attitude of the average consumer. With the new system, the consumer is now power conscious and they feel quite secure as they now can calculate their budget based on an accurate electricity billing and can adjust the budgets if necessary depending on how much electricity energy can be sacrificed to save cost. Though some erroneously believe that the new meters will boost power supply but we correct them and explain that in a way it will improve power supply because people –knowing that the more electricity you use , the more you pay-tend to put out unused light and appliances. this will reduce the demands on the power supply thus leaving more power to spare for a longer time and to other people. DISADVANTAGES • Marketers and meter readers will be laid off therefore there will be more people unemployed. this will pose a serious problem unless plans are made to recruit them into other jobs. • The meters being digital are liable to error in loading and operation. For instance, a consumer once came to complain or rather to report that ever since she loaded her meter with some token, instead of the unit loaded diminishing it kept on increasing with use .yet another one complained of not being able to load her token. these type and many other forms of problems do occur regularly

CONCLUTION All in all, when we weigh the pros and cons, one cannot but reach the conclusion that change is good and this change is not an exception. The digital meter heralds a new dawn for the distribution and sale of energy in Nigeria .may be it will turn out well, maybe it will not. only time can tell.
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Myself during yet another installation