...CHAPTER-2 NANO FLUIDS Nano fluids are a new kind of approach for heat transfer applications. Nano fluids are containing nanoparticles having size of 1–100 nm, which are uniformly and stably suspended in a base fluid. Generally metals or metal-oxides used as Nanoparticles and they greatly enhance the thermal conductivity of the Nano fluids. Nano fluids have been considered for so many industrial applications for advanced heat transfer fluids for two decades. However, due to complexity of the Nano fluid systems, there is no agreement has been achieved in heat transfer processes. Nano fluids have the following advantages: • Nano fluids have broad surface area and more heat transfer rate occurs between particles and base fluids. • High dispersal...
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...using very small particles”, i.e. controlling matter at an atomic or molecular scale, measured in nanometers. After all, no internationally agreed definition currently exists. It has filled the food industry with big ideas, but confusion and concerns have stalled the process of product development in big food company R&D departments. Therefore, there is still a long way to go before ideas in a lab or turned into commercially viable innovations. Application in the food industry In the food industry, the technology could have a variety of uses including detecting bacteria in packaging, delivering nutrients in small doses, or producing stronger flavors and colorings. In what seems to be a miracle cure to obesity and diabetes, oil droplets containing nano-sized water particles could be used to reduce the fat content of foods such as mayonnaise, cream and chocolate while retaining good sensory properties. There are a myriad of other potential applications in the food sector ranging from emulsions and nano-encapsulations on the formulation side to nano-coatings for processing equipment on the factory floor, which would ease the cleaning burden at food plants. Other interesting applications included nano-sensors that could detect pathogens and nano particles that could purify water in developing countries. Nevertheless, picking which research projects or even application areas will result in new and exciting products is not a straightforward affair. Nano-filters that remove...
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...Nanotechnology Patricio Peña Medina June 14, 2013 Composition II Professor M. Putman Research Paper It’s the biggest technology challenge since the information super high way. Engaging scientist, entrepreneurs and governments form countries all over the world. Public debates, press conferences and expos around the world this technology is revolutionizing science. Not visible to the naked eye, tiny self-assembling Nano systems offer big solutions to some of the world’s most complex problems. This is science on the Nano scale, or scientist it’s the largest topic with hundreds of thousand possibilities. To put things in more of an understandable perspective, the smallest things that the human eye can make out is around 10,000nm. To aid in further understanding of these measurements more than 100 students from Rice University by designing an immense single-walled carbon nanotube. The nanotube measured 1180 feet long (Williams & Adams 23). So what is nanotechnology? 1 nanometer is 1 billionth of a meter, about the size of six carbon atoms or less than one water molecule almost too small to imagine (Williams & Adams). Nano technology is the science of interacting with atoms and molecules to modify the way they behave; for example by chemical creating Ferro fluids or liquid magnets the exhibit strange behavior due to external magnetic fields. Or by fabricating Nano scale semiconductor crystals known as quantum dots which are sometimes called artificial atoms...
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...CFD Analysis of two pass Double Pipe Heat Exchanger with Fe3O4/water Nano fluid Dissertation submitted In partial fulfilment of requirement For the award of degree of Master of Technology in Thermal Engineering by Ponnada Prasanthkumar 13131D2102 Under the Guidance of Sri B. Ajit Assistant Professor Department of Mechanical Engineering GAYATRI VIDYA PARISHAD COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING (AUTONOMOUS) (Affiliated to J.N.T. University, Kakinada) VISHAKHAPATNAM - 530048 CERTIFICATE This is to certify that the project titled CFD Analysis of Double Pipe two pass Heat Exchanger with Fe3O4/water Nano fluid is a bonafide record of the work done by Ponnada Prasanthkumar (13131D2102) In partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of the degree of Master of Technology in Thermal Engineering of the Gayatri Vidya...
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...microscopic scale has created the field of Nanotechnology which refers to the creation of devices and materials on extremely small scales. The products of Nanotechnology are composed of individual particles called Nanoparticles which have one dimension (width, height, or length) that is less than 100 nanometers. To put that in perspective, the width of a human hair is about 10 to 1000 times bigger than a nanometer. At such miniscule size, materials can be created with valuable chemical and physical properties, such as the ability to conduct electricity in the case of electronics, which enable for a wide range of technological applications, ranging from faster computer chips to new ways of treating cancer. The incorporation of Nano-technologies in commercial products has begun what some scientists and journalists are calling a “Nano revolution.” In other words, more and more technologies have at least some component that was engineered using Nanotechnology. With such wide range of applications, it is no wonder groups like the International Council of Nanotechnology (ICON) have been formed to investigate the possible harmful effects. In vitro cellular toxicology tests which are tests performed in an isolated environment, where the only contaminants are the nanoparticles, have shown that the particles can get inside the body but the specific health risks are yet to be determined (Colvin, 1167). Without further proof, nanomaterials will continue to be manufactured...
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...ayants droit, ou ayants cause, est illicite et constituerait une contrefaçon sanctionnée. Table of contents Table of contents ..............................................................................................21 Introduction ...........................................................................................................5 Nanos and autos: a running business! .........................................................7 Introduction The articles gathered in this booklet have been published in the series “Growing with nanos!” in the Belgian magazine “PME/KMO. They are reproduced here with the kind agreement of the editor and the authors. Under the “Eureka” label, the European program MINATUSE (Micro and Nano technology Use by SMEs) aims to facilitate the integration of micro- and nanotechnologies within SMEs and to improve their participation in European projects by creating a network of assistance and information. The consortium is made up of 10 core partners, from 7 different European countries, assisted by 10 to 12 satellite members, creating a network of important European research centres active in nano- and micro technologies, and other organizations specialized in technology transfers and promotion of technological innovation. The coordinator of this project is IMEC (Belgium). The project has started in 2005 for a duration of 6 years. If you want to contact the MINATUSE members, to be informed or assisted, you can find here...
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...sunscreen is enough to reach the desire effect and protection. The prices of these kinds of lotion vary a lot as it depends on their SPF(Sun Protection Factor) rating as well as PA degree, ranging from $60 to $250+. This product is popular worldwide especially in United States as people nowadays often do outdoor activities while they are highly aware of their health. The main reason of choosing sunscreen as study Project topic is that I am curious about how do the chemicals inside sunscreen can protect us from sun burn and the potential risk of applying it. As far as I am concerned, some of the chemicals inside sunscreen are nanoparticles. Would there be any differences in terms of properties between the normal size of particles and Nano-sized particles? This report will look into it step by step. Main Content 1. The main chemicals found in Sunscreen Sunscreen mainly contains Oxybenzone (C14H12O3), Zinc Oxide (ZnO) and Titanium dioxide (TiO2). Sunscreen can be divided into two types, which are chemical and physical sunscreen....
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...s t r a c t Nanotechnology is an emerging field of science devoted to provide new opportunities in a vast range of areas. In this paper, different techniques are proposed to enable the long range interconnection of nano-machines, deployed over distances from a few centimeters up to several meters. Long range nano-communications will enable the development of applications that could not be implemented using other techniques. The usage of both short-range nano techniques and long range micro techniques are not practical or are unfeasible for a huge application scope. Biologically inspired research provides promising features to long range communication, such as very low power consumption and biocompatibility. In this paper, several bio-inspired techniques are discussed following a twofold taxonomy divided according to whether a fixed physical link is required for signal propagation or not, i.e., either wired or wireless communication. In the first group, pheromones, spores, pollen and light transduction are discussed. In the second group, neuron-based communication techniques and capillaries flow circuit are explored. All proposed techniques offer a good framework for long-range molecular communication, and their components and test-beds can benefit from different research expertise, e.g., entomology for pheromones, mycology for spores, neuroscience for axons, and biochemistry for capillaries. Ó 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved....
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...Nanotechnology and its process on computing: Nano and technology: * a Nanometre is a unit of length in the metric system,equal to one billion of ametre(10-9). * Technology is the making usage and knowledge and tools,techinques and machines,in order to solve a problem or to perform specific function | | “ Nanotechnology is the art and science of manipulating in a nanoscale” Nanotechnology in computing: Computing includes designing, developing and building hardware and software systems; processing, structuring, and managing various kinds of information; doing scientific research on and with computers; making computer systems behave intelligently; and creating and using communications and entertainment media. Nanocomputing:”A nanocomputer is a computer whose physical dimensions are microscopic. The field of nanocomputing is part of the emerging field of nanotechnology . Several types of nanocomputers have been suggested or proposed by researchers and futurists.” Nanocomputing, as defined in this report, refers to computing systems which are constructed from nanoscale compo- nents. The issues that need to be faced for successful realization of nanocomputers relate to the scale and integration of the components. nanotechnology and its type: Electronic nanocomputers would operate in a manner similar to the way present-day microcomputers work. Most engineers agree that technology has not yet come close to pushing this limit. By 1970s standards, today's ordinary microprocessors...
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...drugs. Proteins serve a highly specific and complex set of functions that cannot be reproduced by simple chemical compounds. Protein therapeutics can be broken down into groups based on what they can be used for. Group 1 are therapeutics with enzymatic or regulatory activity, Group II includes proteins therapies with special targeting activity, Group III includes protein vaccines, and Group IV includes protein diagnostics. Protein therapeutics are an integral part of medicine. Currently they have been displaying a decreased stability in storage, decreased efficacy and increased immunogenic side effects in patients. Through an enhanced understanding of proteins we can formulate a therapy that will supersede what is currently in use. A research study was done to evaluate the efficacy of a certain variety of protein therapeutics and the obstacles faced when choosing a delivery route. This study pertained specifically to proteins and their ability to treat central nervous system disorders. This article discussed different methods of delivery and each methods set backs. Parenteral delivery routes were shown ineffective because of the lack of bioavailability. It was also seen as unsuccessful because they were unable to cross the blood brain barrier. Proteins targeting the brain were seen ineffective when having to cross the blood brain barrier. The study also addressed other routes of administration including central intracerebroventricular, intranasal and intrathecal deliveries....
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...MANUFACTURING CHALLENGES AND REMEDIES OF NANO SiC PARTICULATES FROM QUARTS BY MECHANICAL ABERRATION METHOD R. Selvam1, S. Ravi2, 1 Research scholar, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Bharath University, Chennai, India. 2 Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sriram College of Engineering, Chennai, India. Abstract Among the various non-oxide ceramics, silicon carbide (SiC) is the leader. The attractive properties, such as good specific strength and Young’s modulus as a function of the temperature, the specific stiffness, relatively low weight, corrosion and erosion resistance and easy availability in complex engineering shapes, have made SiC an attractive alternative to the hard metal compositions. These products are applied for high...
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...TITLE : Nano material as biological sensors or nano in medical therapy or nano in medical use CONTENT LIST CONTENTS PAGE NO. ABSTRACT 2 INTRODUCTION 2 CURRENT STATUS 3 DISCUSSION 3 FURTHER DIRECTION 16 CONCLUSION 16 REFERENCES 17 ABSTRACT The recent developments in the Nano scale systems promise to be a harbinger for scientific and technological advancements initiating a fundamental understanding and quest of novel physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of systems in nano material dimensions. The latest architectures in nanostructures and nano systems are representative of improved functionalities. The nano structured materials have future applications for chem.-bio sensors, medical therapies and potential applications in security and environment safety. (Merkle, R.C.1993) INTRODUCTION The intentional or unintentional contamination of the environment, food items and the agricultural products has been increased due to certain local and global threats of poisonous gases and terrorism. This situation makes the decentralized sensing a core issue for several international bodies. A nanotechnology based sensor platform makes the direct electrical detection of biological and chemical agents possible in a highly multiplexed format over a vast dynamic range during clinical testing. Nucleic acid layers can be combined with nanomaterials-based electrochemical which produce affinity biosensors such as the “DNA Biosensor”...
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...Nanotechnology Nanotechnology, which is widespread subject, is what is likely to be the driving force of many scientific changes of our earths future. It’s the technology of manipulating matter at the nano scale. Nanotechnology is applied in countless different fields such as science, health care, agriculture, security, computing etc. The ground breaking developments that are made in these various fields due to nanotech is why the world will continue to invest its time and money into the subject matter. “Many experts even predict that Nanotechnology is going to have as significant a place in the field of science and technology as the steam engine had at the time of its invention. Due to the potential it bears most developed and developing countries are making significant investment into nanotechnology research and development where the combined investment from the private and public sector is estimated to be around $12 billion annually.” (Michelson et al, 2008) The revolution of nanotechnology is not only expected to make many products and services friendlier economically, but is also going to allow for the miniaturization of control systems. Diseases will be more simple to cure, and we will have new cures for diseases that we do not yet have cures for. On the contrary with advantages come disadvantages. There are many widespread discussions regarding the negative effects of nanotechnology. Nanotechnology has its benefits but can also be lethal if used improperly...
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...perspectives. It seems that a size limitation of nanotechnology to the 1-100 nm range, the area where size-dependant quantum effects come to bear, would exclude numerous materials and devices, especially in the pharamaceutical area, and some experts caution against a rigid definition based on a sub-100 nm size. Another important criteria for the definition is the requirement that the nano-structure is man-made. Otherwise you would have to include every naturally formed biomolecule and material particle, in effect redefining much of chemistry and molecular biology as 'nanotechnology.' The most important requirement for the nanotechnology definition is that the nano-structure has special properties that are exclusively due to its nanoscale proportions. The design, characterization, production, and application of structures, devices, and systems by controlled manipulation of size and shape at the nanometer scale (atomic, molecular, and macromolecular scale) that produces structures, devices, and systems with at least one novel/superior characteristic or property. Nano water filter used in INDONESIA...
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...decades new discoveries were able to address the challenges in this industry. Devices with high performance, high speed, power efficiency, high memory capacity and high bandwidths are introduced to the market by combing nanotechnology with ICT. [ Nanoscale Materials and Devices for Future Communication Networks-magazine] Large investments are done by governments on nanotechnology R&D activities to enhance the competitiveness in the IT and communication industries. Research and developments are giving the contribution to transform future ICT in to intelligent networks. [ Nanoscale Materials and Devices for Future Communication...
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