...ATLANTA TECHNICAL COLLEGE ACADEMIC AND LEARNING SUPPORT SERVICES Program of Study: General Education BIO 2114 Anatomy and Physiology II This course syllabus is designed to assure students high academic success. It provides relevant information, outlines the course objectives, performance objectives, varied teaching methods that will be used, evaluation criteria for the course and work ethics, warranty claims, available student support services, expected accomplishments, and specific timelines. INSTITUTIONAL MISSION: Atlanta Technical College, a unit of the Technical College System of Georgia, located in the city of Atlanta, is an accredited institution of higher education that provides affordable lifelong learning opportunities, associate degrees, diplomas, technical certificates of credit, customized business and industry training, continuing education and other learning services using state-of-the-art technology. The integration of academics and applied career preparation to enhance student learning is essential in meeting the workforce demands and economic development needs of the people, businesses, and communities of Fulton County. Course Title: Anatomy and Physiology II Course Code Number: BIO 2114 Prerequisites: BIO 2113 Contact Hours: 70 Includes: Class Hours: 4 D. Lab Hours: 3 Credit Hours: 5 Instructor's Name: Barry N. Bates Office Room Number: 2107 Office Phone Number: 404.225...
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...BIOLOGY 100 REVIEW SHEET #3 Please read before you use this study guide: The review sheet may not include all the information that is required for the exam. It is just a supplementary material. You should focus mainly on the lecture notes and the textbook as reference. 1. Define endocrine, paracrine and autocrine. 2. What are the two types of hormones? Which of the two are faster? Describe the mechanisms of how they work toward its target cell to produce a response. 3. What is ADH and oxytocin? Where is it produced? Where it is stored? What is considered the master gland of the body which controls various other glands/parts of the body with the hormones produced from this structure? 4. What structure of the body is thyroxin secreted from? Where is this structure located? What does thyroxin do? If you have too much or too little of this hormone, what is it termed and what are some symptoms associated with each of these terms. 5. What structure secretes parathyroid hormone and where is it located? What does this hormone do? 6. What is the name of the gland located on top of the kidneys? What hormones are secreted here? What is the function of cortisol? 7. What is the name of the cells that secrete insulin in the pancreas? What is the function of insulin? What is the difference between type 1 and type 2 diabetes and which one is more prevalent in today’s society? What are the name of the cells that secrete glucagon in the pancreas and what is glucagon’s...
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...Death is Not Always the Measurement Why do we acclaim a person’s achievements only after the time of their lives? Why is it that the public only opens its eyes to the greatness of a person and his/her achievements after the time of his/her brief existence? Well, I can guess that it is a part of the irony of life as it is evident not only in our nation but in the whole civilization itself. It has become, what it seems to be, a Custom. Whereas a custom based on the Merriam-Webster Dictionary, a Habitual Action and a common practice among people. Late have we appreciated the importance of the person we have lost. And that is NOT however a good indication of a genuine condolence and appreciation of a man’s life. First of all, we are beginning to create a high standard in order for one to achieve recognition. Through these evident ironies of “reliving the lives of those who lost their lives” we are forming a new perspective among all, that for you to become someone we can pattern our lives with, you must first die and lose your life. That for us to be proud of having you in our same country, you must meet your final destination first. I have here a concrete example of what I am exactly talking about. The untimely death of our former DILG officer Jesse Manalastas Robredo indeed shook not only the Bicol region but the entire nation itself. No one expected that a man of honor would reach his demise in the harsh conditions of the shores of Albay. “I lost a Brother” a statement uttered...
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...DHEA, anti-Müllerian hormone, activin, and inhibin. Spermatogenesis and ovulation in males and females, respectively, may be impaired by hypogonadism, which, depending on the degree of severity, may result in partial or complete infertility. Contents 1 Classification 1.1 Affected system 1.2 Primary or secondary 1.3 Congenital vs. acquired 1.4 Hormones vs. fertility 2 Symptoms 2.1 In both sexes 2.2 Exclusively in men 2.3 Exclusively in women 3 Diagnosis 3.1 In men 3.2 In women 4 Treatment 5 Testosterone and longevity 6 See also 7 References 8 External links Classification Main article: Hypergonadotropic hypogonadism Main article: Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism Main article: Isolated hypogonadotropic hypogonadism Deficiency of sex hormones can result in defective primary or secondary sexual development, or withdrawal effects (e.g., premature menopause) in adults. Defective egg or sperm development results in infertility. The term hypogonadism is usually applied to permanent rather than transient or reversible defects, and usually implies deficiency of reproductive hormones, with or without fertility defects. The term is less commonly...
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...aids, and preparation in order to present this to an adolescent. Deciding at what age to tell your child the scientific version should depend on the parent. The “birds and bees story” may be more appropriate for a younger child, and the scientific version can be more explained when they are a little more mature. A girl should know about the sexual reproductive system when she starts menstruating. If she is not taught properly, she may not understand what is going on with her body, and may wind up pregnant at an early age. In order to explain the scientific version, first, you would have to start out by explaining the immediate male and female body parts that are involved; the penis and vagina. The inner part of the vagina consists of two ovaries, the cervix, and the uterus that are all connected to the uterus by the fallopian tubes. These are all structures that make up the woman’s reproductive system. A female is born with all the ova she will need for her entire life, which adds up to about 2 million. Due to a lot of the ova being immature in form, only about 400,000 actually make it into puberty. “During a woman’s reproductive years, from puberty to menopause, only 400 or so ripened ova, typically 1 per month, will be released by their follicles for possible...
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...THE SPERM AND THE EGG The Sperm and The Egg PSY/ 265 March 20, 2014 I am Egg. I have taken the long, dark journey into the infundibulum. This is the outermost part of the woman’s fallopian tube. Sperm, my soul mate, has been waiting for me to make this trip for an eternity. The sperm is the germ cell of a male. We can now finally meet. I have been waiting for this instant for so long now. I am very much looking forward to meeting him. I am one of some 400,000 eggs that have developed in this woman’s ovaries since puberty. Some 400 of us have survived to this point in her life and have ripened into ova. I finally get to be the one ova that is released during this month’s ovulation. The other ova have their growth suppressed by me for this special event. My home has always been the ovary. I am now moving into a new spot in town, the fallopian tube. Here I will await my friend Sperm’s arrival. It has taken me some time to get from the ovary to this point. Now, only two weeks remain before the woman’s next menstruation. I am so small that this 4 inch tube has taken me a long time to traverse. The cilia that line the tube helped to push me along down the tube’s length. The cilia are miniscule hair-like structures that make this possible. They were able to move me along at a rate of an inch each day. Today is my first full day in the fallopian tube. I trust that Sperm will be making...
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...stages Eminem The life stages Conception is the first stage of life, its where a baby is first made, during sexual intercourse about 3hundred million sperm enter the vergina soon afterwards millions of them will either flow out of the vergina or die in the civic environment however many survive because of the protective elements provided in the fluid surrounding them, next the sperm must past the cervix and open into the uterus, usually it is tightly closed but for a few days it stays open whilst the woman ovulates, the sperm swim through the cervical mulches, then once inside the cervix the sperm continues swimming towards the uterus then millions will die trying to make it through the mulches, resident cells from the woman’s immune system mistake the sperm for following intruders and can kill thousands more, then half of the sperm head for the fallopian tube, and the other half swim towards the tube containing the unfertilised egg, now only a few thousand remain, inside the fallopian tube tiny cilliur push the egg towards the uterus to continue the sperm must serge against this motion but some of the sperm gets caught in the cillur and die, at long last the sperm meet the egg only a few dozen of the 3 hundred million remain, the sperm must push through the first layer on the egg to reach the outer layer of the egg, the zone polucida when the sperm reach this they attached to specialised sperm receptors on the surface which trigurs there actor zones which realise active jensises...
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...Human Biology BIOL-120 Lecture 13 The Reproductive Systems Excretory System PAGE 1 OF 5 I. The urinary system functions to control water & minerals and remove wastes (urea mainly) from the blood II. The kidneys are the major organ of excretory system A. Ureters lead from kidney to bladder B. Urethra leads from bladder to outside of body a. Exist internal and external urethral sphincters C. In females, urinary and reproductive systems separate with urethra passing to surface between the clitoris and the vaginal opening in the vulva D. In males, both urine and semen pass out the urethra from the penis a. During sexual arousal, internal sphincter closes to prevent urine from flowing into urethra during sexual intercourse III. The excretory and genital organs are collectively called the urogenital system CHAPTER 16 16.1 Male reproductive system I.Since chance of one sperm fertilizing an egg is very slim, strategy is to deliver large number of sperm at one time II.Exist several reproductive organs although only the penis and scrotum are visible III.Testes is site where sperm made A.Differentiate from tissue that become abdominal wall B.Just before birth, testes drop into outpouching of skin & smooth muscle called the scrotum 1.Allows sperm to develop at a temperature a few degrees lower than body temperature – will regulate C.2 inches long but have 100 yards of seminiferous tubules (where sperm form) D.The many seminiferous tubules join into the epididymus 1.Epididymus located...
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...Before talking about public awareness campaign on ovarian cancer and how badly it is needed, let’s clarify what ovarian cancer is. As American Cancer Society explains “ovarian cancer begins in the ovaries that are reproductive glands found only in females (women). The ovaries produce eggs for reproduction. They are also the main source of the female hormones estrogen and progesterone. One ovary is on each side of the uterus in the pelvis” ("What Is Ovarian Cancer?"). One should understand that there are several types of cancer that develop from cells of the ovary and are considered to be one disease process. According to the information, provided at medicinenet.com, usually, “tumors arise from the epithelium or lining cells of the ovary. These include epithelial ovarian (from the cells on the surface of the ovary), fallopian tube, and primary peritoneal (the lining inside the abdomen that coats many abdominal structures) cancer” ("Ovarian Cancer: Facts on Symptoms and Treatment"). Obviously, there are some risk factors to pay attention to and the list of symptoms that women can identify themselves. Speaking about the risk factors that influence on the development of ovarian cancer, women should take into consideration the following key factors: age and family history. The older a women get the higher the risk. Thus, women who are over the age of 50 are more susceptible to ovarian cancer and ovarian cancer more often occurs in women who have already gone through the menopause...
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...REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM FUNCTIONS ➢ The major function of the reproductive system is to make sure that the human species survives. ➢ It is not necessary for every human being to produce children, but in order to continue our human species, at least some people have to have children. ➢ The four main functions of the human reproductive system are: • To produce egg and sperm cells, • To transport and sustain these cells, • To nurture the developing offspring, and • To produce hormones. MAJOR ORGANS ➢ In the human reproductive system, the major organs include the external genitalia and many internal organs including gonads producing gametes and hormones. ➢ These hormones are needed in the maturing of the human reproductive system, the development of sexual characteristics, and the importance in regulating the normal physiology of the human reproductive system. ➢ In the males, the major organ of the reproductive system is the penis, and in the females it is the vagina. FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM Female External Reproductive Organs A female's external part of the reproductive organs is called the vulva, meaning “covering.” The vulva is located between the legs and covers the opening to the vagina and other reproductive organs located inside the body. Female Internal Reproductive Organs The female has four internal reproductive organs: • the vagina, • uterus, • fallopian...
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...There are two key processes of cell division in the human body. (A) Mitosis and this is where a one celled organism divides into two individuals one growth and the other replacement of body cells. (B) the Meiosis, this is the production of sex cells, which are located in the testes and the ovaries and that cell is called the Gametes. The gametes is the sex cell produced by the meiosis which contains a reproduction of the 23rd chromosome set. Within the gamete process, the production of spermatogenesis or sperm production begins at the average age of 12 or 13 years of age in American males. The production of sperm produces throughout life and can vary from populations and the male can produce millions sperm cells at a time. Now on the other hand, the female go’s through a process called Oogenesis, which produces Ova. This division phase meiosis occurs within the ovaries during fetal development and conception around the fifth or seventh month. This is usually triggered by stimulation or certain hormones around about thee age of puberty to complete there development. Now when it comes to the polar bodies, the cells develop within the Oogenesis process, which contains little cytoplasm and does not develop until the Ova is mature. Once maturity is met and the proper cycle time is right, the embryo attaches to the wall of the Uteri's between the ages of 20 to 40 years old. Now at the midpoint of the cycle, the Ovum has matured enough to breakthrough the wall of the ovary, this is called...
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...Human Reproductive System The reproductive system or genital system is a system of organs within an organism which work together for the purpose of reproduction. Many non-living substances such as fluids, hormones, and pheromones are also important accessories to the reproductive system. Unlike most organ systems, the sexes of differentiated species often have significant differences. These differences allow for a combination of genetic material between two individuals, which allows for the possibility of greater genetic fitness of the offspring. The major organs of the reproductive system includes, the external genitalia as well as a number of internal organs including the gamete producing gonads . Diseases of the human reproductive system are very common and widespread, particularly communicable sexually transmitted diseases. Most other vertebrate animals have generally similar reproductive systems consisting of gonads, ducts, and openings. However, there is a great diversity of physical adaptations as well as reproductive strategies in every group of vertebrates. Human reproductive system Human reproduction takes place as internal fertilization by sexual intercourse. During this process, the erect penis of the male is inserted into the female's vagina until the male ejaculates semen, which contains sperm, into the female's vagina. The sperm then travels through the vagina and cervix into the uterus or fallopian tubes for fertilization of the ovum. Upon successful...
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...So for example, e.g. if who you aspire to is someone like Victoria Beckham and she is always immaculate looking and incredibly skinny you may adapt your diet in a dramatic way i.e. cut out fat and decrease your calorie intake because you feel it will make you closer to becoming your idol. This is dangerous for a young growing girl because cutting out really important nutrients can have damaging affects for example, e.g. cutting out dairy products is usually the case because dairy contains fat so this means you've got a higher risk of getting osteoporosis and also your periods can stop because your not getting enough essential nutrients in your diet which are important for the female reproductive system when you get older so your damaging your chances of fertility this means you may not be able to have children and will go through an early menopause where your periods stop permanently. Also because your restricting the foods you eat this means your lacking certain minerals and vitamins which are important for the body functioning so for example if your missing out fats you will not be receiving enough vitamin D and E this means you will have brittle nails, weak hair and more prone to acne. So the media can actually cause a huge impact on a young person because it features people in the media who to them appear "cool", "super skinny" and "perfect" so this sends an image to them that they have to be like them to achieve everyone liking them. So if you have low-self esteem and aren't...
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...Grade 5 I. Check Your Knowledge A. Read each item carefully. Circle the letter of the correct answer. 1. What is also known as fertilized egg? a. gamete c. sperm b. ovum d. zygote 2. When does a new life start? a. When egg and sperm cells unite b. When mature egg cells leave the ovary c. When sperm cells travel to meet the egg cell d. When an egg cell is fertilized by a sperm cell 3. How often does an egg cell mature and leave the ovary? a. once a day b. once a week c. once a month d. once a year 4. When is a female already capable of reproduction. a. becomes 12 years old b. becomes 20 years old c. starts menstruating d. reaches adulthood 5. What do you call the flattened, oval-shaped part of a sperm? a. head c. nucleus b. neck d. connecting piece 6. What is the whitish fluid that carries sperm cells? a. semen ...
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...Red Fox (Vulpes vulpes) Marissa N. Webb Biology 101 American Military University Mr. Daniel Pettus Red Fox (Vulpes vulpes) The red fox (Vulpes vulpes) is the largest of the true foxes. “True foxes” is a nickname for the genus Vulpes. Red foxes are the most geographically spread member of the Carnivora. Red foxes live all around the world in many different diverse habitats including forests, grasslands, mountains, and deserts. They are located across the entire Northern Hemisphere from the Arctic Circle to North Africa, Central America and Asia. I currently live in Virginia Beach, Virginia and red foxes are located throughout the local area. The red fox is found in all areas of Virginia except for the extreme southeast corner. It prefers diverse habitat, in less populated areas, like farmland. You can distinguish a red fox from other similar animals by the following physical characteristics: they are the size of a small dog, a total of 39-41 inches and a weight of 9-12 pounds. They have prominent, erect ears, a pointed nose, and a long, bushy tail with white tip. Their fur is long and soft, with the upper part reddish-yellow, black-tipped on the shoulders. Red foxes are omnivorous. Most of their diet consists of rabbits and mice. They are also known to eat poultry, squirrels, muskrats, quail, small nongame birds, insects, nuts and fruits in smaller amounts. The life cycle of the red fox is as follows: young foxes must...
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