...Hypothesis Identification Article Analysis Tangi, H., Greenwood, G., et al (2004). Cigarette smoking among lesbians, gays, and bisexuals: how serious a problem? Cancer Causes and Control 15, 797-803. This article seeks to show evidence that the smoking rate among lesbians, gays, and bisexuals is higher than that of heterosexuals. The data was collected in association with the UCLA Center for Health Policy Research. The sample was drawn by telephone survey in which the numbers were randomly generated by computer. The method of sampling was stratified sampling in which the strata were counties in the area being sampled from. The proportions of participants in each strata were obtained from county population estimates. One possible flaw with this study was that respondents were asked to self-identify as being homosexual. To the extent that some homosexuals were unwilling to tell the truth about their sexual orientation, the results of the study may be biased. That is, there may have been a sizable number of “closeted” homosexuals in the heterosexual population. The means of analysis was logistic regression. This is approach is like ordinary least squares regression, but the response variable, rather than being normally distributed are binary. Hence, linear regression is not a reasonable approach to this. This research uses demographic characteristics such as race, gender, level of education, and income as control variables. The hypothesis that is being tested is...
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...Explain the difference between a left-tailed, two-tailed, and right-tailed test. When would you choose a two-tailed test? How might you tell the direction of the test by looking at a pair of hypothesis? How might you tell which direction (or no direction) to make the hypothesis by looking at the problem statement (research question)? The direction of the test is indicated by the alternate Hypotheses H1. < indicates a left tailed test and > indicates a right tailed test. One would choose a two tailed test when the direction of < or > does not matter to the researcher. Two tailed tests are indicated by =. One would also choose a two tailed test if the rejection of the two tailed test guarantees a rejection of the left or right tailed test. I think one can tell which direction the hypothesis should be by the way the research question is worded. Certain words can mean less than or greater than;: or equal to or not equal to; or greater than or equal to some number. One just needs to read the hypothesis carefully to make sure he or she is conducting the test in the correct direction or the test will be done wrong. An example of this would be where the average means of monthly wages for a population area is $1,800 and someone questions this saying they believe it is higher for the particular area. So the hypothesis for this particular scenario would be written out as: H0 : µ > 1,800 H1 : µ ≤ 1,800 Please try to respond to this question by at least...
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...Running head: REGRESSION Regression Names RES/342 - Research and Evaluation II Date Professor Table of contents Executive Summary 3 Dataset 3 Data Observations 3 Statistical Analysis 4 Conclusion 4 Dataset for the 2004 season 5 Regression Analysis taking LOG (Y) 6 Regression Analysis 8 Executive Summary This report is to determine whether total team payroll for major league baseball teams directly varies with each team’s home attendance. This is an important statistical analysis because if we can prove that there is a relationship between salary and attendance then we can see that more fans in the stands will give a team more buying power when it comes to signing players. Dataset The independent variable is team payroll and the dependent variable is team home attendance. Each team plays 81 home games. The dataset consists of 30 Major League Baseball teams from the 2004 season. Data Observations For the independent variable: The arithmetic mean for home attendance is: 30,453.67 The median for total home attendance is: 31,499.50 The standard deviation for total home attendance is: 8,132.28139 The minimum for total home attendance is: 14,052 The maximum for total home attendance is: 50,499 For the dependent variable: The arithmetic mean for total payroll is: $73,052,363.27 The median...
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...Sales Forecast In this sales forecast with applying time series methodologies the company Blues Inc. has some dilemma’s they need to look at and with a sales forecast it can give them a good overview of what to expect and how to prepare for any losses or new ideas. Myra here is a sales forecast of how it can be analyzed and what to look for in the future for improvements. By using sales as an independent variable we are able to get a better view as to what our budget is and what the company can spend on to make a little more profit each quarter or year. The advertising budget will be a little bit more expensive but the return on investment will be greater than it was the year before. The fluctuations in the denim market are promising, a lot of people love to wear denim but there is a period where the sales do drop but they pick back up after the third year of being lower than usual. By looking into the future and using past forecasts the company Blues Inc. will be able to stay on top and grab a piece of the pie so to speak. By using a quarterly forecast we can find out in what month’s people aren’t buying denim and how much they are buying. Advertising Budget and Quarterly Forecast Going into any business there are going to be ups and downs. By looking at similar businesses forecasts and using that as a basis to know how much product the business needs to be profitable we can make an educated decision in what the business needs and what it doesn’t need. ...
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...Applying ANOVA and Nonparametric Tests Simulation In this week’s simulation, I chose the Kruskal-Wallis test. The three lessons learned relative to ANOVA and Nonparametric Tests were the errors are random and independent of each other, each population has a normal distribution, and all the populations have the same variance. From the lessons learned through the ANOVA and Nonparametric Tests Simulation, I will be able to apply the concepts and analytical tools learned at my workplace by applying ANOVA and various nonparametric tests to analyze the results of data for more efficient and effective operations within my organization. Some of the suggestions that I made in the simulation for month one were to conduct a Kruskal-Wallis Test, reject the null hypothesis, and provide training for increase competency, which will help increase productivity of the software engineers of Praxidike Systems. For month two, I selected the type of project and scope changes as factors for analysis. The correlation matrix showed that the factor “type of project” has a strong positive correlation with the productivity of software engineers. The factor “scope changes,” on the other hand, has a correlation coefficient of 0.6. It was difficult to make any definite conclusions from this number as it was more than 0.5, but less than 0.75. Thus, further investigation of the factor is appropriate. I also made suggestions to set competency levels for a project depending on the skill requirements...
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...Exercises From the E-Text 5. State the main points of the Central Limit Theorem for a mean? “The Central Limit Theorem (CLT) is a powerful result that allows us to approximate the shape of the sampling distribution of X even when we don’t know the shape of the population distribution” (Doane & Seward, 2007, p. 299). 6. Why is population shape of concern when estimating a mean ? What does sample size have to do with it? The shape of a population is of concern when estimating a mean because the shape can determine if a population is normal thus providing the normality of the distribution of the sample mean. According to Applied Statistics in business and economics, “If the population is normal, the distribution of the sample mean is normal regardless of the sample size” (Doane & Seward, 2007, p. 299). | | Exercise 8.46 A random sample of 10 min tootsie rolls was taken from a bag. Each piece was weighted on a very accurate scale. The results in grams were: 3.087 3.131 3.241 3.241 3.270 3.353 3.400 3.411 3.437 3.477 A) Construct a 90% confidence interval for the true mean weight Assuming the population has a normal distribution, we should use the Student t distribution E= z(sigma)/ sqrt(n) E= 1.645(0.13199/ sqrt(10) E= 0.06866 x-bar= 3.3048 90% CI = 3.3048-.06866= 3.23614, 3.3048 + 0.06866 = 3.37346 Confidence interval: 3.23614 to 3.37346 B) What sample size would be necessary to estimate the true weight with an error...
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...Nonparametric Hypothesis Testing Paper Nonparametric Hypothesis Test:. Research can be focused in a number of ways, to help refine our topic to a point where we have clear hypotheses statements. If the housing industry was determined to be doing better than the rest of the economy, a hypothesis test might be in order, with mean prices greater than other housing industries. The test to determine the difference is the one sample run (Wald- Wolfowitz test to determine the mean prices to be equal to each home cost (Doane & Seward, 2007). However, March home sales were higher than expected. Our Presidents recent trip aboard has secured enough raw material and additional energy products to secure the USA zone of growth for 100 years. We believe America remains at the top of the economic world and by far the most secure in the housing industry recovery (Dohrmann B, 2011). More often than not, homeowners has maximize their time and search for the best sales for homes by searching information about homes sales and choices(Rosales L. 2011). The housing industry can also find the best buyer’s options that are available to him or her in a similar way that real estate agencies can seek the best sales on homes. However, the homes of the homeowners in the housing industry are set by the regional, state, and local expectations of the buyers and not so much by differences in qualifications of the homeowners. There are still a bright light in our housing futures across the nation (Rosales L...
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...Week 3 E-Text Chauntilena Goodwin RES/342 May 1, 2012 Olivia Scott Week 3 E-Text 10.30 In Dallas, some fire trucks were painted yellow (instead of red) to heighten their visibility. During a test period, the fleet of red fire trucks made 153,348 runs and had 20 accidents, while the fleet of yellow fire trucks made 135,035 runs and had 4 accidents. At α = .01, did the yellow fire trucks have a significantly lower accident rate? (a) State the hypotheses. H0: p1 ≥ p2 H1: p1 < p2 (b) State the decision rule and sketch it. Reject the null hypothesis if the critical value is less than z.010= -2.326 and the p-value is greater than .01. (c) Find the sample proportions and z test statistic. P1 = 4135,035 = .00002962 p2 = 20153,348 = .00013042 P = x1+ x2n1+ n2 = 4+20135,035+153,348 = .00008322 z.010 = P1-P2p1-P[1n1+1n2] = .00002962-.00013042.000083221-.0000832[1135,035+1153,348] = -2.9610 (d) Make a decision. Since the z.010 < -2.326 the decision is to reject the null hypothesis (e) Find the p-value and interpret it. P (z<-2.9610) = .0015. The probabilities of a z-score lower than -2.9610 is only .0015. (f ) If statistically significant, do you think the difference is large enough to be important? If so, to whom, and why? The difference of statistical significant is important so that the fire department can have information that can lower cost and make operation safer. (g) Is the normality assumption fulfilled? Explain. The sample size is large...
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...Do more than 50% of the population of both European Union countries and G-20 countries live past the age of 60? In answering the research question, µ = life expectancy in European Union and G-20 Countries. The verbal null hypothesis is stated as: more than 50% of the population of European Union and G-20 countries live to the age of 60. The numerical null hypothesis is stated as: µ ≥ 50%. The verbal alternate hypothesis is stated as: less than 50% of the population of European Union and G-20 countries live to the age of 60. The numerical alternate hypothesis is stated as: µ ≤ 50%. Team C will utilize the five-step hypothesis test on the CIA Global Demographics Data Set to accept or reject the null hypothesis as explained below. Five-Step Hypothesis Test Step 1 Step one of the five step hypothesis is to state the research problem in question form. In this case, I will define what will be tested and identify what variable will be used in the data collection. My hypothesis is: Do more than 50% of the population of both European Union countries and G-20 countries live past the age of 60? Step 2 During step two of the process, both the null and alternate hypotheses are recognized in both verbal and numerical form. The null hypothesis is that greater than 50% of the European Union and G-20 countries live past the age of 60.. This creates an alternative hypothesis that less than 50% of the European Union and G-20 countries die before the age of 60.. H0: µ = > .50 ...
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...”Sorry for Disturbing You” By Richard Knight A A common perception of our society is that friends come and go, but you will always have your family for better or worse. Sadly that does not count for all. In the short story, “Sorry for Disturbing You,” we meet one of those who are not as lucky as some of us are. The short story, “Sorry for Disturbing”, is written by Richard Knight. He is bringing men’s generally incompetence of showing their feelings and how we are handling these people and communication into focus. The composition is mainly chronological. It starts in medias res as Ian reflects over his meeting with Michael Phelps. This is the only place where there is a breach of the chronologically time line. The story spans over a couple of hours, from the moment Ian opens the door to when he returns home to his wife and daughter, Karen and Corinne. It is told by a third person limited narrator as we only get an insight view on Ian thoughts. This means that there is no outer description of Ian, but the reader is able to follow his inner life. It also means that the portrait of Michael is made based upon Ian’s perception of him and how he appears in the dialogue. Michael Phelps, the other narrator, suddenly shows up really drunk and confused at Ian’s doorstep – claiming to know the previous owners of the house, Edie and George Higham. Ian, the other main character of the story, finds this bothersome and wonders why Michael seeks for help when he could...
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...leading the downfall of AIG in 2008. In this paper, I will analyze the cause, the transactions and finally effects of the scandal. The Accounting Scandal The Players The CEO of AIG was Maurice “Hank” Greenberg. Greenberg joined AIG in 1962 and led AIG for thirty eight years until his retirement in March 2005. Greenberg was not only the CEO, but also the chairman of the board of AIG. AIG also have several subsidiaries, which include National Union Fire Insurance Company of Pittsburgh (NUFIC) and Hartford Steam Boiler Inspection (HSB). Their financial information are consolidated in AIG’s financial statements. The scandal also involves another corporation General Re Corporation. General Re is a subsidiary of Berkshire Hathaway, Inc., an investment group run by the billionaire Warren Buffet. General Re also has subsidiaries all over the world and together and it is one of the biggest reinsurance companies in the World. Reinsurance companies are entities that insure the insurance companies. They help insurance companies share risk by selling reinsurance plans that would help pay off a share of a claim from the insurance...
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...Sorry for the Loss “Sorry for the Loss” is a short story, written by English writer Bridget Keehan in 2008. It is written in third person, from the main character’s point of view. The main character is Evie, who works at a prison as a Catholic chaplain. The story starts in media res, with the sentence “Evie has to tell Victor his Nan is dead.” We get no background info about Evie or the prison; we just go straight into the story. As the title indicates, there is a loss in this story. The loss is an inmate’s (named Victor) Nan, who is dead. Victor is a young and good looking boy, and when Evie goes to his cell to tell him about his Nan, she immediately feels sorry for him. Compared to Evie, who is very religious, and likes to say prayers, whenever she has some spear time, Victor isn’t that into religion. Sure, he is a Catholic, but he is also interested in learning about other religions as well. The atmosphere in the prison intimidates Evie, and she doesn’t like to be there because of all the loud noises. She is a bit scared of the inmates, because she doesn’t understand how they can do such a thing, which has led them into prison. She has her religious morals, but they don’t. When Victor gets the news about his Nan’s death, he doesn’t seem to care. Instead he is looking at the pigeons flying around outside his window. They are politely making small talk, until Evie leaves. She doesn’t understand why he didn’t showed any emotions, when she told him about his Nan...
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...LSTD 207 Final Exam Answers Follow Below Link to Download Tutorial https://homeworklance.com/downloads/lstd-207-final-exam-answers/ For More Information Visit Our Website ( https://homeworklance.com/ ) Email us At: Support@homeworklance.com or lancehomework@gmail.com LSTD 207 Final Exam Part 1 of 1 – 100.0 Points Question 1 of 30 2.5 Points A defendant should always raise any objections to personal jurisdiction in the first response to the plaintiff’s complaint or the issue is waived and may not be reconsidered. True False Feedback: See pages 118, 120-121. A defendant must raise objections to venue, personal jurisdiction, and form and method of service of process in their first response to the complaint (pre-answer or answer) or the issue is waived and may not be reconsidered at a later time. Question 2 of 30 2.5 Points A defendant can remove a case from state court to federal court even if the federal court could not have heard the case initially. True False Feedback: See page 27- “FAQ”. Removal jurisdiction is available to defendants only in cases that the plaintiff could have commenced in federal court. Question 3 of 30 2.5 Points Is it possible for a defendant to file a motion to dismiss for personal jurisdiction and a motion for summary judgment simultaneously? A.Yes B.No Feedback: A motion to dismiss is asserted prior to the answer (as an alternative to an answer) or in...
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...Case Question 1 In his 2002 letter to shareholders, Warren Buffett referred to financial derivatives as the "financial weapons of mass destruction" and a ticking "time bomb" waiting to explode. His perspective may well be derived from his own experience with some derivative positions his company, Berkshire Hathaway Inc, inherited from the $22 billion purchase of General Reinsurance Corporation in 1998 (Berkshire Hathaway Inc, 2002). Unable to find an agreeable counterparty to buy the General Reinsurance Securities, a subsidiary of General Reinsurance Corporation that deals with derivatives, Buffett decided to close it which required him to unwind the subsidiary's derivative positions. The complexity of the derivatives positions took him years to complete the unwinding and at a pretax loss of $173 million for General Reinsurance Corp in 2002 (Berkshire Hathaway Inc, 2002) and $409 million in cumulative pretax loss as of 2008 (Berkshire Hathaway Inc, 2009). He likens the unwinding process to entering hell, stating that derivatives positions were "easy to enter and almost impossible to get exit" (Berkshire Hathaway Inc, 2004). In 2002, trades in derivatives were growing rapidly in recent years and they pose a "mega-catastrophic risk" that could harm not only their sellers and buyers, but the whole economic system for the following reasons: 1. Mark-to-market accounting (Investopedia 2011) is a legal form of accounting for a venture involved in buying and selling securities...
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...As stated, Hemingway illustrates a man, the Doctor’s, role in a family thus giving a portrait of and an insecure man, neither masculine nor able to stand up for himself and be comfortable in his own skin. The story is chronological and starts in medias res: “Dick Boulton came from the Indian camp to cut up logs for Nick’s father” (p. 11, l. 1-2). It can be divided into three different sections: the doctor´s argument with the Indians, the experience with his wife and in the end the experience with Nick. Firstly, we are introduced to Dick Boulton, his son Eddy, and Billy Tabeshaw who arrive on Nick's father's property to cut up logs for him. This section’s primary focus is on the parallels between the whites and the Indians. The logs Nick’s father wants to use were lost on the way to a mill years ago. The doctor assumes they are no longer needed for the mill, so he seems innocent in hiring Indians to make them into firewood. Dick makes a point about ownership's duration, showing that the wood still has an owner, but the doctor insists that he is not stealing. The Indian shows the doctor a White and McNally brand on the logs. Dick's accusation that he is stealing makes the doctor angry, because to him the logs should count as abandoned. His anger is clearly portrayed in his physically appearance and he also threatens Dick when he says: “if you call me Doc once again, I’ll knock your eye teeth down your throat” (p. 13, l. 8-9). Dick is a big man, and “he liked to get into fights”...
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